Understanding Art Appreciation

Lecture Reference in Prepared by: JOMEL B. MANUEL,MST, Ph.D.
Art Appreciation JIMBOY B. PAGALILAUAN, AB, BSE
Table of Contents
Preliminary Period
Module 1. Embracing the Humanities
Difference Between the Humanities and Sciences
Module 2. Understanding the Arts

Different Definitions of Art
Assumptions about Art
Module 3. Distinguishing Artist from Artisan

Who is an artist?
Who is an artisan?
Module 4: Recognizing GAMABA and the National Artists

GAMBABA
National Artists
Module 5. Classifying the Arts

Module 6: Functions of Arts
Module 7. Knowing the Subject in the Art
Subject and Content
Module 8. Effectively Presenting Art Subjects
Midterm Period
Module 9: Mediums of Arts
Module 10: Elements of Arts
Module 11: Principles of Arts
Module 12: Glancing Art History (c/o Ms. Wendy Garma# 09052972615)
Pre-Historic Art/Cave Art
A. Asian
1. Philippine pre-historic art
2. Egyptian Art
3. China
B. Western
4. Greek Art
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5. Roman Art
Final Examination
Module 13: Appreciating Visual Arts (c/o Ms. Jane Gladys Abran # 09171425308)
Module 14: Appreciating Literary Arts (Jackielen

Garcia#09970738398/rjacklielen85@yahoo.com
Module 15: Appreciating Music (c/o Mr. Domingo Dela Vega #09192849525)/Magnolia
Module 16: Appreciating Installation Arts (c/o Janus)
Performance Arts (Dance Part)Sir Hans
Module 17: Appreciating Indigenous Arts (c/o Ms. Wendy )
Module 18: Appreciating Philippine Contemporary (Sir Janus/Sir Hans)
CULMINATING ACTIVITY (Visual Arts Comp. Literary Arts Comp., Performing Arts Com)
EXHIBIT
ARTS FESTIVAL
Introduction
Learning Outcomes
Pre-Test
Discussion
Enrichment Activities
Post-test
References
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Module 1
EMBRACING THE HUMANITIES
Introduction
What I am? Why am I in this world? Where do I go from here? These are the
fundamental questions a man asks about himself and about life. The humanities are thus
expressions of man’s feelings and thoughts.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the session, learners are expected to:
a. Define humanities;
b. Distinguish humanities from sciences; and
c. Demonstrate appreciation on the importance of the humanities.
Discussion
W h a t a r e t h e h u m a n i t i e s ?
What comes to your mind when you hear the word humanities? Write your ideas on the blanks
provided below.
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Humanities
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The term “humanities” was first applied to the writings of ancient Latin authors which were read
not only for their clarity of language and forceful literary style, but also, and more specially, for
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their moral teaching.

During the Medieval Age, the humanities dealt with the metaphysics of the religion philosopher.
The goal was the cultivation of the spiritual life and the preparation for the hereafter.
During the Renaissance, the word came to refer to the set of disciplines taught in the universities,
which included grammar, rhetoric, history, literature, music, philosophy, and theology- a body of
knowledge aimed to make man “ human, cultured, and refined.
At present, the humanities serve to provide the student with certain skills and values through arts.
(Ortiz et al).
The term humanities refers to the arts- the visual arts such as architecture; painting and sculpture;
music; dance; the theater or drama; and literature. They are the branches of learning concerned
with human being and his feelings and how he expresses those feelings have always been the
concern of the humanities (Sanchez, 2001).
What are the differences and similarities of the Humanities and the Sciences?
The sciences deal with the external world of man, as well as with the facets of man’s being that
can be subjected to observation, measurement, and experimentation.
The sciences enable man to understand and control nature and to harness its energy to make his
life more comfortable and convenient.
The humanities deal with man’s internal world-with his personality and experiences, matters that
cannot be exactly measured, classified, or controlled. The humanities’ approach is subjective; it
makes much use of perception, feeling, intuition, and insight.
The focus of the humanities is on man as an individuals, while in the social sciences the main
interest is on types and groups of human beings, and on the institutions and processes of society.
Importance:
Man needs as image of himself, an understanding of his nature. Through words, tones, mass,
line, color, or design, the arts provide man with a measure of his passions and desires, his
relation with other men and his environment, as well as his potentials.
Both the sciences and the humanities are necessary for the development of the complete, social
man, ready to take on his responsibilities in this rapidly changing world and to enjoy life as he
lives it (Ortiz et al.).
Metaphysics is a part of philosophy which is concerned with understanding reality and developing theories about what exists and
how we know that it exists.
Self-Assessment Questions 1
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I. State the different definitions of the Humanities based on their respective period.
II. Compare and contrast the Humanities and the Sciences.
Humanities Sciences
II. What is the value of studying the Humanities?

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Module 2
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UNDERSTANDING THE ARTS

Introduction
We can say art is the lifeblood of humanities because it conveys one’s feelings and
expressions. Art is the essential factor which motivates an individual to create and appreciate “a
thing of beauty.”
Learning Outcomes
a. Explain the meaning and importance of art to man;
b. Demonstrate understanding on the basic concepts and assumptions about art;
Discussion
What is an art?
K W L
(What You Know) (What You want to Learn) (What You Learned and still
Want to Learn)
Etymologically, art is derived from the Latin word “ars”, meaning ability or skill. Art is from an
Italian “artis” defined as a human or skill.
This time, let’s look at the definitions given by different artists.
“Art teaches nothing, except the significance of life.” (Henry Miller)
“Art is higher type of knowledge than experience.” (Aristotle)
“The object of art is to give life a shape.” (French dramatist Jean Anouilh)
“Art is science in the flesh.” (Frenc=h poet and playwright Jean Couteau)
“All art is social,” because it is the result of a relationship between an artist and his time
(Historian James Adams)
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“Art is the most intense mode of individualism that the world has known.” Oscar Wilde
What are the different assumptions about art?
1. Art is everywhere.
2. Art is not nature.
3. Art is imitating and creating.
4. Art perfects nature.
5. Art message is universal.
6. Art is timeless.
Art as Expression and Communication
 Art has grown out of man’s need to express himself. Expression is not limited to the
revelation of emotions alone. The personal and social values of the artist and his
penetrating psychological insight into human reality are also conveyed through arts.
 The artist uses symbols which he organizes into some comprehensible equivalent of
the experience that he is trying to convey. If the symbols are understood by his
audience, then communication has been established.
Art as Creation
Creation refers to the act of combining or re-ordering already existing materials so

that a new objects is formed.
Art and Experience

 Three major kinds of experience are involved in the artistic activity.
1. It starts as an experience which the artist wants to communicate.
2. The act of expressing this experience –that of creating that art object or form.
3. When the work is done, there is the artist’s gratifying experience of having
accomplished something significant.
 On the part of the onlooker or listener, he may kindle an experience which is similar
or related to that which the artist tried to express. These include sensory, emotional,
and intellectual responses.
Art and Beauty
 A thing of beauty is one which gives us pleasure when we perceive it. The delight
that we experience is called aesthetic pleasure.
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1. Select at least five(5) artworks which you consider important to you, then explain each
of them.(5points)
Artworks Explanation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2. Give a situation where an artist could make use of nature in producing an artwork.
(5points)
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3. Identify a work of art in your community that is still very much admired and treasured
today. Is the message conveyed by the artist universal? Explain your answer.(10points)
Artwork Message Photo
Score:_______
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Date:________ Self-
Assessment Questions 2
I. Read and analyze the given statements below, then identify whether the statement is
true or false.
1. In any society, art has served a particular purpose.
2. Art can serve as a vehicle for propaganda.
3. The function of art varies from person to person.
4. Art does not communicate anything.
5. A book illustrator is an artist.
6. Where there is life, there is art.
7. Art has nothing to do with religion and morality.
8. Art can be used to control the thinking or behavior of people in society.
9. Artists reveal themselves through their art.
10. The arts serve us for pleasure only.
11. Art is a nonverbal form of communication.
12. Artists give tangible form to the unknown.
13. Art has been created by all people, at all time, in all countries, and that it lives
because it is liked and enjoyed.
14. Art is not good because it is universal, but universal because it is good.
15. Nature doesn’t have something to do about art.
II. Read the following questions below, then answer each of them briefly. Each question
will be treated 5 points. You will be graded based on substance (3points) grammar
and organization (2 points).
1. How does art involve experience?

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2. Why is art message universal?

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Module 3
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DISTINGUISHING ARTIST FROM ARTISAN
Introduction
Art works are produced by either an artist or an artisan. Each has his/her own role in the
art arena. However, how could we distinguish an artist from that of an artisan? How could we
know that the art works we are enjoying are created by an artist or artisan? Undoubtedly, people
get confused of these two terms. Thus, this module deals on exploring the differences between
an artist and an artisan.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the session, you are expected to:

a. Distinguish artist from artisan;(Knowledge)
b. Research an artist/artisan who has dedicated his/her life to the cultivation of the arts.
(Skill)
c. Demonstrate appreciation on the contribution of an artist or artisan in the community.
(Attitude)
Pre-test
Read and analyze the given statements below, then identify each statement whether this
refers to an artist or artisan.
_______1. He/She is able to produce something that has a functional value.

_______2. He/She is a person who performs any of the creative arts.
_______3. He/She is a skilled worker who makes things by hand.
_______4. He/She is able to create art for the of art itself without needing any ulterior
motives.
_______5. He/She has the skill of adding aesthetic value to the objects that he/she
creates.
Discussion
Who is an Artist?
Artists work in the fine arts, including painting, illustration, and sculpture. All fine artists
first learn to sketch, and begin with a pencil and sketchpad to work with an idea on paper. Artists
transfer their vision to canvases or other medium, and this may mean working in oil, watercolor
or pastel. Sculptors take their sketches and create 3D products from clay, marble or other
material. Illustrators might work for a publishing or animation company, or create original comic
books. All artists’ work aims to create an overall reaction from a viewer.
Generally, an artist is defined as an art practitioner who produces or creates indirectly-
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functional arts with aesthetic value using imagination.

They produce us pieces as the means of provoking our thought, ideas and emotions that are
necessary to discover ourselves and our feelings.
Job responsibilities of an artist include:
a. Developing ideas for a canvas or product
b. Selecting a medium for a final work, including texture, size, or area
c. Collecting work for a portfolio
d. Applying for grants for financial support
Take a look at these famous artists.
FERNANDO AMORSOLO
Fernando Cueto Amorsolo is one of the most important artists in the
history of painting in the Philippines. Amorsolo was a portraitist and
painter of rural Philippine landscapes. He is popularly known for his
craftsmanship and mastery in the use of light.
He painted and sketched more than ten thousand pieces over his lifetime
using natural and backlighting techniques. His most known works are of
the dalagang Filipina, landscapes of his Philippino homeland, portraits
and WWII war scenes.
Born in Calle Herran in Paco, Manila, on May 30, 1892, Fernando

Amorsolo began drawing and sketching as a young boy. The family lived in Daet until the death
of his father. At that time his mother moved the family to the home of her cousin, artist Don
Fabian dela Rosa in Manila. Amorsolo was 13 years old at the time and in order to help provide
for his family, he sold his drawings and began to study art under dela
Rosa. http://fernandoamorsolopaintings.com/Fernando_Amorsolo_Biography_Page.htm
A closer look at this work will reveal brush strokes executed with the ease of a virtuoso. The
featured painting is considered a masterpiece for the subtlety of its encoded messages, which,
in this case, has been described as national pride. In stark contrast to the increasing
westernization of the urban capital Manila, this work is a celebration of the pristine, rural
Philippine countryside. The scene is bathed in sunlight and features a country maiden. This
work is a fine example of this National Artist’s favorite subject and setting. Amorsolo notes, “My
conception of an ideal Filipina beauty is one with a rounded face, not of the oval type... The
eyes should be exceptionally lively… The nose should be of the blunt form but firm and strongly
marked… The ideal Filipino beauty should have a sensuous mouth…not…white-complexioned,
nor of the dark brown color…but of the clear skin…which we often witness when we meet a
blushing girl.” For Amorsolo, the Filipino beauty was an important symbol of national identity.
The colors of the Philippine flag are evident in the blue kerchief, red skirt, and white blouse.
The subject gazes directly at the viewer, holding a generous bundle of newly harvested rice, a
hope-filled moment for the young Philippines.
Untitled (Palay Maiden)
http://masterpieces.asemus.museum/
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masterpiece/detail.nhn?objectId=10429
JUAN LUNA
Juan Luna is considered one of the greatest Filipino artists in
Philippine history with masterpieces such as Spolarium, The Death
of Cleopatra and Blood Compact. Not only did he excel in artistry,
but he was also a political activist during the time of the Philippine
Revolution during the late 19thcentury. His close friendship with
National Hero Jose Rizal has sparked Philippine nationalism and
pride. Juan Luna was mostly known for his works as being dramatic
and dynamic, focusing on romanticism and realism styles of art.
http://vanz2005.tripod.com/vanz.html
This is the “Spoliarium” by Juan Novicio Luna,

as masterpiece created in 1884. It is one of the
prize possessions of the Philippine National
Museum today. This Neoclassical artwork
earned Juan Luna 3 gold medal in
the Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Artes and
recognition among the connoisseurs and art
critics. It was praise so much that even Jose
Rizal, Philippine’s national hero, prepared a
speech for Juan Luna, addressing two things
from his artwork, the glorification of genius and
the grandeur of his artistic skills. And it’s not a
surprise why he called the artwork “The
Glorification of Genius.” Not only does it enticed
the fewer with compelling imagery of death, but it
also sneaks in a historical nod to the Filipino
History.
Spolarium
https://www.quora.com/What-is-a-good-analysis-of-the-painting-Spoliarium-by-Juan-Luna
What you have just learned is an artist. This time, may you get familiar with an artisan.
Who is an artisan?
Artisans are craftsmen who work in textiles, pottery, glass and other areas. They are craftsmen
who make practical artistic products, such as earrings, urns, stained glass and other accessories.
They gain their knowledge by studying under master craftsmen and then practicing with
continued study. They work to create something new, original, and at times, provocative. They
spend a good portion of their time selling and promoting their items in various marketplaces.
In other words, artisans are craftsmen who produce directly functional and or decorative arts.
They help us in meeting our basic needs such as food, clothing, dwelling, furniture, kitchen
utensils and everything that makes our life easy are crafted by artisans.
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Job responsibilities of an Artisan include:

a. Using and mixing mediums like paint, metal, glass, or fabric
b. Shaping, gluing sewing, testing and producing products
c. Displaying work at various sites including auctions, craft shows or online markets
d. Estimating costs and material need
Take a look at this famous Filipino artisan.

TINA MARISTELA-OCAMPO
One featured artisan who
intended to showcase Filipino
craftsmanship is Tina Maristela-
Ocampo. When she first thought
of the concept for Celestina, what
she really wanted was to “bring
whatever here in the Philippines
out to the world. Hence, Celestina
would produce find handmade
bags using local indigenous
products crafted by Filipino artisans.
Other artisans engage themselves in producing different products.
https://pixabay.com/en/ancient-pottery-pots-clay-antique-2179091/ https://pixabay.com/en/wickerwork-basket-weavers-craft-1314017/
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Filipinos are known for being creative and resourceful. They try to maximize what whatever
resources they have just to earn and sustain their basic needs.
LOOK: Dumagat artisans turn driftwood into artworks

Rogelio, one of the Dumagats living near the Ipo Dam in Bulacan, has got the nature as his
Video about
partner in makingDumagat
great art Artisans
pieces.
https://news.abs-cbn.com/lifestyle/v1/01/23/16/look-dumagat-artisans-turn-driftwood-
The 12 Dumagat artisans in Rogelio’s community transforms driftwood, an uprooted and
into-artworks
fallen part of trees washed away by river and streams, they collected from the watershed to create
competitive sculpture pieces bearing nature-inspired designs.
After gathering the wood from the water, the artisans will then let them dry for three days,
and when these are ready, the transformation starts.
In creating artworks, the artisans let their imaginations run wild and thus seeing existing
images out of the driftwood. And from there, the simple wood becomes a distinct sculpture of
nature’s elements. Birds, fishes and even humans, among others, are just some of the favorite
images formed in the sculptures of the Dumagat artisans.
One would really expect great artworks coming from the driftwood, which was only used
before by the locals as firewood, as the Dumagat artisans were trained by renowned Filipino
sculptures.
Rogelio, who has nine children, gets a living from his masterpieces, being able to sell an
artwork for up to P300.
This project does not only provide the Dumagats livelihood but also provide mother earth a
support for sustainability.
ANC Green Living, 23 January 2016
http://news.abs-cbn.com/lifestyle/v1/01/23/16/lok-dumagat-artisans-turn-driftwood-into-artworks
Let’s Watch!
Activity 1. Go back to your community and look for the local artists or artisans. Have an
intensive conversation about their lives. Highlight the following information:
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1. Name:______________________________________________________________
Birthday:____________________________________________________________
Education:___________________________________________________________
Address:____________________________________________________________
Type:_______________________________________________________________
Sample Artwork:
Illustration Description
2. Name:______________________________________________________________
Birthday:____________________________________________________________
Education:___________________________________________________________
Address:_____________________________________________________________
Type:_______________________________________________________________
Sample Artwork:
Illustration Description
Let’s Write!
Selecting one of your answers in Activity 1, write a feature article depicting the life of the
artist/artisan.
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Written output will be graded using the given criteria.

Content 10 points
Organization 5 points
Grammar 5 points
Mechanics 5 points
25 points
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Post-test BSCCCCC
I. Read and analyze the given statement below, then identify whether this refers to
an artist or artisan. Write your answer before each number.
_________1. He/She is skilled in a particular activity such as drawing, designing, composing,
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etc.
_________2. He/She is used form musician.
_________3. He/She goes beyond the social restrictions and creates art for pleasure of creating.
_________4. He/She is able to produce various objects ranging from jewelry to furniture.
_________5. He/She gains his/her knowledge by studying under master craftsmen.
_________6. Through art, he/she can create a change in society.
_________7. He/She spends a good portion of his/her time selling and promoting his/her items
in
various marketplaces.
_________8. Tina Maristela-Ocampo intended to showcase Filipino craftsmanship.
_________9. Juan Luna is considered one of the greatest Filipino artists in Philippine history
with
masterpieces such as Spolarium, The Death of Cleopatra and Blood Compact.
________10. The Dumagat people transformed driftwood into competitive sculpture pieces
bearing nature-inspired designs.
II. Complete the grid in the “Comparison Matrix”. Put a check mark if it describes an
artist or artisan.
Items to Characteristics
Compared
Uses Creates Considers Produces arts Engages in
aesthetic things by functional for pleasure arts for
value hand value economic
reasons
Artist
Artisan
References
https://study.com/articles/difference_between-artists_artisans.html
http://fernandoamorsolopaintings.com/Fernando_Amorsolo_Biography_Page.htm(September 4, 2018)
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http://masterpieces.asemus.museum/masterpiece/detail.nhn?objectId=10429(September 4, 2018)
http://vanz2005.tripod.com/vanz.html(September 4, 2018)
https://www.quora.com/What-is-a-good-analysis-of-the-painting-Spoliarium-by-Juan-Luna(September
4, 2018)
https://pixabay.com/en/ancient-pottery-pots-clay-antique-2179091/ (September 4, 2018)
https://pixabay.com/en/wickerwork-basket-weavers-craft-1314017/(September 4, 2018)
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=Tina+Maristela-
Ocampo+Artisan&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjjmbKNi6PdAhWIF4gKHfL6Bo4Q
7Al6BAgFEBE&biw=1058&bih=615#imgrc=91Ck4FrQWiBSQM: (September 5, 2018)
https://www.google.com.ph/search?
biw=1058&bih=615&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=TmePW8XqLoj1wAPfhIiADQ&q=Tina+Maristela-
Ocampo+Artisan+Handmade+bags&oq=Tina+Maristela-
Ocampo+Artisan+Handmade+bags&gs_l=img.3...2251.2251.0.3081.1.1.0.0.0.0.195.195.0j1.1.0....0...1c.1
.64.img..0.0.0....0.ljwxJP5sO4Q#imgrc=e6ILGLoSUTaanM:(September 5, 2018)
Module 4
GAMABA AND THE NATIONAL ARTISTS
Introduction
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Recognizing one’s contribution to the development of the Philippine arts simply shows how we
treasure and value our Filipino culture. To give honor for the artists’ efforts, two major awards
(Order ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining or Order of National Artists and Gawad sa Manlilikha
ng Bayan or National Living Treasures Award) are given.
Learning Outcomes
a. discuss the background of the GAMABA;

b. distinguish the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Award from National Artists Award;
c. express appreciation on their contribution in the Philippine arts.
Discussion
Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Awards or GAMABA is an award that acknowledges folk and
indigenous artists who, despite the modern times, remain true to their traditions. It is
administered by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) through Gawad sa
Manlilikha ng Bayan Committee.
GAMABA began as a project of the Philippine Rotary Club Makati-Ayala. In 1992, it was
adopted by the government and institutionalized Republic Act No. 7355. This award aims to
support and motivate these artists to preserve their artistic heritage for the present and future
generations. These artists are also recognized as the country’s National Living Treasures.
The GAWAD sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) or the National Living Treasures Award
gives recognition to Filipino traditional craftsmen or artisans whose skills have reached a high
level of technical and artistic excellence and who are tasked to pass on to the present generation
knowledge threatened with extinction.
NCCA chairman Felipe M. de Leon , Jr. spearheaded the institutionalization of the award. The
law was authored by senators Edgardo J. Angara, Heherson Alvarez, Leticia ramos-Shahani,
SOtero Laurel and congresswoman Kate Gordon.
On April 3, 1992, President Corazon C. Aquino signed Republic Act No. 7355, providing for the
recognition of the national living treasures, otherwise known as the Manlilikha ng Bayan, and the
promotion and development of traditional folk arts.
On December 17, 1993, the first awarding ceremony for Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan was
held at the Malacaňan Palace.
How does one become a Manlilikha ng Bayan?
To become a Manlilikha ng Bayan”, the candidate must possess the following:
1. He/She is an inhabitant of an indigenous/traditional cultural community anywhere in the
Philippines that has preserved indigenous customs, beliefs, rituals and traditions and/or
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has syncretized whatever external elements that have influenced it.

2. He/She must have engaged in a folk art tradition that has been in existence and
documented for at least fifty(50)years.
3. He/She must have consistently performed or produced over significant period, works of
superior and distinctive quality.
4. He/She must possess a mastery of tools and materials needed by the art, and must have an
established reputation in the arts as master and maker of works of extraordinary technical
quality.
5. He/She must have passed on and/or will pass on to other members of the community their
skills in the folk art for which the community is traditionally known.
A traditional artist who possesses all the qualities of a Manlilikha ng Bayan candidate, but due to
age or infirmity has left him/her incapable of teaching further hi/her craft, may still be
recognized if:
1. He/She has created a significant body of works and/or has consistently displayed
excellence in the practice of his/her art, thus achieving important contributions for its
development.
2. He/She has been instrumental in the revitalization of his/her community’s artistic
tradition.
3. He/She has passed on to the other members of the community skills in the folk art for
which the community is traditionally known.
4. His/Her community has recognized him/her as master and teacher of his/her craft.
What are the incentives received by the awardee?

A Manlilika ng Bayan awardee receives a specially designed medallion, an initial grant of
P100,000 and P10.0000 monthly stipend for life. In consonance with the provision of Republic
Act No. 7355, which states that “the monetary grant may be increased whenever circumstances
so warrant, “the NCCA board approved monthly personal allowance of P14,000 for the
awardees as well as a maximum cumulative amount of P750,000 medical and hospitalization
benefit annually similar to that received by the National Artists and funeral assistance /tribute fit
for a National Living Treasure.
GAMABA Awardees
GINAW BILOG (+ 2003), Poet, Hanunuo Mangyan, Panaytayan,

LANG DULAY (+2015) , Textile Weaver, T’boli,
Oriental Mindoro, 1993
Lake Sebu, South Cotabato , 1998
 Awarded for faithfully preserving the Hanunuo Mangyan
script and ambalan poetry.
 A T’boli of Lake Sebu, South Cotabato, was
 He has promoted the local script and poetry so that the art
awarded for weaving the abaca ikat cloth called
will not be lost but preserved for posterity.
t’nalak.
 She has produced creations which remain
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faithful to the T’boli tradition as manifested in
the complexity of her design, fineness of
SALINTA MONON (+ 2009), Textile Weaver, Tagabawa,

Bagobo, Bansalan, Davao del Sur, 1998
 She was awarded for fully demonstrating the creative and

expressive aspects of the Bagobo abaca ikat weaving
called inabal at a time when such art is threatened with
extinction.
ALONZO SACLAG, Musician and Dancer, Kalinga

for Lubuagan, Kalinga, 2000
 A Kalinga of Lubuagan, Kalinga was awarded for his

mastery of the Kalinga dance and the performing arts.
 He was also recognized for his persistence to create

and nurture a greater consciousness and appreciation of
Kalinga culture among the Kalinga themselves and
beyond their borders.
21
FEDERICO CABALLERO, Epic Chanter, Sulod-Bukidnon,

Calinog, Iloilo, 2000
 He has worked hard to document the oral literature

UWANG AHADAS, Musician, Yakan , Lamitan, Basilan, 2000
of his people.
 He preserved the epics that use a language that has
 A Yakan
long beenof dead
Lamitan, Basilan
by working waswith
together awared for his
scholars,
dexterity in playing Yakan musical instruments such as
artists, and advocates of culture.
the kwintagan, gabbang, agung, kwintagang kayu,
tuntungan among others.
 He has a deep knowledge of the aesthetic possibilities

and social contexts of those instruments.
 In spite of the dimming of his eyesight, he has

developed devoted his life to the teaching of Yakan
musical traditions.
EDUARDO MUTUC, Metalsmith, Kapampangan , Apalit,

Pampanga , 2004
 A Kapampangan from Central Luzon is recognized for reviving

the Spanish colonial-era craft of Plateria.
 This self-taught master craftsman found his calling in
producing religious and secular art in silver, bronze and
wood.
 In doing so, and in his pursuit of perfection for himself and
DARHATA hisSAWABI
apprentices, he assures
(+ 2005), the continuity
Textile of this rich
Weaver, Tausug, Parang,
Sulu, 2004
tradition.
 She is one of the master weavers in the island of Jolo.

 Like most women in their tribe, she has learned the art
of weaving the pis syabit, the traditional cloth tapestry
worn as head cover by the Tausu of Jolo, from her
mother.
22
HAJA AMINA APPI (+ 2013), Mat Weaver, Sama, Tandubas,

Tawi-Tawi , 2004
 She is recognized as the master mat weaver among

the Sama indigenous community of Ungos Matata.
Her mats are known for their complex geometric
patterns, proportion, and unique combination of
colors.
TEOFILO GARCIA, Casque Maker, Ilocano, San Quintin, Abra,

2012
 He learned how to make gourd casques and weave

baskets from his grandfather at the age of 16.
 Since he learned the craft, he never stopped
experimenting with other designs.
 He previously used nito(vine trimmings) to decorate the
headgear and then used with other materials such as
bamboo after his supplier from Cagayan passed away.
MAGDALENA GAMAYO, Textile Weaver, Ilocano, Pinili, Ilocos Norte,

2012
 She has taught herself the traditional patterns of binakol,
inuritan(geometric design), kusikos(spiral forms similar to oranges),
and sinan-sabong (flowers).
National
Artists  She has learned the art of weaving from her aunt and started harnessing
her innate skills at the age of 16. She may be in her late 80s but she still
manages to arrange threads on the loom, which is the hardest task in
If you’re given
textile weaving.
AMBALANG AUSALIN, Textile Weaver, Yakan of Basilan, 2016, (born
4 March 1943)
 Her skill is deemed incomparable: she 23is able to bring forth all
designs and actualize all textile categories typical to the Yakan.
 She can execute the suwah bekkat(cross-stitch-like

the title of National Artist, you can consider yourself one of the best. By being given the title, it
means you have given significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts and letters.
The recognition is given to those who excel in the fields of Music, Dance, Theatre, Visual Arts,
Literature, Film and Broadcast, and Architecture or Allied Arts.
The very first recipient of this award was painter Fernando Amorsolo, who was touted as the
“Grand Old Man of Philippine Art.” He was the sole awardee in the year 1972, a National Artist
for Visual Arts.
A person who receives this title gets the following honors and privileges:
1. Rank and title of National Artist, as proclaimed by the President of the Philippines;
2. Insignia of a National Artist and a citation;
3. Cash awards, monthly life pension, medical, and hospitalization benefits, life insurance
coverage, state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani (Heroes’ Cemetery), and a
place of honor at national state functions along with recognition at cultural events
There are 66 recognized National Artists to date, with the fields of Visual Arts, Literature, and
Music having the most number of recognized National Artists.
Here are some of the more well-known National Artists of the Philippines:
Leandro V. Locsin (Architecture, 1990)
A man who believes that true Philippine Architecture “is the product of two
great streams of culture, the oriental and the occidental… to produce a new
object of profound harmony,” Leandro V. Locsin is the man responsible for
designing everything you see at CCP Complex – the Cultural Center of the
Philippines, Folk Arts Theatre, Philippine International Convention Center,
Philcite, and The Westin Hotel (now Sofitel Philippine Plaza).
(Photo grabbed from arkitektura.ph)
Levi Celerio (Literature and Music, 1997)
Levi Celerio, a prolific lyricist and composer, is known for having

effortlessly translating or rewriting lyrics of traditional Filipino melodies
Lino Brocka
like “O Maliwanag Na Buwan” (Cinema,
24 1997)
(Iloko), “Ako ay May Singsing”
(Pampango), and “Alibangbang” (Visaya). He’s also been immortalized
in the Guinness Book of
Catalino World
“Lino” Records
Ortiz Brockaasisthe only to
known person
manytoasmake
one of, if not the
music using justgreatest
a leaf. Filipino director of all time. He espoused “freedom of
expression” throughout all his films, injecting each and every one with a
(Photo grabbed from NCCA)
(Photo grabbed from Rappler)

(Photo courtesy of NCCA via flickr)
Carlos “Botong” Francisco (Visual Arts, 1973)
Hailing from the Art Capital of the Philippines, Angono native Carlos
“Botong” Francisco is known for single-handedly reviving the modern art
of murals through works that showed slices of the past. He was such a
prolific muralist that he became its most well-known practitioner for
almost 30 years
Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero (Theater, 1997)

Leonor Orosa Goquingco
Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero is a teacher and theater artist who, in his 35 years of
Leonor Orosa Goquingco is teaching,
a pioneer hasFilipino
mentored choreographer known tobest Filipino performing artists,
some of the country’s
many as “The Trailblazer,” including
“The Mother of Philippine
Joy Virata and JooneeTheater Dance,”
Gamboa. He is also the founder and artistic
and “Dean of Filipino Performing Arts Critics.” She has produced
director of the UP Mobile Theater, leading the way for the concept of a theater
stunning choreographies during campusher 50-yeartheater
by bringing career,
closerhighlighted by audiences in the countryside.
to students and
“Filipinescas: Philippine Life, Legend, and Love,” which elevated native
folk dance to its highest stage of development.
(Photo grabbed from NCCA via flickr)
Sionil Jose (Literature, 2001)
One of the few living national artists, F. Sionil Jose is best known for
creating the five-novel masterpiece known as the Rosales 25 saga: Poon;
Tree; My Brother, My Executioner; The Pretenders; and Mass. Set in
the town of Rosales, Pangasinan, it talks about the five generations of
two families, the Samsons and the Asperri, during the Spanish and
American occupation.
(Photo grabbed from fsioniljose.com)
Lucrecia R. Kasilag (Music, 1989)
If you’re a fan of Filipino artists that blend Filipino ethnic and

Western music, then you should probably get to know Lucrecia R.
Kasilag. An educator, composer, performing artist, administrator, and
cultural entrepreneur, she is seen as the pioneering figure for fusing
Filipino ethnic and Western music, helping elevate Filipino’s
appreciation for music. Her best work is the prize-winning Toccata
for Percussions and Winds, Divertissement and Concertante, which
incorporates indigenous Filipino instruments.
(Photo grabbed from NCCA)
Source: National Commission for Culture and the Arts, Official Gazette
http://primer.com.ph/tips-guides/2016/07/27/whos-who-national-artists-of-the-philippines/
(September 7,2018)
The 7 Newly Awarded Artists in the Philippines
The Order of National Artists is the

highest recognition given by the
government to Filipinos who have
made significant contributions to the
development of Philippine arts. The
Philippine president names them
26
based on the recommendations of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts and the
Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP).
The country’s 7 new National Artists are:
1. Larry Alcala, National Artist for Visual Arts
Editorial cartoonist and illustrator Alcala’s pen brought to life the cartoon series Slice of Life in
the Weekend Magazine, Mang Ambo in the Weekly Graphic, and Kalabog en Bosyo, the first
comic strip where characters spoke in Taglish. His many works portrayed the idiosyncracies of
the Filipino, especially our ability to laugh at ourselves in the face of great adversity, as
personified in the character of Mang Ambo. The two detectives in Kalabog en Bosyo were
brought to the big screen and played by comedians Dolphy and Panchito in a film by Sampaguita
Pictures. Alcala died in 2002 at the age of 75.
2. Amelia Lapeña Bonifacio, National Artist for Theater
For her work in writing plays, promoting children’s theater, and puppetry, Bonifacio has been
called the “Grande Dame of Southeast Asian Children’s Theater.” She has penned 40 plays, 20
books, and 30 stories, according to panitikan.ph, and was chairperson of the University of the
Philippines’ Creative Writing Program. She founded Teatrong Mulat ng Pilipinas, a children’s
theater and puppetry troupe based in UP.
3. Ryan Cayabyab, National Artist for Music
“Mr C” is perhaps the most famous Filipino composer in recent history. He has composed
musical scores for award-winning films, 10 full-length Filipino musicals, full-length ballets, a
major opera, and a plethora of songs, including beloved classics like “Tuwing Umuulan at
Kapiling Ka” and “Da Coconut Nut.” A force for original Pilipino music, he has spearheaded the
Philippine Popular Music Festival and served as judge in talent shows, like Philippine Idol and
Philippine Dream Academy. He leads the 7-member Ryan Cayabyab Singers.
4. Francisco ‘Bobby’ Mañosa, National Artist for Architecture
If Mañosa is a name unknown to you, the same likely cannot be said of his iconic works. The
architect known for his modern interpretation of Philippine architectural design and use of
indigenous materials is behind the Coconut Palace, world-famous Amanpulo Resort in Palawan,
Pearl Farm in Samal Island, Shangri-La Hotel in Mactan, and the San Miguel building in
Mandaluyong, among others. For his pioneering vision and promotion of indigenous Filipino
architecture, Mañosa has garnered many accolades, both locally and internationally.
5. Resil Mojares, National Artist for Literature
Mojares is a multi-awarded writer, historian, and literary critic. His works include Origins and
Rise of the Filipino Novel, The War Against the Americans, and books about eminent Filipinos,
such as Vicente Sotto, Pedro Paterno, Isabelo delos Reyes, and Trinidad Pardo de Tavera. He has
27
won several National Book Awards from the Manila Critics Circle and founded the Cebuano
Studies Center, a library and research center dedicated to Cebuano culture and history.
6. Ramon Muzones, National Artist for Literature
Muzones is the preeminent name in West Visayan fiction. He is best known for his Hiligaynon
novel Margosatubig: The Story of Salagunting, about a fictional Muslim state in Mindanao and
the struggles of its hero, Salagunting, to wrest it from the clutches of usurpers. A tale that
combines intrigue, romance, pre-colonial lore, fantasy, and adventure, it unfolded as a series in
the Hiligaynon magazine Yuhum. In 1989, he received the Gawad CCP para sa Sining, an award
given every 3 years to artists whose works have enriched their art form. His proclamation as
National Artist is posthumous as Muzones died in 1992.
7. Kidlat Tahimik, National Artist for Cinema
Widely regarded as the father of independent Philippine cinema, Kidlat Tahimik (real name: Eric
de Guia) is known for creating films that humorously but evocatively critique neocolonialism. A
native of Baguio City, Tahimik has garnered numerous international and local awards for his
films. His first, Perfumed Nightmare (1977), won the International Critics Award at the Berlin
Film Festival. He has gone on to inspire generations of Filipino filmmakers to forge on with their
independent vision, regardless of commercial considerations. In 2009, he received the UP Gawad
Plaridel Award, the University of the Philippines’ highest award recognizing achievements in
media.
– Rappler.com
https://www.rappler.com/nation/214953-list-national-artists-philippines-for-2018(Retrieved on
February 18, 2018)
Let’s Watch!
ABS-CBN News about the 7 Newly Proclaimed Artists in the Country

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhCQQJ675KA
Post-test
1. It is the highest recognition given to Filipino individuals who have made significant
contributions to the development of Philippine arts.
a. National Artists Award
2. The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan was institutionalized through:

a. Republic Act No. 7335
28
3. Which of the following is an award that acknowledges folk and indigenous artists who,
despite the modern times, remain true to their traditions?
Answer: Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Awards or GAMABA
4. These artists are also recognized as the country’s:

Answer: National Living Treasures
5. Which of the following spearheaded the institutionalization of the award?

Answer: NCCA chairnman Felipe M. de Leon
6. He was the very first recipient of being the National Artist for Visual Arts.
a. Fernado Amorsolo
References
https://aboutphilippines.ph/files/Gamaba-Awardees.pdf(September 11, 2018)
http://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/gamaba/
Module 5
CLASSIFYING THE ARTS
Introduction
Art is classified in different ways. Various authors have their own classification of art.
Generally, arts are grouped into two: major arts and minor arts. Major arts include painting,
architecture, sculpture, literature, music, and dance. On the other hand, minor arts include the
decorative arts, the popular arts, the graphic arts, the plastic arts, and industrial arts.
The arts are generally grouped into two: major and minor arts.
29
Learning Outcomes
a. Discuss the different forms of the arts
b. Cite examples of each form
Discussion
According to Webster, the major arts involve man’s skills to create works of art that are in form,
content, and execution, aesthetically pleasing and meaning as in music, painting, architecture,
and sculpture. They are called major arts because they appeal to the senses of sight, hearing, and
feeling. They are more notable and conspicuous in effect. On the other hand, the aesthetic factor
in the minor arts lies in the “styling”. They are addressed primarily to the sense of sight and their
usefulness. The minor arts are inferior in degree, especially in the extent of aesthetic quality.
Merriam Webster. Illustrated Contemporary Dictionary, Encyclopedia Edition,(Chicago,
Illinois: J.G. Feguson, Publishing Co., 1987, pp. 718, 757.
According to Manaois, there are two (2) general dimensions of arts, namely, (1) fine arts or
independent arts made principally for aesthetic enjoyment through the senses, especially visual
and auditory such as painting, sculpture, architecture, literature, theater, performing arts, and (2)
practical arts or utilitarian arts intended for practical use or the development of raw materials
for functional purposes such as industrial art, civic art, commercial art, graphic art, agricultural
and fishery art.
Estolas (1995) grouped arts into:
1. Visual Arts. These artworks are perceived by our eyes which may be classified into
graphic arts and plastic arts. Graphic arts have flat two-dimensional surface such as
painting industry. It covers the commercial arts like the design of books, advertisements,
signs, posters and other displays for advertisements. Plastic arts are visual arts which
have three-dimensional forms. Under this grouping are: architectural designs and
construction of buildings and other structures; landscape of gardens, parks, playgrounds,
and golf courses with plants ,trees, vines and ground cover;
2. Performing Arts. These include the theater, play, dance, and music. They involve
movement, speaking and gestures.
3. Literary Arts. These include the short stories, novels, poetry and dramas.
4. Popular Arts. These include the film, newspaper, magazine, radio and television. This
group is characterized as gay and lively.
5. Gustatory Art of the Cuisine. This involves skills in food preparation.
6. Decorative Arts. They are visual objects produced for beautifying houses, offices, cars
and other structures. They are also called applied arts.
Estolas, Josefina V., Clarita G. Javier, & Nieves Pada-Payno. Introduction to
30
Humanities(Arts for Fine Living). Mandaluyong City: National Book Store, Inc.
Sanchez, Abad, and Jao (2001) grouped arts into:
1. Visual arts. These include graphic arts (which include drawing, painting, photography,
etc. or in which portrayals of forms and symbols are recorded on a two-dimensional
surface) and plastic arts (which comprise all fields of visual arts for which materials are
arranged in three-dimensional forms namely, structural architecture, interior arranging,
crafts, sculpture, industrial design, dress and costume design and theatre design.
2. Literature. These include drama, essay, prose fiction, poetry, and miscellaneous (history,
biography, journals, diaries, and other works not formally classed as literature).
3. Music. These include vocal music; instrumental music; music combined with other music
like opera, operatta and musical comedy, oratorio and cantata; and other forms like ballet
music and background music for motion pictures.
4. Drama and Theater. These include tragedy, melodrama, comedy, miscellaneous
5. Dance. These include ethnologic, social or ballroom dances, ballet, modern, musical
comedy
Sanchez, Custodiosa A., Paz F. Abad, & Loreta V. Jao. (2001). Introduction to Humanities.
Quezon City: Rex Printing Company, Inc.
Barrios( ) classified arts into two: according to purpose and according to media and forms.
1. According to purpose
A. Practical or useful arts are those human activities directed to produce artifacts,
tools and utensils used in doing households and everyday chores.
Examples: basket weaving agriculture, etc.
B. Liberal Arts involve the development of man’ intellectual reasoning.
Examples: Mathematics, Astronomy, Grammar
C. Fine Arts are the products of the human creative activity as they express beauty in
different ways and media for the satisfaction and relaxation of man’s mind and
spirit.
Examples: painting, sculpture, architecture
D. Major Arts are characterized by their actual and potential expressiveness and by a
purely disinterested purpose.
Examples: music, poetry, sculpture
E. Minor Arts are works connected with practical uses and purposes.
Examples: interior decoration, porcelain
2. According to Media and Forms

A. Plastic Arts are developed through space and perceived by the sense of sight.
Examples: painting, sculpture, architecture
B. Phonetic Arts are based on sounds and words as media of expression.
Examples: music, drama, literature
C. Kinetic Arts make use of the rhythmic movement as the elements of expression.
31
Example: dance
D. Pure Arts utilize only one medium of expression.
Examples: sound in music, color in painting
E. Mixed Arts use two or more media.
Example: The opera(which is a combination of music, poetry, and drama)
Barrios, Romeo A. ( ). An Experimental Approach in the Study of the Humanities. Ermita,

Manila: Educational Publishing House.
Module 6
Knowing the Subject in Art AND Subject and Content in Art
Introduction
Every time we see a piece of art, the first question we ask is “What is all about?” We are
interested of the image which can be seen in the art. This is what we call subject. Thus, this
module focuses on the subject used in art and the reason of choosing such.
Learning Outcomes
At end of the session, learners are expected to:
a. Distinguish representational from non-representational art;
b. Discuss the different subjects used by an artist; and
32
c. Present a research work.

Discussion
Subject in art refers to any person, object, scene, or event described or represented in a work of
art. In the case of a story, poem or music, subject is the main idea, character or theme of a
composition.
The use of subject in art may be classified into two:

A. Representational or objective art are works of art that have visible subject.
Painting, sculpture, the graphics arts, literature, and the theater arts are considered
representational arts.
B. Non-representational or non-objective art are those that do not have visible subject.
Music, architecture, and many of the functional arts are non-representational.
They appeal directly to the senses primarily because of the satisfying organization of
their sensuous and expressive elements.
Subject refers to the objects depicted by the artist.
Content refers to what the artist expresses or communicates on the whole in his work.
- Sometimes it is spoken of as the meaning of the work.
- In literature it is called the “theme”.
- It reveals the attitude toward his subject.
Subject matter may acquire different levels of meaning:

1. Factual meaning is the literal statement or the narrative content in the work which can
be directly apprehended because the objects presented are easily recognized.
2. Conventional meaning refers to the special meaning that a certain object or color has for
a particular culture or group of people.
Example;
Flag is the agreed-upon symbol for a nation.
Cross is a Christian symbol of faith
Wheel is the Buddhist symbol for the teachings of Gautama Buddha
3. Subjective meaning is any personal meaning consciously or unconsciously conveyed by
the artist using a private symbolism which stems from his own association of certain
objects, actions, or colors with past experiences.
- This can be fully understood only when the artist himself explains what he really means.
33
Common subject depicted in art

1. Landscape, seascape, cityscape
- Artists have always been fascinated with their physical environment.

- Filipino painters have captures on canvas the Philippine countryside, as well as the
sea bathed in pale moonlight or catching the reflection of the setting sun.
- Fernando Amorsolo romanticized Philippine landscapes, turning the rural areas into
idyllic places where agrarian problems are virtually unknown.
- Modern painters seem to more attracted to scenes in cities. Traffic jams, high-rises,
and skylines marked by uneven rooftops and television antennae have caught their
fancy.
2. Still life
- Groups of inanimate objects arranged in an indoors setting such as flower and fruit
arrangements, musical instruments, dishes of food on dining tables.
3. Animals
- The earliest known paintings are representations of animals on the walls of caves.
- In fact, the carabao has been a favorite subject of Filipino artists.
4. Portraits
- A portrait is a realistic likeness of a person in a sculpture, painting, drawing, or print.

- Besides the face, other things worth noticing in portraits are the subject’s hand, which
can be very expressive, and his particular attire and accessories. They reveal so much
of the person and his time.
- Portraits are also used to mark milestones in people’s lives. Baptisms, graduations,
and weddings are often occasions for people to pose for their portraits.
5. Figures
- The sculpture’s chief subject has traditionally been the human body, nude or clothed.
- The grace and ideal proportions of the human form were captured in religious
sculpture by the ancient Greeks. To them physical beauty was the symbol of moral
and spiritual perfections; thus, they portrayed their gods and goddesses as possessing
human shapes.
6. Everyday life
- Artists have always shown deep concern about life around them.
34
- Rice threshers, cockfighters, candle vendors, street musicians, children at play, etc.
7. History and legend
-History consists of verifiable facts, legends of unverifiable ones.

-Juan Luna’s Blood Compact, not at Malacanang, commemorates the agreement between
Sikatuna and Legaspi which they supposedly sealed by drinking wine in which drops of
each other’s blood had been mixed.
-Luna’s prize-winning Spolarium depicts a scene during the days of the early Roman
Empire when gladiatorial fights were a popular form of entertainment for the upper class.
-At Ford Santiago are paintings showing incidents in the life of Jose Rizal.
-Malakas and Maganda and Mariang Makiling are among the legendary subjects which
have been rendered in painting and sculpture by not a few Filipino artists.
8. Religion and myths
-Most of the world’s religions have used arts to aid worship, to instruct, to inspire
feelings of devotion, and to impress and covert non-believers.
-Some Filipino artists attempted to render in art not only traditional religious themes but
folk beliefs in creatures of lower mythology as well. Solomon Saprid has done statues of
the tikbalang, and some painters have rendered their own ideas about the matanda sa
punso, asuwang, tianak, mankukulam.
9. Dreams and fantasies
- Dreams are usually vague and illogical.

- Artist, especially the surrealist, have tried to depict dreams, as well as the grotesque
terrors and apprehensions that lurk in the depths of the subconscious.
Research Work
1. Have a research about the life of Maranaws. Try to look into the value or importance
sarimanok.
2. Look for a piece of art that depicts the history of the Philippines.
35
Module 7
Ways of Representing a Subject
Introduction
The manner of representing subject matter varies according to the inventiveness and
purpose of each artist. In presenting everything, certain methods are employed in order to be
effective. Just for example, in presenting the art subject, the artist uses different methods to
express the idea he wants to make clear.
Learning Outcomes
1. Discuss each of the methods in representing a subject.
36
Discussion
THE DIFFERENT METHODS USED BY ARTIST IN PRESENTING THE ART

SUBJECTS ARE:
1. Realism
-In art this is the attempt to portray the subject as it is. Even when the artist chooses a
subject from nature, he selects, changes, and arranges details to express ideas he wants to
make clear. Realist try to be as objective as possible. In realism, the artist main function is
describe as accurately and honestly as possible what is observed through the senses.
- is a common way of presenting the art subject. Example of this are Amorsolo’s
painting.
- tended to stress the daily life of a common man, often concentrating on the sordid
and disagreeable.
-Poetry and drama were influenced by realism, but it was on the novel that realism
achieved greatness
Note:
- In the process of selecting and presenting his material, he cannot help being influenced by
what he feels or thinks.
-Examples of novels who were influenced by the ideas of realism:
1. Edgardo Reyes- Sa mga kuko ng liwanag.
2. Efren Abueg- Dilim sa umaga.
2.Abstraction
This is used when the artist becomes too interested in one phase of scene or situation that he
does not show the subject as an objective reality, but only his idea, or his feeling about it.
-Abstract means “to move a way or to seperate”. Abstract art moves away from showing
things as they really are. The painter or artist paints the picture not as it really are. The
painter of artist paints the picture not as it really looked. The picture is not just life. It is not
“realistic”.
-abstract subjects can also be presented in many ways like:
 Distortion - this is a clearly manifested when the subject is in misshapen condition, or the
regular shape is twisted out.
- Example: Henry Moore’s sculptural works and the ancient egyptian paintings and
sculptural works are good examples of this kind.
37
 Elongation- it refers to that which is being lengthened, a protractor or an extension.

-Example:El Greco’s elongated body of Jesus Christ in his “ Ressurection”is an example of
elongation.
 Mangling-this may not be a commonly used way of presenting an abstract, but there are few
artists who show subject or objects which are cut, lacerated, mutlated or with repeated
blows.
38
 Cubism-it stresses abstract from through the use of a cone, cylinder, or shape at the expense
of other pictorial elements. The cubist want to show forms in their basic geometrical shapes.
-Example: Paul Cezanne’s works played an important part in the development of cubism.
It was further developed by George Braque of france and Pablo Picasso of Spain.
 Abstract Expressionism- a style of abstract painting that originated in New York City after
World War II and gained and international vague.
-The term abstract expressionism was first applied to the New York school, whose work
is characterized by great verve, the use of large canvasses, and a deliberate lack of
refinement in the application of the paint.
-In other words, abstract expressionism departs completely from subject matter from
studied precision, and from any kind of preconceived design. Jackson Pollock was one of
the abstract expressionist painters of the New York school.
3. Symbolism- a symbol, in general, is a visible sign of something invisible such as an idea or

a quality. It can be simply an emblem or sign like:% to represent percent, a lion to represent a
courage, a lamb to represent meekness. These well known symbols arise from conventional
usage, association, and general relationship. The conventional type of symbol is not absent
for works of art.
-But in poetry and painting, the symbol has a feer development. It transcends the everyday
run-of-the-mill sign and assumes a new and fresh meaning, originating from a highly
personal and even unique association form in the mind of the poet or painters.
-Example: Alfred Lord Tennyson’s “Crossing the Bar”
39
For tho’ from out our bourne of time and place

The flood may bear me far
I hope to see my pilot face to face
When I have cross the bar.
- the last two lines symbolical for it clearly shows the strong desire of the authors to see
God when he dies.
- If a man has a hundred sheep and one of them strays, does he not live the ninety-nine on
the mountains to go out in search of the stray one? And if he manage to find it, I assure
you that he is happier over that one than over the ninety-nine that did not stray. So, it is
not the will of your heavenly Father that one of these little ones should be lost.
Mathew 18:12-14
- A number of indespensable painting of noted Filipino painters are found in the
National Museum. An example id the Giant size painting of Juan Luna, painted in
Rome. July 1883 to March 1884. This say painting won the first gold medal in the
Madrid exposition of the fine arts in 1884. The “Spoliarium” is an old painting on
canvas 4.25 meter by 7.75 meter.
-The “Lion of Lucerne”, famous masterpiece of the early 19 th century is dedicated to
the memory of the heroic fight and final defeat of the swiss guard in 1792 in Paris.
August 10th of the year marks the beginning of the bloody days of the French
Revolution with the storming of the royal palace. The lion always considered a
symbol of courage and strength, served the artist to demonstrate a fragic event a
fight to the death.
40
- The model is the work of the famous Danish Sculptor Berrtel Thorwaldsen (1789-1056) and
was hewn into the rock 1820/21 by L. Ahorn (1789-1856)
4. Fauvism- Fauvism is the style of les Fauves (French for "the wild beasts"), a group of
early 20th-century modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities and strong
color over the representational or realistic values retained by Impressionism.This was first
important art movement of the 1900’s. Henry Matisse led the movement and the other
important fauves included Andre Derain, Raoul Drify, George Rouault, all from France.
(example. Different kinds of color)
5. Surrealism- Realism plus distortion

6. Futurism-Future art
41
MODULE 8
FUNCTION OF ARTS
FUNCTION IN ARTS
- compared to other activities of man
-practically usefulness
# architecture , weaving, furniture-making are some example of FUNCTION OF ARTS

#painting , sculpture , theater, literature and music this are the example OF
FUNCTIONAL.
Arts is classified according to functions,

1. PERSONAL FUNCTION
- expression of their feelings and ideas.
Example: MUSIC and LITERATURE ( expressing our emotion)
42
2. SOCIAL FUNCTION
- art is closely related to every aspect of social life. (1. it seek or trends to influence the
collective behavior of a people., 2. it is created to be seen or used primarily in public
situation., and 3. express or describe social or collective aspects of existence as opposed to
individual and personal kinds of experiences. )
1. INFLUENCINF SOCIAL FUNCTION.

-the way we think, feel and act
-laugh at certain phenomena
-raise our voice
SEE A SOCIAL REALITY LIKE:
1. PICTORIAL FORM - is a very power means of putting across a message.
Example: painting, photography, poster, cartoons.
2. EDITORIAL CARTOONS- newspaper and magazines.
- convey the massage more directly and clearly than the printed word.
3. LITERATURE.
43
Module 1
PREHISTORIC ART: APPRECIATING THE BEAUTY OF THE PAST
Introduction
Art shows the beauty of the past as history tells us the story of earlier times. Learning
about prehistoric art is like travelling thousands of years back and give s us opportunities to learn
how art was utilized by our ancestors, how they valued it and how this depicted their daily lives.
In this module we will journey back to visit the cave paintings of prehistoric people
during Stone Age. We will appreciate the beautiful ornaments they carved with their hands using
limited hand tools and see how these things were intertwined with their daily activities. More
will be unpacked as you go along this module.
The module will familiarize you with the monumental and architectural structures
erected in Southern England, Egypt, China and other parts of the world. We
Pack your curiosity and inquisitiveness as we travel along through this module. Bring
your artistic sense and knowledge of history. These will all be your travel guides in our journey
to appreciate the Prehistoric Art.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the module, you will be able to:
44
b. Distinguish salient characteristics of artworks produced by pre-historic people

from different countries; (K)
c. Create a collage capturing the way of life of the pre-historic people; (S) and
d. Demonstrate your appreciation of the different pre-historic artworks through
differentiated activities.(A)
Before we start the discussion, let’s evaluate our prior knowledge about these prehistoric
artworks. You will be given 3 minutes to do it.
Pre-test
I. Read and analyze the given statements, then identify whether it is true or false.
1. In pre-historic times, artworks reflected the beliefs of humans about life and fertility.
2. Asian art is essentially religious in nature.
3. The impact of contacts with peoples of mainland Asia and the middle East resulted in
new ideas in art among the Filipinos.
4. China is noted for its pottery, while India is famous for its Taj Mahal.
5. Pantheon is to Greek; Parthenon is to Rome.
6. The only structure on Earth that you can see from the moon is the State of Liberty.
7. Egyptian’s architectural wonders include the pyramids which served as tombs for the
Pharaohs’ resting place.
8. Iliad and Odyssey are the two great epics of India.
9. The art works found in burial sites reveal the traditional practice “pabaon” among people
on Southeast Asia.
10. The three architectural orders contributed by Greeks are Corinthian, Ionic, and Tuscan.
II. Have a closer look at the artworks. Give their names and indicate where you can find them.
Pick out your answer in the box provided below. Write your answer on the blanks provided.
Name:__________ Name:____________
Place:___________ Place:____________
Name: __________ Name:____________
Place: __________ Place:____________
45
Name: __________ Name:____________
Place: __________ Place:____________
Artworks Place
Taj Mahal, Manunggul Jar, Hanging Garden , China, India, Philippines, Greece, Italy, France,
Ziggurat, Pyramid, Colosseum, Sphinx, Great Rome, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Japan, Vietnam
Wall
This time, let’s see if you have a rich background as regards appreciating these great artworks in
the world.
Try to assess you performance based on the given scores and their descriptive value.
22 Excellent
17-21 Good
8-16 Fair
0-7 Poor
Congratulations! You did a great job.
Discussion
The prehistoric period covers the three periods of Stone Age (roughly from 14,000-2,000
BCE) which include Paleolithic (Old Stone Age), Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) and the
Neolithic (New Stone Age).
Archeological artifacts reveal magnificent artworks found in caves such as the Hall of
Bulls in Lascaux, France during Paleolithic Period. Contours of animal’s body can be seen in the
drawings evoking naturalism. Some say that these kinds of caves also found in other parts of the
world served as a kind of sanctuary where religious rituals are performed. (Caslib,Jr. 2018).
Development in the civilizations are also seen in the Stonehenge located in Southern
England which until now is a mystery. Its purpose is yet unknown.
Chinese Art. Prehistoric art in China emerged during the period 7500BCE to 2000BCE
characterized by a more settled lifestyle based on farming, rearing of domesticated animals
which led them to create crafts such as pottery and weaving. Though arts for them is functional
artists were able to focus on ornamentation and decoration as well. Jewelry, carvings, sculptures
in wood and stone. Other forms evolved in China which capture the richness of the Chinese
culture. (www.visual –arts-cork.com)
Egypt Art. Egyptian prehistoric art can be described as spiritual and religious. Tombs
46
were erected for the pharaohs which shelter them as they journey to the afterlife. They decorated
the tombs with the things they use in daily life. Pharaohs are also given absolute authority and
revered as a deity. The pyramids were constructed by workers who painstakingly moved huge
stones and materials ensuring the excellent quality of the outside and inside of it. The palette of
King Namer is larger than the others and some figures such as lion-like figures with intertwined
necks, denoting authority and power of the king. (Caslib,Jr. 2018)
Philippine Art. The Philippines is known for its Manunggul jar, a burial jar, found in
Palawan in the New Stone Age dated 895-775 BC. It represents the artistry and understanding of
early Filipinos about their belief in the journey that a soul travels in the so called life after death
or “kabilang buhay”. The jar’s lid is designed with two human figures representing two two souls
on a vogaye to the afterlife. (www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph.)
The oldest known works of art form from
Philippines prehistory are the Angono
petroglyphs. The Angono petrogylphs are located
on the island of Luzon in Rizal province. A
petroglyph is an engraving in a rock face. It can be
found all over the world and represents the work
of prehistoric peoples. A petroglyph is different
form a petrograph. Petrographs are drawing or
painting on a rock face. Some petroglyphs are
thought to be a form of communication. They may
be maps or even an early form of writing.
Petroglyphs may also have an important cultural
and religious significance to early cultures.
(http:www.alearningfamily.com/main/angono-petroglyphs-
prehistoric-philippine-art/ Photo:
Angono Petroglyphs(Creative Common: Wikipedia)
Greek Art. Prehistoric Greek paintings bear motif of sea and nature during the pre-Greek
period. In the next period Egyptian influence can be seen. Human characters are expression of
divine system. Prehistoric sculptures were figures of nude male statues in Daedalic Period. In
Classical age came sculptures of gods and goddesses. The human body became the emphaisis of
art during this period. Moving to later Greek period showed figures of human with minimal
clothing. In architecture, Ancient Greek
temples consist of three architectural orders
called the Corinthian, Ionic and Doric Orders
(Ariola, M.M., 2014).
Parthenon in Athens reflects the Doric
order. It ranks among the masterpieces of
world architecture. It has monumental
entrances or propylae. It is best represented by
The Parthenon, 447-432 BC, Athens
47
the famous gateway to the Athenian acropolis.
Roman Art. Greek and Etruscan influences were evident in Roman art.
The Roman important contribution to the
development of architecture are: its structural engineering
particularly in developing concrete reinforced by embedded
brick arches and powerful materials for creating new vaults.
These were the flexible groined vault and the dome, and the
(2) engineering design in planning cities in orderly blocks
and in creating the balanced layout of the great civic centers
called forums.(The Development of Western Thought,
Reading in Art…Vol. I 1976, pp.93-94) http://www.colosseum.net/listingview.php?listingID=1
I. Identify at least two major artworks contributed by each of the countries.
Countries Artworks How does the artwork describe the culture
of the country?
Philippines
China
Greece
Rome
Egypt
48
II. Group Activity. Prepare/create a collage capturing the salient characteristics of each of the
countries.
Outputs will be graded using the given rubrics below.
Creativity Content/Message Originality Resourcefulness

5points 5points 5points 5points
III. Survey and list down some of the prehistoric artworks that may still be existing in your
community. If none, what are these artworks which somewhat similar to these prehistoric
artworks?
Pre-historic Artworks Similar artworks existing today
Post-test
I. Read and identify what is being asked in the given statement.
____________1. It is known as period of prehistoric human culture, during which work was
done
with stone tools.
____________2. It is considered as the oldest form of art in China.
____________3. It is the art of writing beautifully, generally in freehand, with pen or brush on
paper or any similar material.
____________4. It is the most simple abstraction of the serpent and this is the most commonly
used figure in Maranaw art.
____________5. This period shows that development of glass technology and art of weaving in
the Philippines as the Filipinos strove for better control over their
environment.
____________6. This combines the body of a lion with the head of the Pharoah Khafre and the
largest surviving colossus and a majestic symbol of royal power.
____________7. It is an impressionic structure, rectangular and with enclosed elaborately
49
engineered interior.
____________8. It has a distinct cover showing the figures of men in a bot, presumably paddling
toward the after-life.
____________9. It is an epic poem celebrating the glory of Rome.
____________10. It is the tallest and most slender of the three architectural orders; it has a
capital
featuring curling acanthus leaves, and it has base.
____________11. This early form of art communicate something about life during the New
Stone
Age. It is thought to be a form of communication.
____________12. It is a tower-like structure which strove to reach the skies.
____________13. It is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the
Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra.
____________14. It was called the largest amphitheater in the Roman world.
____________15.
Ionic Aeneid Calligraphy

Corinthian Iliad and Odyssey Petroglyph
Mannunggul jar Ziggurat Pottery
Petrograph Pyramid Sphinx
“S” form Sarimanok Neolithic period
Paleolithic Period Ziggurat Taj Mahal
Colosseum Basilica Truscan
REFERENCES
Ariola, Mariano M. Introduction to Art Appreciation. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.
Tabotabo, Claudio V., Ronald M. Corpuz, & RyanF. Hidalgo. Introduction to the Humanities
and the basics of Art Appreciation. Intramuros, Manila: Purely Books Trading & Publishing
Corp.
http://masterpieces.asemus.museum/masterpiece/detail.nhn?objectId=11070(Retrieved on Oct.
18, 2018)
http://www.alearningfamily.com/main/angono-petroglyphs-prehistoric-philippine-art/(Oct. 18,2018
(www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph.)
(www.visual –arts-cork.com)
https://mythicalroutes.com/greek-architectural-orders/(Retrieved on Oct. 19, 2018)
https://www.tajmahal.gov.in/(Retrieved on Oct. 19,2018)
http://www.colosseum.net/listingview.php?listingID=1(Oct. 19, 2018)
http://www.colosseum.net/listingview.php?listingID=8(Oct. 19, 2018)
50
acrowley@comcast.net
vpitts@me.com
/ I. Read and identify what is being asked in the given statement.
1. It is known as period of prehistoric human culture, during which work was done with stone
tools. Prehistoric Art
2. It is considered as the oldest form of art in China. Pottery
3. It is the art of writing beautifully, generally in freehand, with pen or brush on paper or any
similar material. Calligraphy
51
4. It is the most simple abstraction of the serpent and this is the most commonly used figure in
Maranaw art. (S form)
5. This period shows that development of glass technology and art of weaving in the Philippines
as the Filipinos strove for better control over their environment. (Metal Age)
6. This combines the body of a lion with the head of the Pharoah Khafre and the largest
surviving colossus and a majestic symbol of royal power. Sphinx
7. It is an impressionic structure, rectangular and with enclosed elaborately engineered interior.
Pyramid
8. It has a distinct cover showing the figures of men in a bot, presumably paddling toward the
after-life. Burial jar/Manunggul jar
9. It is an epic poem celebrating the glory of Rome. (Aeneid)
10. It is the tallest and most slender of the three architectural orders; it has a capital featuring
curling acanthus leaves, and it has base. (Corinthian)
11. This early form of art communicate something about life during the New Stone Age. It is
thought to be a form of communication. Petroglyph
12. It is a tower-like structure which strove to reach the skies. ziggurat
____________13. The Taj Mahal is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the
Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra.
The delicious roasted smell of fresh coffee in the morning is what gets most of us though the day. But
what if you could use this incredible brew to create works of art? We are talking today about using coffee
in painting techniques as the primary solution instead of the classical acrylic, oil, watercolor or tempera
paint. You can use the solution following the same basic principles used in watercolor painting,, a
resourceful medium able to create texture, shadows, gradients and depth. Lets set The Basic Coffee
Painting Techniques For Beginners.
Here are the Basic materials required for a coffee painting



 Instant coffee
 Water
52
 Watercolor paper
 A set of brushes
 Paper scotch
 A color palette for mixing
Blockout Poetry
 Chances are you’ve seen it before: a full page of text that looks like the
world’s most hard-to-please editor went after it with a thick, black
permanent marker, leaving only a smattering of visible words scattered
across the page. Or, more simply put, something resembling a heavily-
redacted document belonging to the United States government. Sound
familiar? It’s called blackout poetry and it’s been popping up with ever-
increasing frequency on Instagram and Snapchat, in traditionally-published
poetry collections, and even as street art.
 The basic premise behind blackout poetry — also sometimes referred to

as found poetry or erasure poetry , though there are distinctions between the
three — is that the poet takes a found document, traditionally a print
newspaper, and crosses out a majority of the existing text, leaving visible
only the words that comprise his or her poem; thereby revealing an entirely
new work of literature birthed from an existing one. The striking imagery of
the redacted text — eliminated via liberal use of a black marker (hence:
“blackout” poetry) — and the remaining readable text work together to form
a new piece of visual poetry. Pretty cool, right?
But you might be wondering: what about plagiarism? It's a fair question, one that
different writers have different answers for. After all, in composing blackout poetry ,
the poet is technically not writing — they’re erasing what somebody else has
written. Robert Lee Brewer of Writer’s Digest argues that “if you’re not erasing
more than 50% of the text, you’re not making enough critical decisions to create a
new piece of art.” He also notes that crediting the original source is a must.
“Every new idea is just a remix or a mash-up of one or two previous ideas,” says
Kleon, in his TEDx talk. His blackout poetry comes from what he refers to as a
“genealogy of ideas.” Essentially one idea originating from another idea — not
plagiarism, but artistic evolution.
53
Think you're ready to create your own blackout poetry ? Here's what to keep in
mind:
 Know that any original text can serve as a backdrop for blackout poetry —
you don't have to stick with print newspapers. Though, you might not want
to go defacing all your favorite novels... just saying.
 Scan for the most striking words first; those words that stand out, repeat, or
speak to the themes you want to explore in your poem.
 If you're going the traditional blackout route — redacting text with black
marker — then a great pro-tip is to outline the words you're keeping first,
before proceeding to blackout the rest.
 Don’t feel like you have to read your source document in full — start at the
end, jump around, read from right to left; however the muse moves you.
 Remember that what you’re eliminating is just as important as what you’re
leaving visible. Some blackout poets have even started creating visual art
— line drawings, paintings, and more — over the redacted text, instead of
simply blacking out the words.
 Blackout poetry is a great cure for writer’s block, so be ready for those
creative juices to flow.
Oh yeah, and don’t forget to share your blackout poetry with the world! Use the
hashtags #blackoutpoetry and #newspaperblackout to get started.
https://www.bustle.com/p/what-is-blackout-poetry-these-fascinating-poems-are-created-from-
existing-art-78781
54

Understanding Art Appreciation

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Lecture Reference in Prepared by: JOMEL B. MANUEL,MST, Ph.D.

Art Appreciation JIMBOY B. PAGALILAUAN, AB, BSE

Module 2. Understanding the Arts

Module 3. Distinguishing Artist from Artisan

Module 4: Recognizing GAMABA and the National Artists

Module 5. Classifying the Arts

Module 14: Appreciating Literary Arts (Jackielen

their moral teaching.

II. Compare and contrast the Humanities and the Sciences.

II. What is the value of studying the Humanities?

UNDERSTANDING THE ARTS

This time, let’s look at the definitions given by different artists.

“Art teaches nothing, except the significance of life.” (Henry Miller)

“Art is higher type of knowledge than experience.” (Aristotle)

What are the different assumptions about art?

Art as Expression and Communication

Creation refers to the act of combining or re-ordering already existing materials so

Art and Experience

Artwork Message Photo

1. How does art involve experience?

2. Why is art message universal?

DISTINGUISHING ARTIST FROM ARTISAN

At the end of the session, you are expected to:

_______1. He/She is able to produce something that has a functional value.

functional arts with aesthetic value using imagination.

Take a look at these famous artists.

Born in Calle Herran in Paco, Manila, on May 30, 1892, Fernando

This is the “Spoliarium” by Juan Novicio Luna,

Job responsibilities of an Artisan include:

Take a look at this famous Filipino artisan.

Other artisans engage themselves in producing different products.

LOOK: Dumagat artisans turn driftwood into artworks

Written output will be graded using the given criteria.

At the end of the session, you are expected to:

a. discuss the background of the GAMABA;

has syncretized whatever external elements that have influenced it.

What are the incentives received by the awardee?

GINAW BILOG (+ 2003), Poet, Hanunuo Mangyan, Panaytayan,

SALINTA MONON (+ 2009), Textile Weaver, Tagabawa,

 She was awarded for fully demonstrating the creative and

ALONZO SACLAG, Musician and Dancer, Kalinga

 A Kalinga of Lubuagan, Kalinga was awarded for his

 He was also recognized for his persistence to create

FEDERICO CABALLERO, Epic Chanter, Sulod-Bukidnon,

 He has worked hard to document the oral literature

 He has a deep knowledge of the aesthetic possibilities

 In spite of the dimming of his eyesight, he has

EDUARDO MUTUC, Metalsmith, Kapampangan , Apalit,

 A Kapampangan from Central Luzon is recognized for reviving

 She is one of the master weavers in the island of Jolo.

HAJA AMINA APPI (+ 2013), Mat Weaver, Sama, Tandubas,

 She is recognized as the master mat weaver among

TEOFILO GARCIA, Casque Maker, Ilocano, San Quintin, Abra,

 He learned how to make gourd casques and weave

MAGDALENA GAMAYO, Textile Weaver, Ilocano, Pinili, Ilocos Norte,

 She can execute the suwah bekkat(cross-stitch-like

2. Insignia of a National Artist and a citation;

Leandro V. Locsin (Architecture, 1990)

(Photo grabbed from arkitektura.ph)

Levi Celerio (Literature and Music, 1997)

Levi Celerio, a prolific lyricist and composer, is known for having

(Photo grabbed from NCCA)

Name: Name:__

Place: Place:__

Name: Name:__

Place: Place:__