LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

• A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and

how they integrate with natural or man-made features.

• A landscape includes the physical elements of geophysical .

• Combining both their physical origins and the cultural overlay of human
presence, often created over millennia, landscapes reflect a living
synthesis of people and place that is vital to local and national identity.

• The character of a landscape helps define the self-image.

• It is the dynamic backdrop to people's lives. Landscape can be as varied as

farmland, a landscape park or wilderness.

• The activity of modifying the visible features of an area of land is

referred to as landscaping.

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 LANDSCAPE
1. All the visible features of an area of land, often considered in terms of
their aesthetic appeal.
2. Make (a garden or other area of ground) more attractive by altering
the existing design, adding ornamental features, and planting trees and
shrubs.

Landscaping : Improve the aesthetic appearance of (a piece of land) by

changing its contours, adding ornamental features and plantings. The
process of combining a design in relation to the scenic environment.
Particular, “soft landscaping” is the use of appropriate trees and
vegetation to blend with buildings (e.g. for the purpose of screening them).

Landscape Architecture: Landscape architecture is the design of outdoor

areas, landmarks, and structures to achieve environmental, social-
behavioural, or aesthetic outcomes.

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 Landscape types
Hard landscape and Soft Landscape are the elements of Landscape design

 HARD LANDSCAPE  SOFT LANDSCAPE

 Hard Landscape consist the hard  The Softscape or the Soft

elements of a landscape design.
This is generally like the
hardware of a computer.
 A hard Landscape not only gives
an ideal look to a building.
 They are essentially required to
create a sense of space and to
give a complete look to a home.
 They consist of materials like
rocks, stones or masonry
Landscape is the living part of
your landscape structure.
 The plants, the lawns, the trees
and the shrubs make up the
components of Soft Landscape.
 For example, materials required
to build a pond in a garden area
are components of Hard
Landscape; however, the Pond
itself is a part of Soft
Landscape.

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 LANDSCAPING NEED

 Economic Benefits:  Environmental Benefits:

 One tree removes 26

 Landscaping pounds of carbon dioxide
enhances property from the air every year
values. Plants control runoff and
 Proper placement of erosion.
shade trees and
 Plants reduce noise
pollution up to 50 percent.
evergreen reduces  Plants creates green
coolingcosts space for human rest &
recreation.

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ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE DESIGN
• Color – It is important to use a complementing color scheme throughout
the yard. Sometimes Contrast can create some interest and excitement.

• Direction or Line – Linear patterns are used to direct physical movement

and to draw attention to areas in your garden.

• Form – Form can be expressed through built objects or trees and shrubs
of various shapes and sizes which create natural patterns.

• Texture – Paving and building materials along with plants with varying
textures can add to the atmosphere of your outdoor area.

• Scale – Your outdoor design should balance the size of the buildings or
established plants it surrounds, while maintaining a comfortable human
environment for the individuals who will use the area.

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 Color theory is often used in
landscape design by dividing
the color spectrum into 4
categories:
•Primary: reds, yellows and blues.
•Secondary: greens, violets (purples)
and oranges.
•Tertiary: Mixtures of the primary and
Secondary categories.
•Neutral: White, grays and silvers.
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A simple way to achieve unity is to:
•match warm colors to warm colors
(red,yellow and orange)
•Cool Colors to cool colors
(blue, purple and green).
Proper use of color theory can influence
the Mood;
•warm colors tend to excite the viewer
colors like red are natural for focal
points.
•cool colors are more likely to relax the
viewer.colors like blue are a logical
choice for meditation gardens.
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 FORM
In landscape design terminology, form is the shape of a plant.

• Upright
• oval
• columnar
• spreading
• broad spreading
• weeping

• Tall plants create a vertical look, drawing the eye upward

• Low spreading plants draw the eye to the horizon.
• Use individual specimen plants to break monotony and create
interest.
• A mixture of a variety of form becomes confusing
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LINE OF SIGHT
• The line of sight is the viewer's eye movement or flow being
influenced by the arrangement of plants and their borders.
• Eye movement is unconsciously affected by the way plant groupings fit
or flow together, both on the horizontal and vertical planes.
• Hedges or rows of plants direct the attention to a focal point or specific
area
• Meandering lines or curves slow movement and create a natural,
undisturbed feeling.

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 Scale and Balance
• The visual relationship of the landscape components, relative to size.
• Equal sizes on both sides of the landscape gives balance

Symmetrical – the repeating of the

elements on either side of an axis (an
imaginary central line)

Asymmetrical – equal size or weight on

both sides of the axis, without repeating
specific elements

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 TEXTURE
Texture is the touch or visual surface quality of an object, or plant
The texture of a plant's foliage or bloom can be viewed as coarse, medium
or fine.

• Mix plants with larger leaves (coarse texture) and smaller leaves (fine
texture) to avoid monotony in a planting bed and to add visual interest.
• The greater the distance the plant is, the smoother the texture appears
to be

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 ROOMS THROUGHOUT THE LANDSCAPE

1. Public area – “front yard”

• Puts home in attractive setting 4
• Identifies the point of entry
• Provides access to the entry
2. Family living area – “back yard”
• Usually the largest area where most activities
take place
• Sun and wind orientation for maximum usage
3. Private Living Area – frequently a quiet spot 3
located off the Master Bedroom
• Usually off master bedroom for adult use
• Small area for reading coffee, meditation, or quiet
reflection and conversation
• May include hot tub, spa, outdoor shower Usually
screened from rest of landscape 2
4. Service Area – utilitarian space
• Provides the “work” area for home
• Storage shed, dog house & yard, compost pile, 1
clothes line, RV or boat storage
• Placed close to kitchen, laundry, gate (for trash
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 Ornamental
Trees can serve as living ornaments, drawing the viewer's eye and balancing out
the landscape's design.

Screens
Fast-growing evergreens, willow hybrids and privet shrubs offer a natural
screen in the landscape, affording privacy while adding interest and beauty to
the yard.

Shade
Large trees with dense leaf growth, such as maple, ash, oak and elm, provide
welcome relief from the hot summer sun when positioned between the roof of
the home and the angle of the sun at midday and afternoon.

Borders
Shrubs or flowering plants of a similar height and shape form attractive
borders and offer a visual separation between elements in the landscape.

Ground Cover
While grass may be the most common ground cover, you can reduce soil erosion,
create a blanket of texture or add colour beneath trees or in bordered areas.
Low-growing plants create a living plant carpet. For permanent ground cover in
the landscape, choose hardy plants that will continue to grow each year.
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 LANDSCAPING STONES
Natural stone remain the most desired choice of materials for landscaping
architects worldwide. Such stones used for landscaping are called landscaping
stones.
Sandstone Landscaping: The most common colors of sandstone used are buff,
brown, blue, black and pink. They are usually used for making walls.
Slate Landscaping: The common colors used for landscaping are black, green and
red. These stones are very strong and resistant to water
Marble Landscaping: These are fine grained. The common shades are pink, white,
black, yellow and brown. These stones are strong and have high water absorption.
They are used mostly as slabs for walls and for paving.
Limestone Landscaping: These stones have very low water absorption. They are
used for walls and the common shades are grey, black, white and buff.
Granite Landscaping: These are fine to medium-course grained and are very
strong. They are used for walls and stepping stones. The common shades are pink
and red.

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