Professional Documents
Culture Documents
evaluating the care during her shift. At the end of her shift,
PNLE I Nursing Practice the RN will pass this same task to the next RN in charge. This
Scope of this Nursing Test I is parallel to the NP1 NLE nursing care illustrates of what kind of method?
Coverage:
Foundation of Nursing primary nursing method
Nursing Research case method
Professional Adjustment team method
Leadership and Management functional method
7. A newly hired nurse on an adult medicine unit with 3
1. The registered nurse is planning to delegate tasks to months experience was asked to float to pediatrics. The
unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). Which of the following nurse hesitates to perform pediatric skills and receive an
task could the registered nurse safely assigned to a UAP? interesting assignment that feels overwhelming. The nurse
should:
Monitor the I&O of a comatose toddler client with salicylate
poisoning resign on the spot from the nursing position and apply for a
Perform a complete bed bath on a 2-year-old with multiple position that does not require floating
injuries from a serious fall Inform the nursing supervisor and the charge nurse on the
Check the IV of a preschooler with Kawasaki disease pediatric floor about the nurse’s lack of skill and feelings of
Give an outmeal bath to an infant with eczema hesitations and request assistance
2. A nurse manager assigned a registered nurse from Ask several other nurses how they feel about pediatrics and
telemetry unit to the pediatrics unit. There were three find someone else who is willing to accept the assignment
patients assigned to the RN. Which of the following patients Refuse the assignment and leave the unit requesting a
should not be assigned to the floated nurse? vacation a day
8. An experienced nurse who voluntarily trained a less
A 9-year-old child diagnosed with rheumatic fever experienced nurse with the intention of enhancing the skills
A young infant after pyloromyotomy and knowledge and promoting professional advancement to
A 4-year-old with VSD following cardiac catheterization the nurse is called a:
A 5-month-old with Kawasaki disease
3. A nurse in charge in the pediatric unit is absent. The nurse mentor
manager decided to assign the nurse in the obstetrics unit to team leader
the pediatrics unit. Which of the following patients could the case manager
nurse manager safely assign to the float nurse? change agent
9. The pediatrics unit is understaffed and the nurse manager
A child who had multiple injuries from a serious vehicle informs the nurses in the obstetrics unit that she is going to
accident assign one nurse to float in the pediatric units. Which
A child diagnosed with Kawasaki disease and with cardiac statement by the designated float nurse may put her job at
complications risk?
A child who has had a nephrectomy for Wilm’s tumor
A child receiving an IV chelating therapy for lead poisoning “I do not get along with one of the nurses on the pediatrics
4. The registered nurse is planning to delegate task to a unit”
certified nursing assistant. Which of the following clients “I have a vacation day coming and would like to take that
should not be assigned to a CAN? now”
“I do not feel competent to go and work on that area”
A client diagnosed with diabetes and who has an infected toe “ I am afraid I will get the most serious clients in the unit”
A client who had a CVA in the past two months 10. The newly hired staff nurse has been working on a
A client with Chronic renal failure medical unit for 3 weeks. The nurse manager has posted the
A client with chronic venous insufficiency team leader assignments for the following week. The new
5. The nurse in the medication unit passes the medications staff knows that a major responsibility of the team leader is
for all the clients on the nursing unit. The head nurse is to:
making rounds with the physician and coordinates clients’
activities with other departments. The nurse assistant Provide care to the most acutely ill client on the team
changes the bed lines and answers call lights. A second nurse Know the condition and needs of all the patients on the team
is assigned for changing wound dressings; a licensed Document the assessments completed by the team members
practitioner nurse takes vital signs and bathes theclients. This Supervise direct care by nursing assistants
illustrates of what method of nursing care? 11. A 15-year-old girl just gave birth to a baby boy who needs
emergency surgery. The nurse prepared the consent form
Case management method and it should be signed by:
Primary nursing method
Team method The Physician
Functional method The Registered Nurse caring for the client
6. A registered nurse has been assigned to six clients on the The 15-year-old mother of the baby boy
12-hour shift. The RN is responsible for every aspect of care The mother of the girl
12. A nurse caring to a client with Alzheimer’s disease want any surgery or treatment because of religious beliefs
overheard a family member say to the client, “if you pee one about reincarnation. What is the role of the RN?
more time, I won’t give you any more food and drinks”. What
initial action is best for the nurse to take? call a family meeting
discuss the religious beliefs with the physician
Take no action because it is the family member saying that to encourage the client to have the surgery
the client inform the client of other options
Talk to the family member and explain that what she/he has 17. While in the hospital lobby, the RN overhears the three
said is not appropriate for the client staff discussing the health condition of her client. What
Give the family member the number for an Elder Abuse Hot would be the appropriate nursing action for the RN to take?
line
Document what the family member has said Tell them it is not appropriate to discuss the condition of the
13. Which is true about informed consent? client
Ignore them, because it is their right to discuss anything they
A nurse may accept responsibility signing a consent form if want to
the client is unable Join in the conversation, giving them supportive input about
Obtaining consent is not the responsibility of the physician the case of the client
A physician will not subject himself to liability if he withholds Report this incident to the nursing supervisor
any facts that are necessary to form the basis of an intelligent 18. A staff nurse has had a serious issue with her colleague. In
consent this situation, it is best to:
If the nurse witnesses a consent for surgery, the nurse is, in
effect, indicating that the signature is that of the purported Discuss this with the supervisor
person and that the person’s condition is as indicated at the Not discuss the issue with anyone. It will probably resolve
time of signing itself
14. A mother in labor told the nurse that she was expecting Try to discuss with the colleague about the issue and resolve
that her baby has no chance to survive and expects that the it when both are calmer
baby will be born dead. The mother accepts the fate of the Tell other members of the network what the team member
baby and informs the nurse that when the baby is born and did
requires resuscitation, the mother refuses any treatment to 19. The nurse is caring to a client who just gave birth to a
her baby and expresses hostility toward the nurse while the healthy baby boy. The nurse may not disclose confidential
pediatric team is taking care of the baby. The nurse is legally information when:
obligated to:
The nurse discusses the condition of the client in a clinical
Notify the pediatric team that the mother has refused conference with other nurses
resuscitation and any treatment for the baby and take the The client asks the nurse to discuss the her condition with the
baby to the mother family
Get a court order making the baby a ward of the court The father of a woman who just delivered a baby is on the
Record the statement of the mother, notify the pediatric phone to find out the sex of the baby
team, and observe carefully for signs of impaired bonding A researcher from an institutionally approved research study
and neglect as a reasonable suspicion of child abuse reviews the medical record of a patient
Do nothing except record the mother’s statement in the 20. A 17-year-old married client is scheduled for surgery. The
medical record nurse taking care of the client realizes that consent has not
15. The hospitalized client with a chronic cough is scheduled been signed after preoperative medications were given.
for bronchoscopy. The nurse is tasks to bring the informed What should the nurse do?
consent document into the client’s room for a signature. The
client asks the nurse for details of the procedure and Call the surgeon
demands an explanation why the process of informed Ask the spouse to sign the consent
consent is necessary. The nurse responds that informed Obtain a consent from the client as soon as possible
consent means: Get a verbal consent from the parents of the client
21. A 12-year-old client is admitted to the hospital. The
The patient releases the physician from all responsibility for physician ordered Dilantin to the client. In administering IV
the procedure. phenytoin (Dilantin) to a child, the nurse would be most
The immediate family may make decision against the correct in mixing it with:
patient’s will.
The physician must give the client or surrogates enough Normal Saline
information to make health care judgments consistent with Heparinized normal saline
their values and goals. 5% dextrose in water
The patient agrees to a procedure ordered by the physician Lactated Ringer’s solution
even if the client does not understand what the outcome will 22. The nurse is caring to a client who is hypotensive.
be. Following a large hematemesis, how should the nurse
16. A hospitalized client with severe necrotizing ulcer of the position the client?
lower leg is schedule for an amputation. The client tells the
nurse that he will not sign the consent form and he does not
Feet and legs elevated 20 degrees, trunk horizontal, head on Facial edema with ecchymosis and handprint mark: crackles
small pillow and wheezes
Low Fowler’s with knees gatched at 30 degrees Facial edema, with red marks; crackles in the lung
Supine with the head turned to the left Facial edema with ecchymosis that looks like a handprint
Bed sloped at a 45 degree angle with the head lowest and the Red bruise mark and ecchymosis on face
legs highest 30. On the evening shift, the triage nurse evaluates several
23. The client is brought to the emergency department after clients who were brought to the emergency department.
a serious accident. What would be the initial nursing action of Which in the following clients should receive highest priority?
the nurse to the client?
an elderly woman complaining of a loss of appetite and
assess the level of consciousness and circulation fatigue for the past week
check respirations, circulation, neurological response A football player limping and complaining of pain and
align the spine, check pupils, check for hemorrhage swelling in the right ankle
check respiration, stabilize spine, check circulation A 50-year-old man, diaphoretic and complaining of severe
24. A nurse is assigned to care to a client with Parkinson’s chest pain radiating to his jaw
disease. What interventions are important if the nurse wants A mother with a 5-year-old boy who says her son has been
to improve nutrition and promote effective swallowing of the complaining of nausea and vomited once since noon
client? 31. A 80-year-old female client is brought to the emergency
department by her caregiver, on the nurse’s assessment; the
Eat solid food following are the manifestations of the client: anorexia,
Give liquids with meals cachexia and multiple bruises. What would be the best
Feed the client nursing intervention?
Sit in an upright position to eat
25. During tracheal suctioning, the nurse should implement check the laboratory data for serum albumin, hematocrit,
safety measures. Which of the following should the nurse and hemoglobin
implements? talk to the client about the caregiver and support system
complete a police report on elder abuse
limit suction pressure to 150-180 mmHg complete a gastrointestinal and neurological assessment
suction for 15-20 seconds 32. The night shift nurse is making rounds. When the nurse
wear eye goggles enters a client’s room, the client is on the floor next to the
remove the inner cannula bed. What would be the initial action of the nurse?
26. The nurse is conducting a discharge instructions to a
client diagnosed with diabetes. What sign of hypoglycemia chart that the patient fell
should be taught to a client? call the physician
chart that the client was found on the floor next to the bed
warm, flushed skin fill out an incident report
hunger and thirst 33. The nurse on the night shift is about to administer
increase urinary output medication to a preschooler client and notes that the child
palpitation and weakness has no ID bracelet. The best way for the nurse to identify the
27. A client admitted to the hospital and diagnosed with client is to ask:
Addison’s disease. What would be the appropriate nursing
action to the client? The adult visiting, “The child’s name is
____________________?”
administering insulin-replacement therapy The child, “Is your name____________?”
providing a low-sodium diet Another staff nurse to identify this child
restricting fluids to 1500 ml/day The other children in the room what the child’s name is
reducing physical and emotional stress 34. The nurse caring to a client has completed the
28. The nurse is to perform tracheal suctioning. During assessment. Which of the following will be considered to be
tracheal suctioning, which nursing action is essential to the most accurate charting of a lump felt in the right breast?
prevent hypoxemia?
“abnormally felt area in the right breast, drainage noted”
aucultating the lungs to determine the baseline data to “hard nodular mass in right breast nipple”
assess the effectiveness of suctioning “firm mass at five ‘ clock, outer quadrant, 1cm from right
removing oral and nasal secretions nipple’
encouraging the patient to deep breathe and cough to “mass in the right breast 4cmx1cm
facilitate removal of upper-airway secretions 35. The physician instructed the nurse that intravenous
administering 100% oxygen to reduce the effects of airway pyelogram will be done to the client. The client asks the
obstruction during suctioning. nurse what is the purpose of the procedure. The appropriate
29. An infant is admitted and diagnosed with pneumonia and nursing response is to:
suspicious-looking red marks on the swollen face resembling
a handprint. The nurse does further assessment to the client. outline the kidney vasculature
How would the nurse document the finding? determine the size, shape, and placement of the kidneys
test renal tubular function and the patency of the urinary 42. After a birth, the physician cut the cord of the baby, and
tract before the baby is given to the mother, what would be the
measure renal blood flow initial nursing action of the nurse?
36. A client visits the clinic for screening of scoliosis. The
nurse should ask the client to: examine the infant for any observable abnormalities
confirm identification of the infant and apply bracelet to
bend all the way over and touch the toes mother and infant
stand up as straight and tall as possible instill prophylactic medication in the infant’s eyes
bend over at a 90-degree angle from the waist wrap the infant in a prewarmed blanket and cover the head
bend over at a 45-degree angle from the waist 43. A 2-year-old client is admitted to the hospital with severe
37. A client with tuberculosis is admitted in the hospital for 2 eczema lesions on the scalp, face, neck and arms. The client
weeks. When a client’s family members come to visit, they is scratching the affected areas. What would be the best
would be adhering to respiratory isolation precautions when nursing intervention to prevent the client from scratching the
they: affected areas?
both the areas that look red and feel raised “Get a weekly WBC count”
The entire area that feels itchy to the child “Do not share a bathroom with children or pregnant woman”
Only the area that looks reddened “Avoid contact with others while receiving chemotherapy”
Only the area that feels raised “Do frequent hand washing and maintain good hygiene”
41. A community health nurse is schedule to do home visit. 48. The nurse is assigned to care the client with infectious
She visits to an elderly person living alone. Which of the disease. The best antimicrobial agent for the nurse to use in
following observation would be a concern? handwashing is:
Heterosexual relationships “I should check the diaphragm carefully for holes every time I
A love relationship with the father use it.”
A dependency relationship with the father “The diaphragm must be left in place for at least 6 hours after
Close relationship with peers intercourse.”
22. A 5-year-old boy client is scheduled for hernia surgery. “I really need to use the diaphragm and jelly most during the
The nurse is preparing to do preoperative teaching with the middle of my menstrual cycle
child. The nurse should knows that the 5-year-old would: “I may need a different size diaphragm if I gain or lose more
than 20 pounds”
Expect a simple yet logical explanation regarding the surgery 28. The client visits the clinic for prenatal check-up. While
waiting for the physician, the nurse decided to conduct
health teaching to the client. The nurse informed the client statements is the appropriate nursing response to the
that primigravida mother should go to the hospital when mother?
which patter is evident?
“I will examine the child for symptoms of hepatitis B”
Contractions are 2-3 minutes apart, lasting 90 seconds, and “Your child will start the series again”
membranes have ruptured “Your child will get the next dose as soon as possible”
Contractions are 5-10 minutes apart, lasting 30 seconds, and “Your child will have a hepatitis titer done to determine if
are felt as strong menstrual cramps immunization has taken place.”
Contractions are 3-5 minutes apart, accompanied by rectal 34. The community health nurse implemented a new
pressure and bloody show program about effective breast cancer screening technique
Contractions are 5 minutes apart, lasting 60 seconds, and for the female personnel of the health department of
increasing in intensity Valenzuela. Which of the following technique should the
29. A nurse is planning a home visit program to a new mother nurse consider to be of the lowest priority?
who is 2 weeks postpartum and breastfeeding, the nurse
includes in her health teaching about the resumption of Yearly breast exam by a trained professional
fertility, contraception and sexual activity. Which of the Detailed health history to identify women at risk
following statement indicates that the mother has Screening mammogram every year for women over age 50
understood the teaching? Screening mammogram every 1-2 years for women over age
of 40.
“Because breastfeeding speeds the healing process after 35. Which of the following technique is considered an aseptic
birth, I can have sex right away and not worry about infection” practice during the home visit of the community health nurse?
“Because I am breastfeeding and my hormones are
decreased, I may need to use a vaginal lubricant when I have Wrapping used dressing in a plastic bag before placing them
sex” in the nursing bag
“After birth, you have to have a period before you can get Washing hands before removing equipment from the nursing
pregnant again’ bag
“Breastfeeding protects me from pregnancy because it keeps Using the client’s soap and cloth towel for hand washing
my hormones down, so I don’t need any contraception until I Placing the contaminated needles and syringes in a labeled
stop breastfeeding” container inside the nursing bag
30. A community nurse enters the home of the client for 36. The nurse is planning to conduct a home visit in a small
follow-up visit. Which of the following is the most community. Which of the following is the most important
appropriate area to place the nursing bag of the nurse when factor when planning the best time for a home care visit?
conducting a home visit?
Purpose of the home visit
cushioned footstool Preference of the patient’s family
bedside wood table Location of the patient’s home
kitchen countertop Length of time of the visit will take
living room sofa 37. The nurse assigned in the health center is counseling a
31. The nurse in the health center is making an assessment to 30-year-old client requesting oral contraceptives. The client
the infant client. The nurse notes some rashes and small tells the nurse that she has an active yeast infection that has
fluid-filled bumps in the skin. The nurse suspects that the recurred several times in the past year. Which statement by
infant has eczema. Which of the following is the most the nurse is inaccurate concerning health promotion actions
important nursing goal: to prevent recurring yeast infection?
Preventing infection “During treatment for yeast, avoid vaginal intercourse for
Providing for adequate nutrition one week”
Decreasing the itching “Wear loose-fitting cotton underwear”
Maintaining the comfort level “Avoid eating large amounts of sugar or sugar-bingeing”
32. The nurse in the health center is providing immunization “Douche once a day with a mild vinegar and water solution”
to the children. The nurse is carefully assessing the condition 38. During immunization week in the health center, the
of the children before giving the vaccines. Which of the parent of a 6-month-old infant asks the health nurse, “Why is
following would the nurse note to withhold the infant’s our baby going to receive so many immunizations over a long
scheduled immunizations? time period?” The best nursing response would be:
a dry cough “The number of immunizations your baby will receive shows
a skin rash how many pediatric communicable and infectious diseases
a low-grade fever can now be prevented.”
a runny nose “You need to ask the physician”
33. A mother brought her child in the health center for “The number of immunizations your baby will receive is
hepatitis B vaccination in a series. The mother informs the determined by your baby’s health history and age”
nurse that the child missed an appointment last month to “It is easier on your baby to receive several immunizations
have the third hepatitis B vaccination. Which of the following rather than one at a time”
39. The community health nurse is conducting a health 44. The department of health is promoting the breastfeeding
teaching about nutrition to a group of pregnant women who program to all newly mothers. The nurse is formulating a plan
are anemic and are lactose intolerant. Which of the following of care to a woman who gave birth to a baby girl. The nursing
foods should the nurse especially encourage during the third care plan for a breast-feeding mother takes into account that
trimester? breast-feeding is contraindicated when the woman:
Cheese, yogurt, and fish for protein and calcium needs plus Is pregnant
prenatal vitamins and iron supplements Has genital herpes infection
Prenatal iron and calcium supplements plus a regular adult Develops mastitis
diet Has inverted nipples
Red beans, green leafy vegetables, and fish for iron and 45. The City health department conducted a medical mission
calcium needs plus prenatal vitamins and iron supplements in Barangay Marulas. Majority of the children in the Barangay
Red meat, milk and eggs for iron and calcium needs plus Marulas were diagnosed with pinworms. The community
prenatal vitamins and iron supplements health nurse should anticipate that the children’s chief
40. A woman with active tuberculosis (TB) and has visited the complaint would be:
health center for regular therapy for five months wants to
become pregnant. The nurse knows that further information Lack of appetite
is necessary when the woman states: Severe itching of the scalp
Perianal itching
“Spontaneous abortion may occur in one out of five women Severe abdominal pain
who are infected” 46. The mother brought her daughter to the health center.
“Pulmonary TB may jeopardize my pregnancy” The child has head lice. The nurse anticipates that the nursing
“I know that I may not be able to have close contact with my diagnosis most closely correlated with this is:
baby until contagious is no longer a problem
“I can get pregnant after I have been free of TB for 6 months” Fluid volume deficit related to vomiting
41. The Department of Health is alarmed that almost 33 Altered body image related to alopecia
million people suffer from food poisoning every year. Altered comfort related to itching
Salmonella enteritis is responsible for almost 4 million cases Diversional activity deficit related to hospitalization
of food poisoning. One of the major goals is to promote 47. The mother brings a child to the health care clinic
proper food preparation. The community health nurse is because of severe headache and vomiting. During the
tasks to conduct health teaching about the prevention of assessment of the health care nurse, the temperature of the
food poisoning to a group of mother everyday. The nurse can child is 40 degree Celsius, and the nurse notes the presence
help identify signs and symptoms of specific organisms to of nuchal rigidity. The nurse is suspecting that the child might
help patients get appropriate treatment. Typical symptoms of be suffering from bacterial meningitis. The nurse continues to
salmonella include: assess the child for the presence of Kernig’s sign. Which
finding would indicate the presence of this sign?
Nausea, vomiting and paralysis
Bloody diarrhea Flexion of the hips when the neck is flexed from a lying
Diarrhea and abdominal cramps position
Nausea, vomiting and headache Calf pain when the foot is dorsiflexed
42. A community health nurse makes a home visit to an Inability of the child to extend the legs fully when lying supine
elderly person living alone in a small house. Which of the Pain when the chin is pulled down to the chest
following observation would be a great concern? 48. A community health nurse makes a home visit to a child
with an infectious and communicable disease. In planning
Big mirror in a wall care for the child, the nurse must determine that the primary
Scattered and unwashed dishes in the sink goal is that the:
Shiny floors with scattered rugs
Brightly lit rooms Child will experience mild discomfort
43. The health nurse is conducting health teaching about Child will experience only minor complications
“safe” sex to a group of high school students. Which of the Child will not spread the infection to others
following statement about the use of condoms should the Public health department will be notified
nurse avoid making? 49. The mother brings her daughter to the health care clinic.
The child was diagnosed with conjunctivitis. The nurse
“Condoms should be used because they can prevent infection provides health teaching to the mother about the proper
and because they may prevent pregnancy” care of her daughter while at home. Which statement by the
“Condoms should be used even if you have recently tested mother indicates a need for additional information?
negative for HIV”
“Condoms should be used every time you have sex because “I do not need to be concerned about the spreading of this
condoms prevent all forms of sexually transmitted diseases” infection to others in my family”
“Condoms should be used every time you have sex even if “I should apply warm compresses before instilling antibiotic
you are taking the pill because condoms can prevent the drops if purulent discharge is present in my daughter’s eye”
spread of HIV and gonorrhea” “I can use an ophthalmic analgesic ointment at nighttime if I
have eye discomfort”
“I should perform a saline eye irrigation before instilling, the 10. D. The recommended position to administer rectal
antibiotic drops into my daughter’s eye if purulent discharge medications to children is side-lying with the upper leg
is present” flexed. This position allows the nurse to safely and
50. A community health nurse is caring for a group of flood effectively administer the medication while promoting
victims in Marikina area. In planning for the potential needs comfort for the child.
of this group, which is the most immediate concern? 11. C. For a 12month-old child, 110 apical pulse rate is
normal and therefore it is safe to give the digoxin. A
Finding affordable housing for the group toddler’s normal pulse rate is slightly lower than an
Peer support through structured groups infant’s (120).
Setting up a 24-hour crisis center and hotline 12. B. Chest physiotherapy treatments are scheduled
Meeting the basic needs to ensure that adequate food, between meals to prevent aspiration of stomach
shelter and clothing are available contents, because the child is placed in a variety of
positions during the treatment process.
Answers and Rationales 13. C. It is common misconception that breastfeeding may
1. C. Nothing must be placed in the mouth of a toddler prevent pregnancy.
who just undergone a cleft palate repair until the 14. B. The “security blanket” is an important transitional
suture line has completely healed. It is the nurse’s object for the toddler. It provides a feeling of comfort
responsibility to inform the parent of the client. Spoon, and safety when the maternal figure is not present or
forks, straws, and tongue blades are other when in a new situation for which the toddler was not
unacceptable items to place in the mouth of a toddler prepared. Virtually any object (stuffed animal, doll,
who just undergone cleft palate repair. The general book etc) can become a security blanket for the
principle of care is that nothing should enter the toddler.
mouth until the suture line has completely healed. 15. D. Toddlers need to meet the developmental
2. D. The pancreatic capsules contain pancreatic enzyme milestone of autonomy versus shame and doubt. In
that should be administered in a cold, not a hot, order to accomplish this, the toddler must be able to
medium (example: chilled applesauce versus hot explore and manipulate the environment.
chocolate) to maintain the medication’s integrity. 16. D. The introduction of a baby into a family with one or
3. B. When oral iron preparations are given correctly, the more children challenges parent to promote
stools normally turn dark green or black. Parents of acceptance of the baby by siblings. The parent’s
children receiving this medication should be advised attitudes toward the arrival of the baby can set the
that this side effect indicates the medication is being stage for the other children’s reaction. Spending time
absorbed and is working well. with the older siblings alone will also reassure them of
4. C. Reviewing the number of prescription refills the their place in the family, even though the older
child has required over the last 6 months would be the children will have to eventually assume new positions
best indicator of how well controlled and thus how within the family hierarchy.
effective the child’s asthma treatment is. Breakthrough 17. D. The autonomous toddler would be frustrated by
wheezing, shortness of breath, and upper respiratory being confined to be. The pounding board and hammer
infections would require that the child take additional is developmentally appropriate and an excellent way
medication. This would be reflected in the number of for the toddler to release frustration.
prescription refills. 18. D. It is the developmental task of an 18-month-old
5. D. Tetracycline may cause a phototoxic reaction. toddler to explore and learn about the environment.
6. D. The normal heart rate of an infant is 120-160 beats The respiratory complications associated with cystic
per minute. fibrosis (which are present in almost all children with
7. C. Both gentamicin and chemotherapeutic agents can cystic fibrosis) could prevent this development task
cause renal impairment and acute renal failure; thus from occurring.
baseline renal function must be evaluated before 19. C. The best diversion for a hospitalized child aged 2-3
initiating either medication. years old would be anything that makes noise or
8. C. In selecting the correct needle to administer an IM makes a mess; xylophone which certainly makes noise
injection to a preschooler, the nurse should always or music would be the best choice.
look at the child and use judgment in evaluating 20. B. An 11-month-old child stands alone and can walk
muscle mass and amount of subcutaneous fat. In this holding onto people or objects. Therefore the
case, in the absence of further data, the nurse would installation of a gate at the top and bottom of any
be most correct in selecting a needle gauge and length stairs in the house is crucial for the child’s safety.
appropriate for the “average’ preschool child. A 21. D. In second grade a child needs to form a close
medium-gauge needle (21G) that is 1 inch long would relationships with peers.
be most appropriate. 22. B. A 5-year-old is highly concerned with body integrity.
9. C. The purpose of the salicylate therapy is to relieve The preschool-age child normally asks many questions
the pain associated with the migratory polyarthritis and in a situation such as this, could be expected to ask
accompanying the rheumatic fever. Playing mini piano even more.
would require movement of the child’s joints and 23. C. A 9-year-old enjoys working and feeling a sense of
would provide the nurse with a means of evaluating accomplishment. The school-age child also enjoys
the child’s level of pain. “showing off,” and doing something with the nurse on
the pediatric unit would allow this. This activity also
provides the school-age child a needed opportunity to 39. C. This is appropriate foods that are high in iron and
interact with others in the absence of school and calcium but would not affect lactose intolerance.
personal friends. 40. D. Intervention is needed when the woman thinks that
24. B. Adolescents do feel indestructible, and this is she needs to wait only 6 months after being free of TB
reflected in many risk-taking behaviors. before she can get pregnant. She needs to wait 1.5-
25. D. An 8-month-old infant both recognizes and is fearful 2years after she is declared to be free of TB before she
of strangers. This developmental milestone is known should attempt pregnancy.
as “stranger anxiety”. 41. C. Salmonella organisms cause lower GI symptoms
26. A. The basal body temperature (BBT) is the lowest 42. C. It is a safety hazard to have shiny floors and
body temperature of a healthy person that is taken scattered rugs because they can cause falls and rugs
immediately after waking and before getting out of should be removed.
bed. The BBT usually varies from 36.2 – 36.3 degree 43. C. Condoms do not prevent ALL forms of sexually
Celsius during menses and for about 5-7 days transmitted diseases.
afterward. About the time of ovulation, a slight drop 44. A. Pregnancy is one contraindication to breast-feeding.
approximately 0.05 degree Celsius in temperature may Milk secretion is inhibited and the baby’s sucking may
be seen; after ovulation, in concert with the increasing stimulate uterine contractions.
progesterone levels of the early luteal phase, the BBT 45. C. Perianal itching is the child’s chief complaint
rises 0.2-0.4 degree Celsius. This elevation remains associated with the diagnosis of pinworms. The itching,
until 2-3 days before menstruation, or if pregnancy has in this instance, is often described as being “intense” in
occurred. nature. Pinworms infestation usually occurs because
27. C. The woman must understand that, although the the child is in the anus-to-mouth stage of development
“fertile” period is approximately midcycle, hormonal (child uses the toilet, does not wash hands, places
variations do occur and can result in early or late hands and pinworm eggs in mouth). Teaching the child
ovulations. To be effective, the diaphragm should be hand washing before eating and after using the toilet
inserted before every intercourse. can assist in breaking the cycle.
28. D. Although instructions vary among birth centers, 46. C. Severe itching of the scalp is the classic sign and
primigravidas should seek care when regular symptom of head lice in a child. In turn, this would
contractions are felt about 5 minutes apart, becoming lead to the nursing diagnosis of “altered comfort”.
longer and stronger. 47. C. Kernig’s sign is the inability of the child to extend
29. B. Prolactin suppresses estrogen, which is needed to the legs fully when lying supine. This sign is frequently
stimulate vaginal lubrication during arousal. present in bacterial meningitis. Nuchal rigidity is also
30. B. A wood surface provides the least chance for present in bacterial meningitis and occurs when pain
organisms to be present. prevents the child from touching the chin to the chest.
31. A. Preventing infection in the infant with eczema is the 48. C. The primary goal is to prevent the spread of the
nurse’s most important goal. The infant with eczema is disease to others. The child should experience no
at high risk for infection due to numerous breaks in the complication. Although the health department may
skin’s integrity. Intact skin is always the infant’s first need to be notified at some point, it is no the primary
line of defense against infection. goal. It is also important to prevent discomfort as
32. B. A skin rash could indicate a concurrent infectious much as possible.
disease process in the infant. The scheduled 49. A. Conjunctivitis is highly contagious. Antibiotic drops
immunizations should be withheld until the status of are usually administered four times a day. When
the infant’s health can be determined. Fevers above purulent discharge is present, saline eye irrigations or
38.5 degrees Celsius, alteration in skin integrity, and eye applications of warm compresses may be
infectious-appearing secretions are indications to necessary before instilling the medication. Ophthalmic
withhold immunizations. analgesic ointment or drops may be instilled, especially
33. C. Continuity is essential to promote active immunity at bedtime, because discomfort becomes more
and give hepatitis B lifelong prophylaxis. Optimally, the noticeable when the eyelids are closed.
third vaccination is given 6 months after the first. 50. D. The question asks about the immediate concern.
34. B. Because of the high incidence of breast cancer, all The ABCs of community health care are always
women are considered to be at risk regardless of attending to people’s basic needs of food, shelter, and
health history. clothing
35. B. Handwashing is the best way to prevent the spread
of infection. PNLE III Nursing Practice
36. A. The purpose of the visit takes priority. The scope of this Nursing Test III is parallel to the NP3 NLE
37. D. Frequent douching interferes with the natural Coverage:
protective barriers in the vagina that resist yeast Medical Surgical Nursing
infection and should be avoided.
38. A. Completion for the recommended schedule of infant 1. The nurse is going to replace the Pleur-O-Vac attached to
immunizations does not require a large number of the client with a small, persistent left upper lobe
immunizations, but it also provides protection against pneumothorax with a Heimlich Flutter Valve. Which of the
multiple pediatric communicable and infectious following is the best rationale for this?
diseases.
Promote air and pleural drainage
Prevent kinking of the tube
Eliminate the need for a dressing Positioning the client in Semi-Fowler’s position
Eliminate the need for a water-seal drainage Administering a sedative to reduce anxiety
2. The client with acute pancreatitis and fluid volume deficit Chilling the tube before insertion
is transferred from the ward to the ICU. Which of the Warming the tube before insertion
following will alert the nurse? 9. The physician ordered a low-sodium diet to the client.
Which of the following food will the nurse avoid to give to
Decreased pain in the fetal position the client?
Urine output of 35mL/hr
CVP of 12 mmHg Orange juice.
Cardiac output of 5L/min Whole milk.
3. The nurse in the morning shift is making rounds in the Ginger ale.
ward. The nurse enters the client’s room and found the client Black coffee.
in discomfort condition. The client complains of stiffness in 10. Mr. Bean, a 70-year-old client is admitted in the hospital
the joints. To reduce the early morning stiffness of the joints for almost one month. The nurse understands that prolonged
of the client,the nurse can encourage the client to: immobilization could lead to decubitus ulcers. Which of the
following would be the least appropriate nursing intervention
Sleep with a hot pad in the prevention of decubitus?
Take to aspirins before arising, and wait 15 minutes before
attempting locomotion Giving backrubs with alcohol
Take a hot tub bath or shower in the morning Use of a bed cradle
Put joints through passive ROM before trying to move them Frequent assessment of the skin
actively Encouraging a high-protein diet
4. The nurse is planning of care to a client with peptic ulcer 11. The physician prescribed digoxin 0.125 mg PO qd to a
disease. To avoid the worsening condition of the client, the client and instructed the nurse that the client is on high-
nurse should carefully plan the diet of the client. Which of potassium diet. High potassium foods are recommended in
the following will be included in the diet regime of the client? the diet of a client taking digitalis preparations because a low
serum potassium has which of the following effects?
Eating mainly bland food and milk or dairy products
Reducing intake of high-fiber foods Potentiates the action of digoxin
Eating small, frequent meals and a bedtime snack Promotes calcium retention
Eliminating intake of alcohol and coffee Promotes sodium excretion
5. The physician has given instruction to the nurse that the Puts the client at risk for digitalis toxicity
client can be ambulated on crutches, with no weight bearing 12. The nurse is caring for a client who is transferred from
on the affected limb. The nurse is aware that the appropriate the operating room for pneumonectomy. The nurse knows
crutch gait for the nurse to teach the client would be: that immediately following pneumonectomy; the client
should be in what position?
Tripod gait
Two-point gait Supine on the unaffected side
Four-point gait Low-Fowler’s on the back
Three-point gait Semi-Fowler’s on the affected side
6. The client is transferred to the nursing care unit from the Semi-Fowler’s on the unaffected side
operating room after a transurethral resection of the 13. A client is placed on digoxin, high potassium foods are
prostate. The client is complaining of pain in the abdomen recommended in the diet of the client. Which of the
area. The nurse suspects of bladder spasms, which of the following foods willthe nurse give to the client?
following is the best nursing action to minimize the pain felt
by the client? Whole grain cereal, orange juice, and apricots
Turkey, green bean, and Italian bread
Advising the client not to urinate around catheter Cottage cheese, cooked broccoli, and roast beef
Intermittent catheter irrigation with saline Fish, green beans and cherry pie
Giving prescribed narcotics every 4 hour 14. The nurse is assigned to care to a client who undergone
Repositioning catheter to relieve pressure thyroidectomy. What nursing intervention is important
7. A client is diagnosed with peptic ulcer. The nurse caring for during the immediate postoperative period following a
the client expects the physician to order which diet? thyroidectomy?
Elevate the stump on a pillow for the first 24 hours Rub the client’s back until relaxed
Encourage use of trapeze Prepare a glass of warm milk
Position the client prone periodically Give the second dose of pentobarbital sodium
Apply a cone-shaped dressing Explore the client’s feelings about surgery
34. A client with a diagnosis of gastric ulcer is complaining of 40. The nurse on the night shift is making rounds in the
syncope and vertigo. What would be the initial nursing nursing care unit. The nurse is about to enter to the client’s
intervention by the nurse? room when a ventilator alarm sounds, what is the first action
the nurse should do?
Monitor the client’s vital signs
Keep the client on bed rest Assess the lung sounds
Keep the patient on bed rest Suction the client right away
Give a stat dose of Sucralfate (Carafate) Look at the client
Turn and position the client
41. What effective precautions should the nurse use to
control the transmission of methicillin-resistant Call the physician
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)? Give a prn pain medication
Clarify if the client is on a new medication
Use gloves and handwashing before and after client contact Use gown and gloves while assessing the lesions
Do nasal cultures on healthcare providers 48. A client is admitted and has been diagnosed with
Place the client on total isolation bacterial (meningococcal) meningitis. The infection control
Use mask and gown during care of the MRSA client registered nurse visits the staff nurse caring to the client.
42. The postoperative gastrectomy client is scheduled for What statement made by the nurse reflects an understanding
discharge. The client asks the nurse, “When I will be allowed of the management of this client?
to eat three meals a day like the rest of my family?”. The
appropriate nursing response is: speech pattern may be altered
Respiratory isolation is necessary for 24 hours after
“You will probably have to eat six meals a day for the rest of antibiotics are started
your life.” Perform skin culture on the macular popular rash
“Eating six meals a day can be a bother, can’t it?” Expect abnormal general muscle contractions
“Some clients can tolerate three meals a day by the time they 49. A 18-year-old male client had sustained a head injury
leave the hospital. Maybe it will be a little longer for you.” from a motorbike accident. It is uncertain whether the client
“ It varies from client to client, but generally in 6-12 months may have minimal but permanent disability. The family is
most clients can return to their previous meal patterns” concerned regarding the client’s difficulty accepting the
43. A male client with cirrhosis is complaining of belly pain, possibility of long term effects. Which nursing diagnosis is
itchiness and his breasts are getting larger and also the best for this situation?
abdomen. The client is so upset because of the discomfort
and asks the nurse why his breast and abdomen are getting Nutrition, less than body requirements
larger. Which of the following is the appropriate nursing Injury, potential for sensory-perceptual alterations
response? Impaired mobility, related to muscle weakness
Anticipatory grieving, due to the loss of independence
“How much of a difference have you noticed” 50. A client with AIDS is scheduled for discharge. The client
“It’s part of the swelling your body is experiencing” tells the nurse that one of his hobbies at home is gardening.
“It’s probably because you have been less physically active” What will be the discharge instruction of the nurse to the
“Your liver is not destroying estrogen hormones that all men client knowing that the client is prone to toxoplasmosis?
produce”
44. A client is diagnosed with detached retina and scheduled Wash all vegetables before cooking
for surgery. Preoperative teaching of the nurse to the client Wear gloves when gardening
includes: Wear a mask when travelling to foreign countries
Avoid contact with cats and birds
No eye pain is expected postoperatively
Semi-fowler’s position will be used to reduce pressure in the Answers and Rationales
eye. 1. D. The Heimlich flutter valve has a one-way valve that
Eye patches may be used postoperatively allows air and fluid to drain. Underwater seal drainage
Return of normal vision is expected following surgery is not necessary. This can be connected to a drainage
45. A 70-year-old client is brought to the emergency bag for the patient’s mobility. The absence of a long
department with a caregiver. The client has manifestations of drainage tubing and the presence of a one-way valve
anorexia, wasting of muscles and multiple bruises. What promote effective therapy
nursing interventions would the nurse implement? 2. C. C = the normal CVP is 0-8 mmHg. This value reflects
hypervolemia. The right ventricular function of this
Talk to the client about the caregiver and support system client reflects fluid volume overload, and the physician
Complete a gastrointestinal and neurological assessment should be notified.
Check the lab data for serum albumin, hematocrit and 3. C. A hot tub bath or shower in the morning helps many
hemoglobin patients limber up and reduces the symptoms of early
Complete a police report on elder abuse morning stiffness. Cold and ice packs are used to a
46. A nurse is providing a discharge instruction to the client lesser degree, though some clients state that cold
about the self-catheterization at home. Which of the decreases localized pain, particularly during acute
following instructions would the nurse include? attacks.
4. D. These substances stimulate the production of
Wash the catheter with soap and water after each use hydrochloric acid, which is detrimental in peptic ulcer
Lubricate the catheter with Vaseline disease.
Perform the Valsalva maneuver to promote insertion 5. D. The three-point gait is appropriate when weight
Replace the catheter with a new one every 24 hour bearing is not allowed on the affected limb. The swing-
47. The nurse in the nursing care unit is assigned to care to a to and swing-through crutch gaits may also be used
client who is Immunocompromised. The client tells the nurse when only one leg can be used for weight bearing
that his chest is painful and the blisters are itchy. What would 6. A. The client needs to be told before surgery that the
be the nursing intervention to this client? catheter causes the urge to void. Attempts to void
around the catheter cause the bladder muscles to 25. D. Physical assessment guidelines recommend listening
contract and result in painful spasms. for atleast 2 minutes in each quadrant (and up to 5
7. B. Bland feedings should be given in small amounts on minutes, not at least 5 minutes).
a frequent basis to neutralize the hydrochloric acid and 26. A. Compression stockings promote venous return and
to prevent overload prevent peripheral pooling.
8. C. Chilling the tube before insertion assists in relieving 27. A. Placing food in the unaffected side of the mouth
some of the nasal discomfort. Water-soluble lubricants assists in the swallowing process because the client
along with viscous lidocaine (Xylocaine) may also be has sensation on that side and will have more control
used. It is usually only lightly lubricated before over the swallowing process.
insertion 28. D. Daily weights are taken following nephrectomy.
9. B. Whole milk should be avoided to include in the Daily increases of 2 lb or more are indicative of fluid
client’s diet because it has 120 mg of sodium in 8 0z of retention and should be reported to the physician.
milk. Intake and output records may also reflect this
10. A. Alcohol is extremely drying and contributes to skin imbalance.
break down. An emollient lotion should be used. 29. A. Clients with cirrhosis have already coagulation due
11. D. Potassium influences the excitability of nerves and to thrombocytopenia and vitamin K deficiency. This
muscles. When potassium is low and the client is on could be a sign of bleeding
digoxin, the risk of digoxin toxicity is increased. 30. B. Exercise enhances glucose uptake, and the client is
12. C. This position allows maximum expansion, at risk for an insulin reaction. Snacks with
ventilation, and perfusion of the remaining lung. carbohydrates will help.
13. A. These foods are high in potassium 31. C. These are symptoms of diabetes insipidus. The
14. B. Stress on the suture line should be avoided. Prevent patient can become hypovolemic and vasopressin may
flexion or hyperextension of the neck, and provide a reverse the Polyuria.
small pillow under thehead and neck. Neck muscles 32. D. Peripheral neuropathy refers to nerve damage of
have been affected during a thyroidectomy, support the hands and feet. The client did not notice that the
essential for comfort and incisional support. object pierced the skin.
15. A. A positive nitrogen balance is important for meeting 33. A. The elevation of the stump on a pillow for the first
metabolic needs, tissue repair, and resistance to 24 hours decreases edema and increases venous return.
infection. Caloric goals may be as high as 5000 calories 34. B. The priority is to maintain client’s safety. With
per day. syncope and vertigo, the client is at high risk for falling.
16. C. The best early intervention would be to increase 35. D. Coughing and deep breathing are essential for re-
fluid intake, because constipation is common when expansion of the lung
activity is decreased or usual routines have been 36. B. Avoiding stasis of urine by emptying the bladder
interrupted. every 2-4 hours will prevent overdistention of the
17. A. Because the client’s ability is to react to stress is bladder and future urinary tract infections.
decreased, maintaining a quiet environment becomes 37. D. If infected, the sex partner must be evaluated and
A nursing priority. Dehydration is a common problem treated
in Addison’s disease, so close observation of the 38. A. A 1:10 solution of household bleach and water is
client’s hydration level is crucial. To promote optimal recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and
hydration and sodium intake, fluid intake is increased, Prevention to kill the human immunodeficiency virus
particularly fluid containing electrolytes, such as (HIV).
broths, carbonated beverages, and juices. 39. D. Given the data, presurgical anxiety is suspected. The
18. C. At about 48-72 hours, the client must be turned client needs an opportunity to talk about concerns
onto the abdomen to prevent flexion contractures. related to surgery before further actions (which may
19. B. The client should not drive for 2 weeks after surgery mask the anxiety).
to avoid stress on the incision. This reflects a need for 40. C. A quick look at the client can help identify the type
additional teaching. and cause of the ventilator alarm. Disconnection of the
20. A. Extremes in heat and cold will exacerbate symptoms. tube from the ventilator, bronchospasm, and anxiety
Heat delays transmission of impulses and increases are some of the obvious reasons that could trigger an
fatigue. alarm.
21. A. Vigilant implementation of standard precautions 41. A. Contact isolation has been advised by the Centers
and medical asepsis is an effective means of for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to control
preventing infection transmission of MRSA, which includes gloves and
22. C. Noncompliance is a major problem in the handwashing.
management of chronic disease. In hypertension, the 42. D. In response to the question of the client, the nurse
client often does not feel ill and thus does not see a needs to provide brief, accurate information. Some
need to follow a treatment regimen. clients who have had gastrectomies are able to
23. B. An accumulation of blood from the kidney into the tolerate three meals a day before discharge from the
abdomen would manifest itself with these symptoms hospital. However, for the majority of clients, it takes
24. D. Fluids liquefy secretions and therefore make it 6-12 months before their surgically reduced stomach
easier to expectorate has stretched enough to accommodate a larger meal.
43. A. This allows the client to elaborate his concern and
provides the nurse a baseline of assessment
44. C. Use of eye patches may be continued
postoperatively, depending on surgeon preference. Visual hallucinations.
This is done to achieve >90% success rate of the Receptive aphasia.
surgery. Hemiparesis.
45. B. Assessment and more data collection are needed. Personality changes.
The client may have gastrointestinal or neurological 5. A client with Addison’s disease has a blood pressure of
problems that account for the symptoms. The anorexia 65/60. The nurse understands that decreased blood pressure
could result from medications, poor dentition, or of the client with Addison’s disease involves a disturbance in
indigestion, the bruises may be attributed to ataxia, the production of:
frequent falls, vertigo, or medication.
46. A. The catheter should be washed with soap and water Androgens
after withdrawal and placed in a clean container. It can Glucocorticoids
be reused until it is too hard or too soft for insertion. Mineralocorticoids
Self-care, prevention of complications, and cost- Estrogen
effectiveness are important in home management. 6. The nurse is planning to teach the client about a
47. D. The client may have herpes zoster (shingles), a viral spontaneous pneumothorax. The nurse would base the
infection. The nurse should use standard precautions teaching on the understanding that:
in assessing the lesions. Immunocompromised clients
are at risk for infection. Inspired air will move from the lung into the pleural space.
48. B. After a minimum of 24 hours of IV antibiotics, the There is greater negative pressure within the chest cavity.
client is no longer considered communicable. The heart and great vessels shift to the affected side.
Evaluation of the nurse’s knowledge is needed for safe The other lung will collapse if not treated immediately.
care and continuity of care. 7. During an assessment, the nurse recognizes that the client
49. D. Stem of the question supports this choice by stating has an increased risk for developing cancer of the tongue.
that the client has difficulty accepting the potential Which of the following health history will be a concern?
disability.
50. B. Toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection and a Heavy consumption of alcohol.
parasite of birds and mammals. The oocysts remain Frequent gum chewing.
infectious in moist soil for about 1 year. Nail biting.
Poor dental habits.
PNLE IV Nursing Practice 8. The client in the orthopedic unit asks the nurse the reason
The scope of this Nursing Test IV is parallel to the NP4 NLE behind why compact bone is stronger than cancellous bone.
Coverage: Which of the following is the correct response of the nurse?
Medical Surgical Nursing
Compact bone is stronger than cancellous bone because of
1. Following spinal injury, the nurse should encourage the its greater size.
client to drink fluids to avoid: Compact bone is stronger than cancellous bone because of
its greater weight.
Urinary tract infection. Compact bone is stronger than cancellous bone because of
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance. its greater volume.
Dehydration. Compact bone is stronger than cancellous bone because of
Skin breakdown. its greater density.
2. The client is transferred from the operating room to 9. The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of the client.
recovery room after an open-heart surgery. The nurse In reviewing the results of the RBC count, the nurse
assigned is taking the vital signs of the client. The nurse understands that the higher the red blood cell count, the :
notified the physician when the temperature of the client
rises to 38.8 ºC or 102 ºF because elevated temperatures: Greater the blood viscosity.
Higher the blood pH.
May be a forerunner of hemorrhage. Less it contributes to immunity.
Are related to diaphoresis and possible chilling. Lower the hematocrit.
May indicate cerebral edema. 10. The physician advised the client with Hemiparesis to use a
Increase the cardiac output. cane. The client asks the nurse why cane will be needed. The
3. After radiation therapy for cancer of the prostate, the nurse explains to the client that cane is advised specifically to:
client experienced irritation in the bladder. Which of the
following sign of bladder irritability is correct? Aid in controlling involuntary muscle movements.
Relieve pressure on weight-bearing joints.
Hematuria Maintain balance and improve stability.
Dysuria Prevent further injury to weakened muscles.
Polyuria 11. The nurse is conducting a discharge teaching regarding
Dribbling the prevention of further problems to a client who
4. A client is diagnosed with a brain tumor in the occipital undergone surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome of the right
lobe. Which of the following will the client most likely hand. Which of the following instruction will the nurse
experience? includes?
Have arterial blood gases performed again to check for
Learn to type using your left hand only. accuracy.
Avoid typing in a long period of time. Increase the oxygen flow rate.
Avoid carrying heavy things using the right hand. Notify the physician.
Do manual stretching exercise during breaks. Decrease the tension of oxygen in the plasma.
12. A female client is admitted because of recurrent urinary 18. An 18-year-old college student is brought to the
tract infections. The client asks the nurse why she is prone to emergency department due to serious motor vehicle
this disease. The nurse states that the client is most accident. Right above-knee-amputation is done. Upon
susceptible because of: awakening from surgery the client tells the nurse, “What
happened to me? I cannot remember anything?” Which of
Continuity of the mucous membrane. the following would be the appropriate initial nursing
Inadequate fluid intake. response?
The length of the urethra.
Poor hygienic practices. “You sound concerned; You’ll probably remember more as
13. A 55-year-old client is admitted with chest pain that you wake up.”
radiates to the neck, jaw and shoulders that occurs at rest, “Tell me what you think happened.”
with high body temperature, weak with generalized sweating “You were in a car accident this morning.”
and with decreased blood pressure. A myocardial infarction is “An amputation of your right leg was necessary because of
diagnosed. The nurse knows that the most accurate an accident.”
explanation for one of these presenting adaptations is: 19. A 38-year-old client with severe hypertension is
hospitalized. The physician prescribed a Captopril (Capoten)
Catecholamines released at the site of the infarction causes and Alprazolam (Xanax) for treatment. The client tells the
intermittent localized pain. nurse that there is something wrong with the medication and
Parasympathetic reflexes from the infarcted myocardium nursing care. The nurse recognizes this behavior is probably a
causes diaphoresis. manifestation of the client’s:
Constriction of central and peripheral blood vessels causes a
decrease in blood pressure. Reaction to hypertensive medications.
Inflammation in the myocardium causes a rise in the systemic Denial of illness.
body temperature. Response to cerebral anoxia.
14. Following an amputation of a lower limb to a male client, Fear of the health problem.
the nurse provides an instruction on how to prevent a hip 20. Before discharge, the nurse scheduled the client who had
flexion contracture. The nurse should instruct the client to:. a colostomy for colorectal cancer for discharge instruction
about resuming activities. The nurse should plan to help the
Perform quadriceps muscle setting exercises twice a day. client understands that:
Sit in a chair for 30 minutes three times a day.
Lie on the abdomen 30 minutes every four hours. After surgery, changes in activities must be made to
Turn from side to side every 2 hours. accommodate for the physiologic changes caused by the
15. The physician scheduled the client with rheumatoid operation.
arthritis for the injection of hydrocortisone into the knee Most sports activities, except for swimming, can be resumed
joint. The client asks the nurse why there is a need for this based on the client’s overall physical condition.
injection. The nurse explains that the most important reason With counseling and medical guidance, a near normal
for doing this is to: lifestyle, including complete sexual function is possible.
Activities of daily living should be resumed as quickly as
Lubricate the joint. possible to avoid depression and further dependency.
Prevent ankylosis of the joint. 21. A client is scheduled for bariatric surgery. Preoperative
Reduce inflammation. teaching is done. Which of the following statement would
Provide physiotherapy. alert the nurse that further teaching to the client is necessary?
16. The nurse is assigned to care for a 57-year-old female
client who had a cataract surgery an hour ago. The nurse “I will be limiting my intake to 600 to 800 calories a day once
should: I start eating again.”
“I’m going to have a figure like a model in about a year.”
Advise the client to refrain from vigorous brushing of teeth “I need to eat more high-protein foods.”
and hair. “I will be going to be out of bed and sitting in a chair the first
Instruct the client to avoid driving for 2 weeks. day after surgery.”.
Encourage eye exercises to strengthen the ocular 22. The client who had transverse colostomy asks the nurse
musculature. about the possible effect of the surgery on future sexual
Teach the client coughing and deep-breathing techniques. relationship. What would be the best nursing response?
17. A client with AIDS develops bacterial pneumonia is
admitted in the emergency department. The client’s arterial The surgery will temporarily decrease the client’s sexual
blood gases is drawn and the result is PaO2 80mmHg. then impulses.
arterial blood gases are drawn again and the level is reduced Sexual relationships must be curtailed for several weeks.
from 80 mmHg to 65 mmHg. The nurse should; The partner should be told about the surgery before any
sexual activity.
The client will be able to resume normal sexual relationships.
23. A 75-year-old male client tells the nurse that his wife has Increasing the number of tablets if dizziness or hypertension
osteoporosis and asks what chances he had of getting also occurs.
osteoporosis like his wife. Which of the following is the Limiting the number of tablets to 4 per day.
correct response of the nurse? Making certain the medication is stored in a dark container.
Discontinuing the medication if a headache develops.
“This is only a problem for women.” 31. The physician prescribes Ibuprofen (Motrin) and
“You are not at risk because of your small frame.” hydroxychloroquine sulfate (Plaquenil) for a 58-year-old male
“You might think about having a bone density test,” client with arthritis. The nurse provides information about
“Exercise is a good way to prevent this problem.” toxicity of the hydroxychloroquine. The nurse can determine
24. An older adult client with acute pain is admitted in the if the information is clearly understood if the client states:
hospital. The nurse understands that in managing acute pain
of the client during the first 24 hours, the nurse should “I will contact the physician immediately if I develop blurred
ensure that: vision.”
“I will contact the physician immediately if I develop urinary
Ordered PRN analgesics are administered on a scheduled retention.”
basis. “I will contact the physician immediately if I develop
Patient controlled analgesia is avoided in this population. swallowing difficulty.”
Pain medication is ordered via the intramuscular route. “I will contact the physician immediately if I develop feelings
An order for meperidine (Demerol) is secured for pain relief. of irritability.”
25. A nurse is caring to an older adult with presbycusis. In 32. The client with an acute myocardial infarction is
formulating nursing care plan for this client, the nurse should hospitalized for almost one week. The client experiences
expect that hearing loss of the client that is caused by aging nausea and loss of appetite. The nurse caring for the client
to have: recognizes that these symptoms may indicate the:
Constipation, increased appetite. Mention that the “voices” would want the client to
Anorexia, insomnia. participate.
Diarrhea, anger. Demand that the client must join a group activity.
Verbosity, increased social interaction. Give the client a long explanation of the benefits of activity.
26. The client in the psychiatric unit states that, “The goodas Tell the client that the nurse needs a partner for an activity.
are coming! I must be ready.” In response to this neologism, 33. A nurse is going to give a rectal suppository as a
the nurse’s initial response is to: preoperative medication to a 4-year-old boy. The boy is very
anxious and frightened. Which of the following statement by
Acknowledge that the word has some special meaning for the the nurse would be most appropriate to gain the child’s
client. cooperation?
Try to interpret what the client means.
Divert the client’s attention to an aspect of reality. “Be a big kid! Everyone’s waiting for you.”
State that what the client is saying has not been understood “Lie still now and I’ll let you have one of your presents before
and then divert attention to something that is really bound. you even have your operation.”
27. A male client diagnosed with depression tells the nurse, “I “Take a nice, big, deep breath and then let me hear you
don’t want to look weak and I don’t even cry because my count to five.”
wife and my kids can’t bear it.” The nurse understands that “You look so scared. Want to know a secret? This won’t hurt
this is an example of: a bit!”
34. A depressed client is on an MAO inhibitor? What should
Repression. the nurse watch out for?
Suppression.
Undoing. Hypertensive crisis.
Rationalization. Diet restrictions.
28. A female client tells the nurse that she is afraid to go out Taking medication with meals.
from her room because she thinks that the other client might Exposure to sunlight.
kill her. The nurse is aware that this behavior is related to: 35. A 16-year-old girl is admitted for treatment of a fracture.
The client shares to the nurse caring to her that her step-
Hallucination. father has made sexual advances to her. She got the chance
Ideas of reference. to tell it to her mother but refuses to believe. What is the
Delusion of persecution. most therapeutic action of the nurse would be:
Illusion.
29. A female client is taking Imipramine HCI (Tofranil) for Tell the client to work it out with her father.
almost 1 week and shows less awareness of the physical body. Tell the client to discuss it with her mother.
What problem would the nurse be most concerned? Ask the father about it.
Ask the mother what she thinks.
Nausea. 36. A client with a diagnosis of paranoid disorder is admitted
Gait disturbances. in the psychiatric hospital. The client tells the nurse, “the FBI
Bowel movements. is following me. These people are plotting against me.” With
Voiding. this statement the nurse will need to:
Acknowledge that this is the client’s belief but not the nurse’s Gratify the client’s inner needs.
belief. Give the client opportunities to test reality.
Ask how that makes the client feel. Provide external controls.
Show the client that no one is behind. Reinforce the client’s self-concept.
Use logic to help the client doubt this belief. 43. A 55-year-old male client tells the nurse that he needs his
37. A nurse is completing the routine physical examination to glasses and hearing aid with him in the recovery room after
a healthy 16-year-old male client. The client shares to the the surgery, or he will be upset for not granting his request.
nurse that he feels like killing his girlfriend because he found What is the appropriate nursing response?
out that her girlfriend had another boyfriend. He then laughs,
and asks the nurse to keep this a secret just between the two “Do you get upset and confused often?”
of them. The nurse reviews his chart and notes that there is “You won’t need your glasses or hearing aid. The nurses will
no previously history of violence or psychiatric illness. Which take care of you.”
of the following would be the best action of the nurse to take “I understand. You will be able to cooperate best if you know
at this time? what is going on, so I will find out how I can arrange to have
your glasses and hearing aid available to you in the recovery
Suggest the teen meet with a counselor to discuss his feelings room.”
about his girlfriend. I understand you might be more cooperative if you have your
Tell the teen that his feelings are normal, and recommend aid and glasses, but that is just not possible. Rules, you know.”
that he find another girlfriend to take his mind off the 44. The male client had fight with his roommates in the
problem. psychiatric unit. The client agitated client is placed in
Recall the teenage boys often say things they really do not isolation for seclusion. The nurse knows it is essential that:
mean and ignore the comment.
Regard the comment seriously and notify the teen’s primary A staff member has frequent contacts with the client.
health care provider and parents Restraints are applied.
38. Which of the following person will be at highest risk for The client is allowed to come out after 4 hours.
suicide? All the furniture is removed form the isolation room.
45. A medical representative comes to the hospital unit for
A student at exam time the promotion of a new product. A female client, admitted
A married woman, age 40, with 6 children. for hysterical behavior, is found embracing him. What should
A person who is an alcoholic. the nurse say?
A person who made a previous suicide attempt.
39. A male client is repetitively doing the handwashing every “Have you considered birth control?”
time he touches things. It is important for a nurse to “This isn’t the purpose of either of you being here.”
understand that the client’s behavior is probably an attempt “I see you’ve made a new friend.”
to: “Think about what you are doing.”
46. A client with dementia is for discharge. The nurse is
Seek attention from the staff. providing a discharge instruction to the family member
Control unacceptable impulses or feelings. regarding safety measures at home. What suggestion can the
Do what the voices the patient hears tell him or her to do. nurse make to the family members?
Punish himself or herself for guilt feeling.
40. In a mental health settings, the basic goal of nursing is to: Avoid stairs without banisters.
Use restraints while the client is in bed to keep him or her
Advance the science of psychiatry by initiating research and from wandering off during the night.
gathering data for current statistics on emotional illness. Use restraints while the client is sitting in a chair to keep him
Plan activity programs for clients. or her from wandering off during the day.
Understand various types of family therapy and psychological Provide a night-light and a big clock.
tests and how to interpret them. 47. A 30-year-old married woman comes to the hospital for
Maintain a therapeutic environment. treatment of fractures. The woman tells the nurse that she
41. A 3-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department. was physically abused by her husband. The woman receives a
After an hour, the boy dies of respiratory failure. The mother call from her husband telling her to get home and things will
of the boy becomes upset, shouting and abusive, saying to be different. He felt sorry of what he did. What can the nurse
the nurse, “If it had been your son, they would have done advise her?
more to save it. “What should the nurse say or do?
“Do you think so?”
Touch her and tell her exactly what was done for her baby. “It’s not likely.”
Allow the mother to continue her present behavior while “What will be different?”
sitting quietly with her. “I hope so, for your sake.”
“No, all clients are given the same good care.” 48. A female client was diagnosed with breast cancer. It is
“Yes, you’re probably right. Your son did not get better care.” found to be stage IV, and a modified mastectomy is
42. The nurse is interacting to a client with an antisocial performed. After the procedure, what behaviors could the
personality disorder. What would be the most therapeutic nurse expects the client to display?
approach of the nurse to an antisocial behavior?
Denial of the possibility of carcinoma.
Signs of grief reaction. 14. D. Autistic children do best with solitary play because
Relief that the operation is over. they typically do not interact with others in a socially
Signs of deep depression. comprehensible and acceptable way.
49. A client is withdrawn and does not want to interact to 15. A. The nurse is asking the client to clarify and further
anybody even to the nurse. What is the best initial nursing discuss feelings.
approach to encourage communication with this client? 16. C. Denial is the act of avoiding disagreeable realities by
ignoring them.
Use simple questions that call for a response. 17. B. Reactions when told of a life-threatening illness
Encourage discussion of feelings. stem from Kübler-Ross’ ideas on death and dying.
Look through a photo album together. Denial is a typical grief response, and usually is a first
Bring up neutral topics. reaction.
50. Which of the following nursing approach is most 18. D. Shock and anger are commonly the primary initial
important in a client with depression? reactions.
19. A. This option avoids external stimuli, yet channels the
Deemphasizing preoccupation with elimination, nourishment, excess motor activity that is often part of the manic
and sleep. phase.
Protecting against harm to others. 20. B. The patient needs a brief, factual answer.
Providing motor outlets for aggressive, hostile feelings. 21. C. Trihexyphenidyl HCI (Artane) is often used to
Reducing interpersonal contacts. counteract side effect of pseudoparkinsonism, which
often accompanies the use of phenothiazine, such as
Answers and Rationales chlorpromazine HCI (Thorazine or Trifluoperazine HCI
1. B. This shows a weak sense of moral consciousness. (Stelazine).
According to Freudian theory, personality disorders 22. D. Persons with dementia needs sameness, consistency,
stem from a weak superego. structure, routine, and predictability.
2. C. The client needs to have his or her feelings 23. A. This is a false belief developed in response to an
acknowledged, with encouragement to discuss feelings, emotional need.
and be reassured about the nurse’s presence. 24. D. The client must be constantly observed.
3. D. Part of the definition of a crisis is a time span of 4-6 25. B. The appetite is diminished and sleeping is affected
weeks. to a client with depression.
4. C. The client is most likely confused, rather than 26. A. It is important to acknowledge a statement, even if
exhibiting acting-out, hostile behavior. Frequent it is not understood.
toileting will allow urination in an appropriate place. 27. D. Rationalization is the process of constructing
5. D. The client needs basic, simple orientation that plausible reasons for one’s responses.
directly relates to the here-and-now, and does not 28. C. The client has ideas that someone is out to kill her.
require verbal interaction. 29. D. A serious side effect of Imipramine HCI (Tofranil) is
6. A. Although all options may appear correct. A is the urinary retention (voiding problems)
best because it focuses on a range of possible positive 30. A. This allows the parents/family to grieve over the
reinforcers, a basis for an effective behavior loss of the child, by going through the steps of leave
modification program. It can lead to concrete, specific taking.
nursing interventions right away and provides a 31. B. Assess for suicidal tendencies, especially during
therapeutic use of “control” for the 16-year-old. early therapy. There is an increased risk of seizures in
7. A. The nurse needs to wait and see: do not “jump the debilitated client and those with a history of seizures.
gun”; do not assume that the client wants to know 32. D. The nurse helps to activate by doing something with
now. the client.
8. D. The woman is experiencing an actual loss and will 33. C. Preschool children commonly experience fears and
probably exhibit many of the same symptoms as a fantasies regarding invasive procedures. The nurse
person who has lost someone to death. should attempts to momentarily distract the child with
9. C. This option is an example of pointing out reality- the a simple task that can be easily accomplished while the
nurse’s perception. child remains in the side-lying position. The
10. B. This response asks information that the nurse can suppository can be slipped into place while the child is
use. If the client understands the statement, the nurse counting, and then the nurse can praise the child for
can support the therapist when focusing on connection cooperating, while holding the buttocks together to
between food, love, and mother. If the client does not prevent expulsion of the suppository.
understand thestatement, the nurse can help get 34. A. This is the more inclusive answer, although diet
clarification from the therapist. restrictions (answer1) are important, their purpose is
11. C. This option redirects the client to talk to her to prevent hypertensive crisis (answer 2).
husband. 35. D. This comes closest to beginning to focus on family-
12. D. This is an example of reaction formation, a coping centered approach to intervene in the “conspiracy of
mechanism. silence”. This is therefore the best among the options.
13. A. Often the verbalized ideas are jumbled, but the 36. A. The nurse should neither challenge nor use logic to
underlying feelings are discernible and must be dispel an irrational belief.
acknowledged.
37. D. Any threat to the safety of oneself or other should
always be taken seriously and never disregarded by
the nurse.
38. C. The likelihood of multiple contributing factors may
make this person at higher risk for suicide. Some
factors that may exist are physical illness related to
alcoholism, emotional factors ( anxiety, guilt, remorse),
social isolation due to impaired relationships and
economic problems related to employment.
39. B. A ritual, such as compulsive handwashing, is an
attempt to allay anxiety caused by unconscious
impulses that are frightening.
40. D. This is the most neutral answer by process of
elimination.
41. B. This option allows a normal grief response (anger).
42. C. Personality disorders stem from a weak superego,
implying a lack of adequate controls.
43. C. The client will be easier to care for if he has his
hearing aid and glasses.
44. A. Frequent contacts at times of stress are important,
especially when a client is isolated.
45. B. This response is aimed at redirecting the
inappropriate behavior.
46. D. This option is best to decrease confusion and
disorientation to place and time.
47. C. This option helps the woman to think through and
elaborate on her own thoughts and prognosis.
48. B. It is mostly likely that grief would be expressed
because of object loss.
49. D. Neutral, nonthreatening topics are best in
attempting to encourage a response.
50. C. It is important to externalize the anger away from
self.