MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING : MEC 016 LECTURE

CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
ENGR. VILLAMOR J. DELA CRUZ JR.RChT
PART-TIME INSTRUCTOR
Northwestern University
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE
AND TECHNOLOGY
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PLAN E

Similar to directions, unit cell based 3 axis coordinate system is used

for planes too

Three (3) miller indices ( h k l ) used for cubic system similar to

direction

DIRECTION=[]

PLAINS=()

Parallel planes are equivalent and has same miller indices

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How to find miller indices for planes?

If a given plane passes through origin either
• Shift plane parallel to original plane.
• Shift the origin

Note the lengths at which the plane cuts the 3 axis

Take the reciprocal of the lengths

If fractional, change it to smallest integer by multiplying all 3 value

with the same common number

Now obtained values are the similar indices of the plane and
expressed as ( h k l )

Family of planes represented by { h k l }

For cubic system, if a plane and direction have the same set of 3
miller indices, they are perpendicular to each other
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PLANE

( 1 0 0 ) , ( 0 1 0 ) , ( 0 0 1), ( 1 1 1)
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PLANE

(0𝟏1) , (123)
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Miller Index for Planes

½
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Draw the plane given the miller index

1. ( 2 1 0 )

2. ( 3 𝟐 1 )

2. ( 0 0 𝟐 )
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I N T E R P L A N A R S PA C I N G
The perpendicular distance between two successive parallel lattice planes.
𝒅(𝒉𝒌𝒍) = distance between the origin and the nearest (hkl) plane.

𝒅(𝒉𝒌𝒍) of crystals with orthogonal axes ( 𝜶 = 𝜷 = 𝜸 = 𝟗𝟎°)

( cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic)
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LINEAR DENSITY
Linear density (LD) is defined as the number of
𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒔 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒂 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
atoms per unit length whose centers lie on the
direction vector for a specific crystallographic 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
direction

PLANAR DENSITY

In an analogous manner, planar density (PD) is taken as the 𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒔 𝒐𝒏 𝒂 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒆
number of atoms per unit area that are centered on a
𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒆
particular crystallographic plane
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LINEAR DENSITY
𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒔 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒂 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

Example:

1. Determine the LD of BCC with [ 1 𝟏 1 ] and a lattice parameter of 0.361 nm.

2. Determine the LD of FCC passing through [ 0 1 0 ] and a radius of 1.75 A°.

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PLANAR DENSITY

𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒔 𝒐𝒏 𝒂 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒆

𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒆
Example:

1. Determine the Planar Density of FCC of ( 1 0 0 ) with lattice parameter of

1.61 nm.

2. Determine the Planar Density of BCC of ( 0 0 1 ) and radius of 1.5 A°

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ASSIGNMENT

Example:

1. Determine the LD of BCC with lattice parameter of 0.715 nm at

a)[110] b) [ 𝟏 1 0 ]

2. Determine the PD of FCC with radius of 1.25 A° at

a) ( 0 1 1 ) b) ( 0 2 1 )