MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING : MEC 016 LECTURE

CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
ENGR. VILLAMOR J. DELA CRUZ JR.RChT
PART-TIME INSTRUCTOR
Northwestern University
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE
AND TECHNOLOGY
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• Deformation takes place in certain direction in

certain plane.

• Several material property like conductivity or

modulus may vary with crystal orientation.
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• It is important to define a convention for the direction and

plane.

• Miller indices are used to specify direction and plane

• Coordinate system with three axis at three edges of unit

cell is used.
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Unit Cell : Smallest repetitive volume which contains the complete lattice pattern of a crystal.

a,b,c, 𝜶, 𝜷, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝜸 – are the lattice parameters

Crystal System represents the possible combination of

lattice parameters. It is the geometry of unit cell.
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Point Coordinates
The position of any point located within a unit cell may be specified n terms of its
coordinates as fractional multiples of the unit cell edge lengths (a, b, and c).
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DIRECTION

Crystallographic direction is represented by a vector connecting

two points in the concerned direction.

The vector is shifted so that one end falls at the origin

Vector projection on 3 axis are measured

They are reduced to the smallest integral ratio

The three indices measured is represented as [h k l]

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DIRECTION

[100] , [010], [001]

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DIRECTION

[111] , [110], [1½ ½]

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Miller Indeces for Direction

STEPS
1. Identify the coordinates of the head and tail.

Head: x = 0 y=1 z=1

Tail: x = 1 y=0 z=0

DIRECTIONS
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Miller Indeces for Direction

STEPS
2. Subtract the coordinates of Tail and Head

Head: x = 0 y=1 z=1

Tail: x = 1 y=0 z=0

x = -1 y=1 z=1
DIRECTIONS
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Miller Indeces for Direction

STEPS
3. Get the difference of the coordinates

x = -1 y=1 z=1

DIRECTIONS
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Miller Indeces for Direction

STEPS
3. Get the difference of the coordinates

x = -1 y=1 z=1
4. If there are fractions, reduce to whole numbers

5. Enclose in bracelets and put a bar above the

value with (-) sign

DIRECTIONS
[𝟏 1 1]
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Miller Indeces for Direction

1/2

1/2

1/3

DIRECTIONS
DIRECTIONS
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DRAW THE DIRECTION

1. [ 1 0 0 ] 4. [ 2 0 1 ]

2. [ 1 1 1 ] 5. [ 1 6 6 ]

3. [ 0 1 0 ]