COLLEGE OF OUR LADY OF MERCY

INTERVENTIONAL HEALTH ALLIED SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT
RADIOLOGY BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY

fields
Digital Subtraction Angiography
Image Display
Difference between Conventional  Video
and Digital Fluoroscopy  Flat Panel Image Display
 Nature of the image
 The manner in which it is digitized Background Electronic Noise
 Because of heated filaments and voltage
Advantages of Digital Fluoroscopy differences, a very small electric current
 Speed of image acquisition always is flowing in any circuit.
 Post-processing to enhance image contrast
 Significant patient radiation dose reduction Spatial Resolution
 is limited by pixel size.
Interrogation time
 the time required for the x-ray tube to be Comparison of Temporal and Energy Subtraction
switched on and reach selected kVp and mA
Temporal
Extinction time  A single kVp setting is used.
 the time required for the x-ray tube to be  Normal x-ray beam filtration is adequate.
switched off  Contrast resolution of 1 mm at 1% is
achieved.
During DF the x-ray tube operates  Simple arithmetic image subtraction is
in the radiographic mode necessary.
 Tube current is measured in hundreds of mA  Motion artifacts are a problem
 Total subtraction of common structures is
Image Receptor in DF achieved.
 Subtraction possibilities are limited by the
Charge-Coupled Flat Panel number of images.
Device Image Receptor
 High spatial  Distortion-free Energy
resolution images  Rapid kVp switching is required.
 High SNR  Constant image  X-ray beam filter switching is preferred
 High DQE quality over the  Higher x-ray intensity is required for
 No warm-up entire image comparable contrast resolution
required  Improved contrast  Complex image subtraction is necessary.
 No lag or blooming resolution over the  Motion artifacts are greatly reduced.
 No spatial entire image  Some residual bone may survive subtraction
distortion  High DQE at all  Many more types of subtraction images are
 No maintenance radiation dose possible
 Unlimited life levels
 Unaffected by  Rectangular image Temporal Subtraction
magnetic fields area coupled to
 Linear response similar image
 Lower patient monitor
radiation dose  Unaffected by
external magnetic

RT NER CARLO BSRT - III

 COLLEGE OF OUR LADY OF MERCY
INTERVENTIONAL
RADIOLOGY BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
 used most frequently because of high-
voltage generator
 refers to a number of computer assisted
techniques whereby an image obtained at
one time is subtracted from an image
obtained at a later time
Mask mode
Time-interval difference mode
 TID mode produces subtracted images from
progressive masks and following frames
 TID image shows it to be relatively free of
motion artifacts but with less contrast than
mask-mode imaging.
 TID imaging is applied principally in cardiac
evaluation.
Misregistration Artifacts
 if patient motion occurs between the mask
image and a subsequent image
RT NER CARLO
HEALTH ALLIED SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT
RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY
Energy subtraction
 uses two different x-ray beams alternately to
provide a subtraction image that results from
differences in photoelectric interaction
 Two methods
 alternately pulsing the x-ray beam at 70
kVp and then 90 kVp
 introducing dissimilar metal filters into
the x-ray beam alternately on a flywheel.
Hybrid Subtraction
 Combination of temporal subtraction and
energy subtraction
 Image contrast is enhanced still further by
hybrid subtraction because of reduced
patient motion between subtracted images
Road mapping
BSRT - III