COLUMN SPACING Significant dimension is along the mall as this involves the widths, i.e. , frontages, of stores.

Often
used spaces are 20, 25 and 30 ft., with the last the most flexible .

STORE DEPTHS Buildings are usually 120 to 140 ft deep, sometimes more to accommodate larger stores . If there are
basements or mezzanines, the depth dimension usually can be reduced 20 to 25 percent

CLEAR HEIGHTS These vary from 10 to 14 ft. or more, with 12 Ft. a good average . Above this clear height, there must be
adequate space for air conditioning ducts, recessed lights, structural e system, etc.

PARKING AND TRAFFIC A ratio of between 5 and 6 car spaces per 1,000 sq. ft. of leasable store area is mandatory. In the
matter of parking layout, car stalls can be set at angles (say, 70‘ to the lanes, which then requires one-way traffic; or stalls
can be at 90' to the lanes, permitting two-way traffic.
2.Clear ceiling Height(m)To underside of beams

Small shops 3.3 to 3.8Sales area

3.2 to 3.6Non-sales area

Large-space users3.6 min.With floor: floor spacing 4 to 5 m

typesales areasales:ancillary area

small shops(less than 280 m2 sales area)45:55

Department stores

10000-20 000 m245:55.

Variety stores500 to 15 000 m50:50

SupermarketsThe sales areas of large-space users range from 1000 to 2500 m2

60:40,

Superstores5000 –10 000 m2 of selling space.

Hypermarketsat least 2500 m2 sales floor60:40,

Shopping centers25 000 and 50 000 m2 GLA

Retail parksat least 4500 m2

CIRCULATION:

OccupancyArea per person (m2 )Overall allowance for public areas in public-handling buildings2.3 to 2.8

Waiting areas, 100 percent standing, no cross-flows (e.g. lift lobby)

0.5 to 0.65

Circulating people in corridors, reduced to halt by Obstruction.0.2

Occupancy Area per person (m2 )

Assembly halls (closely seated).46@450mm c/c movable seats .60@500mmc/c fixed seats

Dance halls.55 to 0.90

Restaurants (dining areas).90 to 1.1

Retail shops and showrooms4.6 to 7.0

Department stores, bazaars 0.9 (including counters, etc.)

bargain sales areas0.46 (gangway areas only)

Offices9.3 (excluding stairs and lavatories)

Area per person to be allowed in various circulation areas

Overall allowance for public areas in public-handling buildings2.3 to 2.8

Waiting areas, 100 per cent standing, no cross-flows (e.g. lift lobby)

0.5 to 0.65

Circulating people in corridors, reduced to halt by Obstruction.0.2

General design purposes0.8

People moving at good walking pace (1.3 m/s)3.7

People moving at a shuffle (0.4 to 0.9 m/s).0.27 -0.37

CORRIDORS AND PASSAGEWAYS

shall be not less than 2.4 m. corridors shall be adequately ventilated.

Internal staircase 2.0m

pressurization of staircases shall be adopted for high rise buildings and building having mixed occupancy/ multiplexes
having covered area more than 500 m2.

ARRANGEMENT OF EXITS Exits shall be so located that the travel, distance on the floor shall not exceed the distance of
30m. In case of all mercantile building. NOTE:For fully sprinklered building, the travel distance may be increased by 50
percent of the values specified

EXTERNAL STAIRS Ail external stairs shall be directly connected to the ground.

No external staircase, used as a fire escape, shall be inclined at an angle greater than 45°from the horizontal

straight flight not less than 1250 mm , 250 mm treads and risers not more than 190 mm. , number of risers shall be limited
to 15 per flight.
A spiral stair case shall be not less than 1500 mm in diameter and shall be designed to give adequate headroom.

HORIZONTAL EXITS For buildings more than 24 m in height, refuge area of 15 m2 or an area equivalent to 0.3 m2 per personto
accommodate the occupants of two consecutive floors,

TURNING SPACE Most wheelchairs require a space 1.4 m square to turn around. This determines the minimum size of lift cars and
circulation spaces in rooms.
Urinals
at least 300mm wide project from the wall by at least 300mm.

not be set closer than 450mm from its centre to any side wall, partition, vanity or other obstruction, or closer than 900mm
centre-to-centre between adjacent fixtures

modesty boards of not less than 300mm x 1800mm (Height)

Wash Basins Wash basins should be substantial in size. The basins should have a minimum size of 500mm in length and 400mm
in width.
Water Closets (WCs) A WC should not be set closer than 450mm from its centre to any side wall, partition, vanity or other
obstruction. There should be at least a 900mm clearance in front of the WC to any wall, fixture or door. supply a predetermined
quantity of not more than 4.5 litresof water per flush after each use.
(a) Mechanical Ventilation Where mechanical means are used for ventilation, there should be cross ventilation
and the air exchange rate should have a minimum of 15 air changes per hour. The exhaust air should be
discharged to the exterior of the building at a position at least 2 m above the pavement level and at least 5 m
from any window or fresh air intake.
(b) Natural Ventilation For natural ventilation, suitable fresh air inlet grilles shall be provided to ensure an air
exchange rate of 5 air changes per hour. Examples of good materials for toilets: (a) Floor Non-slip ceramic tiles,
natural stone, homogeneous tiles, terrazzo.
(b)Wall Ceramic tiles, natural stone, homogeneous tiles, stainless steel, enamelledsteel panels, glass block,
aluminium panels, phenoliccladding.
(c) Ceiling Mineral fibreboard, fibrous plaster board, Aluminiumpanels or strips
-A Guide to Better Public Toilet Design and
Ramps • Gentle slope: 1:12 max. 1800 x 1800 landing after 9m of travel distance.
• Width: 1800mm or more.
• Handrails to be on both sides and at two levels –760mm and 900mm. Extend 300mm beyond top and bottom of ramp.
• Warning tile should be placed at 300mm before and the ramp edges. Steps and Stairs
• Uniform risers : 150mm and tread: 300mm.
• Stair edges should have 50mm wide, bright/ contrast colourband.
• Maximum height of a flight between landings to be 1200mm.
• Landing should be 1200mm clear of any door swing.
• The steps should have an unobstructed width of at least 1200mm.
• Continuous handrails on both sides including the wall (if any) and at two levels – 760mm and 900mm.
• Warning tile to be placed 300mm at the beginning and at the end of all stairs.
• Nosing should be avoided. Handrails Handrails/ Grab bars are extremely important features and must be designed to be easy to
grasp and to provide a firm and comfortable grip so that the hand can slide along the rail without obstruction. Handrails should be
circular with a diameter of 38mm, at least 50mm clear two levels – 760mm and 900mm form the finished floor, extend by at least
300mm. Grab bars should: • Be slip-resistant with round ends;
• Have a circular section of 38-50 mm in diameter;
• Be free of any sharp or abrasive elements;
• Have continuous gripping surfaces, without interruptions or obstructions that can break a hand hold;
Circulation Area
• Corridors should have an unobstructed width of 1800mm.
• Level differences should be beveled.
• Thresholds and gratings should not be more that 10mm.
• Protruding objects (more that 100mm form the wall) to be placed either in a niche or above 2100mm form the floor.
• Open spaces below ramps, escalator and stairs should be blocked out completely by protective guard rails, raised curbs or
marked with a tactile surface. Door
• Should provide a clear opening of 900mm.
• Be fitted with lever action locks and D shape handles of circular section, between 800mm and 1000mm form floor level.
• Also be fitted with vision panels at least between 900mm and 1500mm form floor level.
• Be colourcontrasted with the surrounding walls and should not be heavier than 22N to open.
• A distance of 400mm to 600mm should be provided beyond the leading edge of door to enable a wheelchair user to maneuver and
to reach the handle.
• Kick plates are recommended 300mm form the bottom, to resist wear and tear. Accessible Toilet A minimum of one toilet
compartment with minimum size of 2000 x 1750mm is required on each floor having all barrier free provisions. Accessible Lift A
minimum of one 13 passenger lift is required having all barrier free provision.
Servises
AIR CONDITIONING, HEATING AND MECHANICAL VENTILATION PLANNING DESIGN CRITERIA
(Fundamental Requirements) The object of installing ventilation and air conditioning facilities in buildings shall be
to provide conditions under which people can live in comfort, work safely and efficiently.
Ventilation and air conditioning installation shall aim at controlling and optimizing following factors in the building:
a)Air purity and filtration,
b)Air movement,
c)Dry-bulb temperature,
d)Relative humidity,
e)Noise and vibration,
f)Energy efficiency, and
g)Fire safety. DUCT SYSTEMS Classification :
Low pressure systems: Velocity ≤ 10 m/s, static pressure ≤ 5 cm HO (g) .
Medium pressure systems: Velocity ≤ 10 m/s, static pressure ≤ 15 cm HO (g). High pressure systems: Velocity
> 10 m/s, static pressure 15<p ≤ 25 cm HO (g).
Recommended air velocities depend mainly on the application And the noise criteria. Residences: 3 m/s to 5 m/s
Theatres: 4 to 6.5 m/s Restaurants: 7.5 m/s to 10 m/s
Office Spaces
General offices and multiple
workstations 223
Private offices 231
Electronic workstations 241
Conference rooms 249
Reception areas 260
Furniture, furnishings, and
equipment 278
Acoustics in office
8 OFFICE BUILDINGS 8.1 General Modern office buildings are often noisier than older buildings due to the use of thinner and
more rigid forms of construction, harder finishes, more austere furnishings and use of business machines.
8.2 Sources of Noise Nuisance 8.2.1 Indoor Noise Main sources of indoor noise include the following: a) Office machines, such as
typewriters, and printers; b) Telephonic conversation; c) Noise from the public admitted to the building; d) Footsteps, voices and
slamming of doors in circulation spaces, lift doors and gates; e) Sound reproduction in staff training rooms, conference rooms and
recreation rooms, etc; f) Handling of crockery and utensils in canteens and kitchens; and g) HVAC and lift machinery.
8.3 Recommendations 8.3.1 Site Planning Rooms demanding quiet conditions should be placed on the quiet side of the site. Even
on quiet thoroughfares, these rooms should also not be planned at street level. They should also not be planned on enclosed yards
used for the parking of cars, scooters, etc. Where, however,
the problems cannot be resolved by planning, the provision of double windows may be necessary. 8.3.2 Detailed Planning 8.3.2.1
Noise reduction within rooms The reverberation time should not exceed 1.0 s in all general offices of the types listed in 8.3.2.2 to
8.3.2.6. In small private offices, the reverberation time should not exceed 0.75 second, in very large offices the reverberation time
may be increased to 1.25 s. For canteens, the recommended maximum reverberation time is 1.25 s. 8.3.2.2 Large general offices
The grouping of departments and machines together in one room should be avoided wherever possible. Where supervision is
necessary the provision of glazed screens carried up to the ceiling should be considered. If it is essential to the work of an office for
machine operators and clerks to work side by side in the same room, the machines should be enclosed by panels or low screens
lined with absorbent material and the ceiling should be sound absorbent. In addition, the machines should be as quiet as possible
in operation and mounted on suitable resilient mountings.
NOTE — A quiet area should be planned for prolonged telephonic conversation. 8.3.2.3 Light weight construction Modern
construction methods and economy dictate the use of light weight construction for many office buildings. While the light weight
materials lead to fast fabrication and erection and also effect considerable economy in the building structure, they may lead to
tremendous sound insulation problems between adjacent offices and areas. Light weight construction is also frequently employed
for the sub-division of large space into executive cabins and secretarial areas. Where such construction is considered desirable,
efforts should be made to provide a double-skin panel. The panels should be isolated from each other as far as possible either by
the use of separate framing or by the use of elastic discontinuities in the construction, and a sound absorbing material may be
introduced in the air cavity between the panel. The partitions should be full height up to the bottom of the roof above and any
Noise Producing Rooms
Rooms Requiring Quiet Conditions
Entrance halls, staircases and corridors used by the public
Executive’s rooms, Conference rooms and Board rooms Lifts and lift halls Interview rooms Motor and plant
rooms Offices for one or two persons Lavatories Medical officer’s rooms Public offices Sick rooms Canteen and
kitchens Rest rooms Office machine rooms and typing pools Libraries Recreation rooms Telephoning rooms
Large general offices Cinemas and projection rooms
Dw a) rooms requiring quiet (as listed above) on a quiet site where privacy is required 45 dB b) Rooms
requiring quiet (as listed above) but on a noisy site or where a lower degree of privacy is tolerable 40 dB c)
Clerical offices in which noise does not constitute a major nuisance 20-30 dB

Nbc pg 18
6.7 Fire Protection To prevent fire from spreading by means of the lift well, lift well enclosures shall conform to the requirements
given in Part 4 ‘Fire and Life Safety’. The machine room should be constructed of a suitable grade of fire-resisting material and
precautions should be taken to minimize spread of fire from the machine room into the lift well (see also 7.3.14).
6.8 Requirements for Fireman’s Lift 6.8.1 For buildings having height of 15 m or more atleast one lift shall meet the requirements of
fireman’s lift as given in 6.8.2. 6.8.2 The fireman’s lift shall have the following minimum requirements: a) Lift car shall have floor area
of not less than 1.44 square meters. It shall also have a loading capacity of not less than 544 kg (8 persons). b) Lift landing doors
shall have a minimum of fire resistance of one hour. c) Doors shall be of automatic operation for car and landing. 6.8.3 Fireman’s
lifts in a building having more than 15 m or more height, shall work at or above the speed of 1.0 m/s so as to reach the top floor
from ground level within one minute. 6.8.4 Operation Requirements of Fireman’s Lift The lift shall be provided with the following as a
minimum: a) A two position switch at evacuation floor (normally main entrance floor) (ON/OFF), and b) Buzzer and ‘Fireman’s lift’ —
light in car 6.8.4.1 Sequence of operation: a) Return to evacuation floor (Phase 1): 1) Shall start when the switch at the evacuation
floor is turned to the “ON” position or the signal from smoke detector (if provided by the Building Management System) is on. All
lift(s)
controlled by this switch shall cancel all existing car calls and separate from landing calls and no landing or car calls shall be
registered. The buzzer and “fireman’s lift” light shall be turned on. All heat and smoke sensitive door reopening devices shall be
rendered inoperative. 2) If the lift is travelling towards the evacuation floor, it shall continue driving to that floor. 3) If the lift is
travelling away from the evacuation floor, it shall reverse its direction at the nearest possible floor without opening its doors and
return nonstop to the evacuation floor. 4) If the lift is standing at a floor other than the evacuation floor, it shall close the doors and
start travelling non-stop to the evacuation floor. 5) When at the evacuation floor the lift shall park with doors open. 6) The buzzer is
turned off after this return drive. b) Fireman’s service (Phase 2): The phase 2 operation of the lift shall be as defined below. 1) The
phase 2 is started after phase 1, if the switch is “ON”. 2) The lift does not respond to landing calls but registers car calls. All heat and
smoke sensitive door reopening devices are rendered inoperative. 3) When the car call button is pressed the doors start closing. If
the button is released before the doors are fully closed, they re-open. The car call is registered only when the doors are fully closed.
4) After registering a car call the lift starts driving to the call. If more than one car call is registered, only the nearest call is answered
and the remaining calls will be cancelled at the first stop. 5) At the floor the doors are opened by pushing the door open button. If
the button is released before the doors are fully open, they re-close. 6) The lift returns to normal service when it stands at the
evacuation floor with doors open and the switch is “OFF”. ( pg 27 0f lifts)
14.1.2 For normal peak periods, the recommended handling capacities for design purposes should be taken as 3
200 to 6 400 persons per hour depending upon the width of the escalator. The number of persons that may be
theoretically carried by the escalator in 1 h can be calculated as follows: a) For determination of theoretical
capacity it is assumed that one step with an average depth of 0.4 m can carry 1 person for a step width of 0.6 m,
1.5 persons for a step width of 0.8 m and 2 persons for a step width of 1.0 m. b) The theoretical capacity then is:
3 600 × (rated speed in m/s × k)/0.4 where k = 1, 1.5, or 2 for 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 m step widths. c) Some values
calculated as per the above are:
Step Width
Theoretical Capacity in Persons/hour
0.5 m/s speed 0.65 m/s speed
0.75 m/s speed 0.6 m 4 500 5 850 6 750 0.8 m 6 750 8 775 10 125 1.0 m 9 000 11 700 13 500
14.2 Essential Requirements 14.2.1 Angle of inclination of an escalator from the horizontal shall not exceed 30°,
but for rises not exceeding 6 m and rated speed not exceeding 0.5 m/s the angle of inclination is permitted to be
increased up to 35°. 14.2.1.1 The rated speed of the escalator shall not exceed 0.75 m/s for an angle of
inclination up to 30°
and 0.5 m/s for an escalator with an angle of inclination of more than 30° but within 35°.
Pg 21 hvac
Electric space
Orientation of building