Basic

Landscape
design
Principles
 I.P SANTOS
Father of Philippine Landscape
Architecture
LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTURE

– is the design of outdoor areas, landmarks, and structures to

achieve environmental, social-behavioural, or aesthetic
outcomes.
– is a multi-disciplinary field, incorporating aspects
of botany, horticulture, the fine arts, architecture, industrial
design, soil sciences, environmental
psychology, geography, ecology, and civil engineering.
SITE DEVELOPMENT
CONSIDERATIONS

– Excavation and Grading

– Slope
– Steps
– Lawn and Seeding Area
– Parking
– Site Drainage
– Site Furnishing
– Landscape and Planting
Basic Principles

– Unity
– Balance
– Transition
– Focalization
– Proportion
– Rhythm
– Repetition
– Simplicity
Unity

– The effective use of components in a

design to express a main idea through
consistent style.
Balance

– Refers to the equilibrium of

visual attraction.
Transition

– Can be obtained by the

arrangement of objects with
varying textures, forms, or sizes in
a logical sequential order.
Focalization

– The leading of visual

observation toward a feature
by placement of this feature at
the vanishing point between
radial or approaching lines.
Proportion

– The size of parts of the design

in relation to each other and to
the design as a whole.
Rhythm

– is a patterned repetition of a
design principle at regular or
irregular intervals. Rhythm of
form, color, or texture intensifies
the plant composition.
Simplicity

– It goes hand-in-hand with

repetition and can be achieved
by eliminating of unnecessary
details.
– The adage: less is more.
Repetition

– is the placement of the same

or similar form, texture, or
color over and over again.
SOFTSCAPE

– comprises the animate (living), horticultural

elements of landscape design. More simply put, it
refers to the plants. Softscape elements are
complemented by hardscape elements,
Elements of Planting

– Trees
– Shrubs
– Flowering Plants
– Lawn
– Fern
 Deciduous Tree

– Are trees that drop their leaves for part

of the year. They are found in temperate
and tropical climates all over the world.
Deciduous trees have broad flat leaves
that catch a lot of light and require a
great amount of water.

MOLAVE ILANG ILANG

 Conifers
 a cone-bearer. Trees that are conifers
reproduce by forming a cone rather than a
flower as a container for their seeds.
 provide important habitat and shelter for many
animal species.
 Palms

 They are the only members of the

family Arecaceae, which is the only
family in the order Arecales. most of
them living in tropical, subtropical, and
warm temperate climates.
HARDSCAPE

The term hard landscape is used by practitioners

of landscape architecture and garden design to
describe the construction materials which are
used to improve a landscape by design.
Consist of the inanimate elements of landscaping,
especially any masonry work or woodwork.
HARDSCAPE ELEMENTS

– Stone Walls
– Retaining Walls
– Wooden decks
– Gazebo
– Trellis, Pergola, Arbors
– Paved Walkways, Pathways
– Bollards
– Sculptures
 Garden

– is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation,
or enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature.
Formal gardens
Informal garden
Zen garden
Parks

– Planned outdoor space, usually of a large size, often for

public use.