DELA TORRE, GLYRAH MARIE S.

ARCH494 PLANNING 3

ACTIVITY 3

1. The comprehensive planning process (research)

a. Identify the planning agencies in the Philippines from national to local and discuss their function

• National Economic Planning (NEC) - The National Economic Council (NEC), as the
economic policy-making body, and the Presidential Economic Staff (PES), which, despite
being an implementing agency, also fulfills programming and policy-making activities, are
in charge of national economic planning. The NEC's responsibilities as the country's
economic planning organization extend from acting as an economic adviser to the
president to compiling an inventory of the country's needs and resources and establishing
a program of priorities for development projects to meet these needs.

• Presidential Economic Staff (PES) - The presidential economic staff plans economic
development at a level between the National Economic Council's overall aggregate view
and the specialized viewpoints of various government departments, corporations, and
financial conditions. It is primarily involved with economic activities, but it is also concerned
with the translation of NEC's plans and proposals into practical initiatives and programs.
The Pes has been actively involved in project evaluation and feasibility studies, for which
it formed the Project Assistance and Evaluation Offices section to oversee regional
economic and locational planning.

• National Physical Planning - This is done at three levels: national, regional, and local.
The National Planning Commission is tasked with developing general plans, zoning
subdivisions, and construction laws, as well as serving as a consulting body for Regional
Development Authorities and Local Planning Boards.

• National Housing Authority (NHA) – This is the only government agency involved in
direct shelter production, with an emphasis on providing housing assistance to the lowest
30% of urban income earners through slum upgrading, squatter relocation, site and
 service development, and core housing unit construction. This agency also implements
programs to improve neglected urban areas and offers technical help to private developers
working on low-cost housing projects.

• The National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) – The National Economic
Development, or Pambansang Pangasiwaan sa Kabuhayan at Pagpapaunlad in Filipino,
is an independent cabinet-level body responsible for economic development and planning.
The President of the Philippines serves as chairman of the NEDA board, with the
Secretary of Socio-Economic Planning, who is also the Director-General of NEDA, serving
as vice-chairman. The NEDA Board includes members from the Cabinet, the Central Bank
Governor, the Chairman of the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority, the Governor
of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, the Chairman of the Commission on
Information and Communications Technology, the Chairman of the Subic-Clark Area
Development Corporation, and the National President of the Union of Local Authorities of
the Philippines. The NEDA is also primarily responsible for developing ongoing,
coordinated, and fully integrated social and economic policies, plans, and programs. The
NEDA Board is in charge of the NEDA's powers and activities.

• The Philippine Department of the Interior and Local (DILG) - The Philippine
Department of the Interior and Local Government, or Kagawaran ng Interyor at
Pamahalaang Lokal in Filipino, is the executive branch of the Philippine government
responsible for maintaining peace and order, ensuring public safety, and strengthening
local government capability to provide citizens with effective basic services.

• The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) – The Metropolitan Manila

Development Authority, or Pangasiwaan sa Pagpapaunlad ng Kalakhang Maynila in
Filipino, is a Philippine government agency that oversees the cities of Manila, Quezon
City, Caloocan, Pasay, Mandaluyong, Makati, Pasig, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Las Pias,
Paraaque, Valenzuela, Malabon, Taguig, Navotas, and San Juan, as well as the
municipality of Pateros. The MMDA conducts planning, monitoring, and coordination
functions, as well as regulatory and supervisory authority over the delivery of metro-wide
services within Metro Manila, without jeopardizing local government units' autonomy on
strictly local issues.
2. Planning of particular projects (research outputs= maps, plan, articles, laws etc.)

a. Give an example of a land use planning (ex. land use map) (local or national)
b. Give an example output of transport planning
c. Environmental planning

Metro Cebu, or the Metropolitan Area of Cebu, is located in the center of the Philippine
archipelago, on the central-eastern flank of Cebu Island. It is the most populated city after Metro
Manila (13 million), with about 2.8 million residents in 2015.

Pertaining to the environmental challenges, local infrastructure, and the supply of

fundamental urban services, such as transportation, energy, water management, and municipal
solid waste management, have been severely constrained as a result of changing land-use
patterns and a growing population. Between 2003 and 2012, the number of vehicles on the road
nearly doubled, adding to traffic congestion and severe levels of air pollution. While geothermal
facilities provide 46.4% of the electricity in the Visayas, there is still a considerable reliance on
fossil fuels which is 45.3%. The transportation industry, followed by the industrial sector,
consumes the most energy overall. Moreover, the metropolis of Cebu is vulnerable to natural
disasters. It is prone to heavy floods, particularly during the rainy season, which runs from June
to November, and annual tropical storms.

Total registered motor vehicles in the Province of Cebu

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority (2016b), “The Countryside in Figures: Statistical

Profile of the Province of Cebu 2000-2015”, http://nap.psa.gov.ph/countryside/#.

The growth of Metro Cebu has resulted in uncontrolled urban sprawl. Given the physical
constraints that limit the availability of developable land in Metro Cebu, which is 25%of total land
area, LGUs must prioritize sustainable land management through a compact city model to
guarantee that Metro Cebu stays productive, competitive, and inclusive. The lack of an integrated
metropolitan-wide, high-capacity mode of public transportation affects Metro Cebu's long-term
growth and effective operation. As a result, there is a need for integration between the bus rapid
transit system (BRT) and other modes. Clean transportation, such as rail systems, ferries, E-
jeepneys, and shared-bike programs, must also be promoted, with the essential infrastructure in
place.

To solve the metropolitan region's land-filling concerns, an ambitious "zero waste" target
for all LGUs might be proposed, allowing the metropolitan area to demonstrate its commitment to
significantly reducing waste transported to landfills. By increasing waste-to-energy generation,
the country has a significant opportunity to catch up with its peers. Metro Cebu should implement
a cost-effective trash pricing system based on the "polluter pays" principle, which makes the
environmental cost of waste more evident to the customer and so creates economic incentives
for families and companies to reform waste disposal. This type of legislation can offer the
necessary financial resources for service development while also removing the financial load from
municipalities.

d. Tourism planning

The Republic Act 9593, also known as the Tourist Act of 2009, is a law that aims to
increase the Philippines' tourism competitiveness. The necessity for revised national tourism
strategies to accommodate the industry's increasing demands and capacities is outlined in
Section 36.

Between 2011 and 2015, the number of foreign tourists and domestic travelers increased,
as did their lengths of stay and daily spending, resulting in an increase in internal tourism
expenditures to Php 2.0 trillion in 2015, up from Php 1.4 trillion in 2011. Similarly, tourism's gross
value added of Php 1.0 trillion represented an increase of 8.2 percent in the country's GDP share.
Tourism employment increased to 5.0 million, representing a 12.7% rise in national employment
over the previous year (2014).

The National Tourist Development Plan (NTDP) for 2011-2016 called for the adoption of
a tourism product strategy that included the enhancement of existing goods and the introduction
of new ones to broaden the country's product range and improve visitors' travel experiences. To
formulate local tourist plans, a bottom-up strategy must be used.

The tourism products are categorized into: (1) Nature-based Tourism, (2) Cultural
Tourism, (3) Sun and Beach Tourism, (4) Leisure and Entertainment Tourism, (5) Health,
Wellness, and Retirement Tourism, (6) Cruise & Nautical Tourism, (7) Diving and Marine Sports
Tourism, (8) MICE Tourism, and (9) Education Tourism.

The graph shown below depicts the ranking of the nine (9) goods based on the Importance and
Ease of Implementation criteria:

Due to tremendous appeal of the Sun and Beach Tourism, Nature-Based Tourism,
Cultural Tourism, and Diving and Marine Sports to a wide range of country markets, they should
be given top emphasis. Efforts must be made to entice investors to invest in the development of
fully integrated beach resort locations. Similarly, there is a need to build venues and programs
that take advantage of the country's rich cultural heritage and festivals. The opening of selected
National Parks and ecotourism areas to leisure pursuits would broaden the breadth of Nature-
based Tourism offers. Nature and culture-based products, particularly in rural locations, have the
greatest potential for community participation.

The Leisure and Entertainment, Shopping, and MICE as Strategic Products have grown
significantly in recent years because of improved infrastructure, particularly in Metro Manila and
a few other cities. These products are well positioned to attract area events and visitors, but they
will require additional investments and human resource development. Infrastructure difficulties for
cruise tourism are already being addressed, particularly in terms of enhancing transit ports of call,
but there is still a long way to go until a dedicated cruise terminal is built in Manila.
 Facilities for health and wellness, medical tourism, and retirement tourism continue to be
a barrier to its global appeal. Due to the significant investments required to cater to the market,
they are not yet listed as Key Products. Education tourism remains a niche product due to the
country's appeal in this sector being limited to only one or two markets. The educational system
in the country has yet to be brought up to international standards. Significant infrastructure
constraints will also need to be addressed.

Moreover, despite the country's archipelagic character, the sub-product of nautical tourism
is deemed a Niche Product since it will necessitate investments in skilled personnel and
specialized infrastructure, as well as strict adherence to safety and marine rules.

e. Historical preservation

The National Cultural Heritage Act, also known as Republic Act No. 10066, is a Philippine
law that established the Philippine Registry of Cultural Property (PRECUP) and other measures
to conserve historic structures older than 50 years. It was signed into law on March 25, 2009.

Some of the top historical places, monuments, and landmarks in Cebu City include:

Basilica Del Sto. Niño

Pilgrim’s Center, Osmeña Blvd, Cebu City

The Basilica Del Santo Nino is one of

Cebu's most well-known attractions and
one of the Philippines' oldest Roman
Catholic churches. When the basilica is
decked out for the Sinulog Festival, it is a
sight to behold. The church was built on
the site where Spanish explorers
discovered an image of a young Jesus in
the 16th century. The interiors of the
church are quiet and peaceful, and the
exterior is composed of firm stone. The
church is truly deserving of its national
historic designation.
Magellan’s Cross
Plaza Sugbo, Cebu City

Magellan's Cross is a Christian cross that

was commissioned by Portuguese and
Spanish explorers on Ferdinand
Magellan's instructions in the 16th century
to commemorate their arrival in Cebu.

Cebu Taoist Temple

Doña Modesta Singson Gaisano, Cebu City

The Cebu Taoist temple is one of Cebu's

most beautiful landmarks. It was
established in 1972 by the city's wealthy
Chinese community and has since drawn
many followers and tourists. At an
elevation of around 900 feet above sea
level, the temple stands majestically tall.
Fort San Pedro
A. Pigafetta Street,Cebu City

San Pedro Fort was built in 1565. Under

the direction of Miguel López de Legazpi,
the fort was built as a defensive fortress
to safeguard the city against Muslim
invaders. The fort has served as a prison,
a mini-zoo, and, most recently, a beautiful
ruin. Because two sides of the fort face
the sea, the views from it are
breathtaking. The fort and its gardens are
surprisingly tranquil and pleasant,
providing a nice respite from the city's
turmoil.

Lapu Lapu Statue

Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu

The Philippine government has erected a

66-foot-tall statue and monument in
Mactan in honor of Lapu Lapu, a local
hero noted for his resistance to Spanish
control and for being responsible for the
death of Portuguese explorer, Ferdinand
Magellan. The history is well-preserved,
and the grounds are well-kept. It gives
visitors an insight into Philippine history.
Yap Sandiego Ancestral House, Cebu City
155 Mabini St. Parian, Cebu City

This historic home dates back nearly two

centuries. Maria Florido and Don Juan
Yap own the mansion, which has been
wonderfully preserved. A visit here
provides insight into people's lifestyles
and architecture hundreds of years ago.
Unlike a traditional museum, the house is
more relaxed, and you may even touch
and feel the artifacts. The home is
composed of wood and stones and
retains much of its original structure.

Cebu Heritage Monument, Cebu City

Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines

The Heritage of Cebu Monument is a

collection of concrete, bronze, brass, and
steel sculptures depicting scenes from
Cebu's history. The monument's
construction began in July 1997 and was
completed in December 2000. Eduardo
Castrillo, a local artist, and Senator
Marcelo Fernan, a senator, were
successful in raising funds for the
monument through donations from other
private persons and organizations.
1730 Jesuit House
Zulueta Street, Cebu City

The Jesuit House, or Museo de Parian, is

an 18th century house that has been
beautifully conserved over the years,
nestled behind towering concrete walls
right in the center of Cebu City's Parian
area. The Jesuit residence, which was
built in 1730, provides valuable insight
into the life, religion, and architecture of
the 18th century. This was once the home
of a Jesuit superior from the Society of
Jesus, a Catholic religious organization.
The current owners turned this treasure
into a museum, and it has steadily grown
in popularity since then.

Cebu Metropolitan Cathedral

Mabini Street, Cebu City

The Cebu Metropolitan Cathedral, built in

the 15th century, has survived two world
wars and other natural disasters. It is now
a large structure with characteristics from
both Spanish architecture and Philippian
influences. The church has a magnificent
appearance thanks to its Corinthian
columns and arched stained glass
windows. The altar is lavishly decorated
with gold and is really stunning. Many
locals attend serene and spiritual
weekday masses.
References:

https://lair.education/pluginfile.php/56713/mod_resource/content/1/8.9.11summary%20Planning
-3.pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Land-use-plan-of-Cebu-City-Source-Cebu-City-Profile-
2008_fig3_260427235

https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11195708_06.pdf

https://www.oecd.org/regional/regional-policy/Green-Growth-in-Cebu-Policy-Highlights.pdf

https://itsmorefunincentralluzon.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/NTDP-2016-2022_Executive-
Summary.pdf

https://www.triphobo.com/places/cebu-city-philippines/things-to-do/historical