Unit –II

PRINCIPLES OF
LANDSCAPING
 Landscaping: objectives, principles,
elements, material (soft and hard), styles
of landscaping.

 Green roofs and vertical gardens: need,

means, outcome.

 Urban renewal process and its impact

on quality of life and livability.

 Importance of sustainable architecture,

urban conservation with case study.
Landscaping
 Landscaping refers to any activity that
modifies the visible features of an area of
land.
 Landscape architecture is the design of
outdoor public areas, landmarks, and
structures to achieve environmental, social-
behavioral, or aesthetic outcomes.
Purpose or objectives :
 Creates pleasant and cheerful
environment.
 Decorates open space
 Imparting beauty.
 Trees in soft landscaping reduce pollution
and reduces temperature
 Trees also relives strain.
Types of Landscape Plans

• Sequential

• Computer Assisted

• Graphics
 Types of landscaping
1) Soft
2) hard
Soft landscape
 Landscaping in which the vegetative materials are used
to improve a landscape by design
 Mainly consist of water, soil , Earth & plants.
 The range of soft landscape materials includes each
layer of the ecological sequence:
-aquatic plants, semi-aquatic plants,
-field layer plants (including grasses and herbaceous
plants) shrubs and trees.
Hard landscape
 The corresponding term hard landscape is
used to describe construction materials.
It made up of hard wearing materials such
as stone, concrete and other decorative
construction materials.
(Bricks, Metals, Plastics, Glasses etc. )
EXAMPLES
 Pathways
 waterfalls
 Rockplacement.
 Lamp post pedestals

 Importance's
 Landscaping of dull
can make Landscaping
and solid areas pleasing
to eyes.
 Nature increasing productivity of the peoples.
 Attractive and accessible landscapes invite and
encourage physical activity.
 Beautiful landscaping can increase the property value.
 Proper landscaping reduces soil erosion.
Role of landscape
Architecture
 Investigate the natural elements of a site.
 Prepare detailed site plans and layout of
the site.
 Develop a planting plan of trees, flowers,
shrubs, and other plants.
 Study and laws and regulations that may
affect the site.
 Selection of locally available material.
Basic 5 Elements Of Landscape Design

•Color
•Form
•Line of sight
•Scale or balance
•Texture
Color Color theory is often used in landscape
design by dividing the color spectrum into
4 categories:

•Primary: reds, yellows and blues.

•Secondary: greens, violets (purples) and

oranges.

•Tertiary: Mixtures of the primary and

secondary categories.

•Neutral: White, grays and silvers.

The spectrum is shown as a wheel, divided into slices that
stand for the colors.
Using color theory landscapers use this wheel:

•To choose adjacent colors

in the spectrum to provide
unity
A simple way to
achieve unity is to:

•match warm colors

to warm colors (red,
yellow and orange)

•Cool Colors to cool

colors (blue, purple
and green).
Proper use of color theory can influence the
mood felt in a yard.

•warm colors tend to

excite the viewer
colors like red are
natural for focal points

•cool colors are more

likely to relax the viewer.
colors like blue are
a logical choice for
meditation gardens.
 form
In landscape design terminology,
form is the shape of a plant.

•Upright
•oval
•columnar
•spreading
•broad spreading
•weeping
 Line of sight
The line of sight is the
viewer's eye movement or
flow being influenced by
the arrangement of plants
and their borders.

Eye movement is
unconsciously affected
by the way plant
groupings fit or flow
together, both on the
horizontal and vertical
planes.
• Rows of plants
direct the attention
to a focal point or
specific area
• Curves slow
movement and
create a natural,
undisturbed
feeling.
 Scale and Balance
• The visual
relationship of the
landscape
components,
relative to size.

• Equal sizes on
both sides of the
landscape gives
balance
• Symmetrical – The
repeating of the elements
on either side of an axis (an
imaginary central line)

• Asymmetrical – equal size

or weight on both sides of
the axis, without repeating
specific elements
 • Texture is the touch or visual surface quality
of an object, or plant
T
e • The texture of a plant's foliage or bloom can
be viewed as coarse, medium or fine.
x
t
u
r
e
• Mix plants with larger leaves (coarse
texture) and smaller leaves (fine texture) to
avoid monotony in a planting bed and to
add visual interest.

• The greater distance the plant is, the

appears to smoother texture .
These five elements must be
considered in designing both the
hardscape and soft scape of the
design.

•Hardscape – walkways,
driveways, walls

•Soft scape - gardens, lawns,

shrubs and trees.
Principles of Landscape
Design
1. Unity
2. Simplicity
3. Variety
4. Balance
5. Sequence
6. Proportion & Scale
7. Focal Point
 Unity
 Describes the idea of trying the landscape together into an
orderly design.
 Some repetition is good, but it should not be carried to the point
of monotony.
 Unity in the landscape can be achieved through a theme of
colors, forms, or textures without using exactly the same plants.
Simplicity
 It is an important principle of design, but it is a hard
one to achieve.
 Too many design themes can be confusing, and unity
of design lost, so the design should be kept simple.
 Too many different colors, textures, and forms result
in visual confusion, and any sense of design can be
ruined.
 One way to achieve simplicity is by using a limited
range of plant species.
Variety
Oversimplification is boring; some
variety must be sprinkled in for
interest and to focus attention on the
desirable aspects of your property.
Don’t use the same kind of plant
everywhere.
A long hedge of the same kind of
plant can be very monotonous.
In Balance
landscape design the idea is to balance
the visual weight of objects in the
landscape. Balance can be symmetrical—
one side of an area looks just like another
and gives a sense of stability, creating a
formal balance.
Balance can be asymmetrical creating an
informal balance.
Balance
 Sequence
 Sequence is used to direct the eye smoothly to a desired focal
point like the front door or a specimen shrub. Sudden changes
in appearance break the visual flow around the landscape.
 Includes a gradual change in the form, color, texture, or size of
the landscape.
 Proportion or Scale
 Proportion or scale refers to the way in which objects, like
plants, people, or structures, relate to each other in size.
 Proportion can be used to evoke emotion.
 Large scale causes a humbling of the observer.
 Small scale gives a sense of dominance or perhaps a desire to
care for the smaller objects;
Focal Point

Itis the use of emphasis.

Eye movement is directed
towards a center of interest
that takes a position of
prominence in the landscape.
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- PLANTS

 Plants create outdoor rooms.

ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- PLANTS

TREES, SHRUBS, AND GROUND COVERS CAN BE USED TO

EMPHASIZE THE DESIRABLE ARCHITECTURAL LINES AND
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- PLANTS

PLANTS CAN BE USED TO SOFTEN AND BALANCE HARSH

AND AWKWARD ARCHITECTURAL ANGLES, MASSES AND
 ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- WATER
Water is also another most
important landscape element.
Water bodies improve the quality
and the worth of the site.it makes
the site attractive.
There are many types of water
bodies :

Add sound, movement, and enjoyment into

the landscape.
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- LANDFORM
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- LANDFORM
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- TIMBER
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- TIMBER
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- STONE
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- STONE
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE- BRICK
L ANDSCAPING REFERS TO ANY
AC T I V I T Y T H AT M O D I F I E S T H E V I S I B L E
F E AT U R E S O F A N A R E A O F L A N D .
Enhancing the landscape
Process of landscape design includes
concepts and elements of landscape
designing…
SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE
SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE:

It is architecture that seeks to minimize the

negative environmental impact of buildings by
efficiency and moderation in the use of materials,
energy, and development space. Sustainable
architecture uses a conscious approach to energy
and ecological conservation in the design of the
built environment

Sustainability - Meeting the needs of

the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet
their own needs.
SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE
NEED FOR SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE:

 Increase of population day by day .

 People migrating from rural to urban
with hope.
 Depletion of natural resources.
 High energy and natural resources are
consumed due to huge population.
 Effect on bio diversity.
METHODS FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE
DESIGN:

Economy of Resources
• Energy Conservation
• Water Conservation
• Materials Conservation

Life Cycle Design

• Pre-Building Phase
• Building Phase
• Post-Building Phase
PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE:

Small is beautiful. Use of natural materials.

Heat with the sun. Save the forests.

Energy efficient. Recycle materials .

Conserve water. Built to last.

Use of local materials. Share facilities.

 57

INTRODUCTION TO GREEN
BUILDING
GREEN BUILDING
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
• Introduction
•Objectives
•Fundamental Principles
•Green Building Projects
•Different from Other Buildings
•Indian Green Building Council
•IGBC Rating System
•Increasing Green Buildings in India
•Benefits of Green Buildings
•Affect on Natural Resources
•Conclusions
•Refrences
 INTRODUCTION
•Green building (also known as green
construction or sustainable building) expands and
complements the building design concerns of
economy, utility, durability, and comfort.

•A Green Building is one which uses less water,

optimizes energy efficiency, conserves natural
resources, generates less waste and provides
healthier space for occupants as compared to
conventional buildings.
 OBJECTIVES OF GREEN
BUILDING
• Green Buildings are designed to reduce the
overall impact on human health and the natural
environment by the following ways:
•Using energy, water and other resources
efficiently.
•By reducing waste, pollution, and environmental
degradation.
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES

•Structure design efficiency

•Energy efficiency
•Water efficiency
•Materials efficiency
•Waste and toxic reduction
•STRUCTURE EFFICIENCY:
It is the concept of sustainable building and has
largest impact on cost and performance.
It aims to minimize the environment impact
associated with all life-cycles.
• ENERGY EFFICIENCY:
The layout of the construction can be strategized
so that natural light pours for additional warmth.
Shading the roof with trees offers an eco-
friendly alternative to air conditioning.
•WATER EFFICIENCY:
To minimize water consumption one should
aim to use the water which has been collected,
used, purified and reused.
•MATERIAL EFFICIENCY:
Materials should be use that can be recycled
and can generate surplus amount of energy.
An example of this are solar power panels,not
only they provide lightening but they are also a
useful energy source.
•WASTE AND REDUCTION:
It is probable to reuse resources.
What may be waste to us may have another
benefit to something else.
Susutainable building Material.
Ecologically responsible bcoz their imapct on planet is
not damaging as traditional building materail
1. bamboo flooring: bamboo is long lasting and rapidly
renewable material that is beautiful and easy to install
2. rapidly renewable materials are normaly harvested
within 10 yrs or shorter cycle. It does not harm indoor
air quality since it does not contain volatile organic
compund.
2. Low VOC paint:VOC Stand for organic volatile
compound which is chemical compound emmitted from
most paints and can affect human health.
Low VOC paints are usually odourless and have no
chemical solvants so they will greatly improve your
indoor air quality.
Wool carpeting: Woven wool is clean , environmentally
friendly option for residential, commercial carpeting
Wool is rapidly renewable material and has low VOC ,
is fire resistant, biodegradable compostable and adds
layer of insulation to floor
Cooton Bat insulation: rapidly renewable and natural
way to provide insulation. Cotton provide high thermal
resistivity , emmit no VOC, work as sound attenuator,
is nontoxic and 100 % recyclable
Ecological concrete:most used material. The problem is
generating concrete has large impact on global
warming. The solution is to use concrete mixture that
contain recycle material.
Recycle wood chips, crushed glass or slag can be added
to concrete mixture
Paper insulation panels: These insulation panels are
made from recycle newspapers and carboards
These are the ecological alternative to using insulation
foam and they are made fire resistant by adding boric
acid and calcium carbonet.
 71 3/24/2022

Source of Material
Renewable sources: Forests
Reuse from waste: old plumbing , doors
etc..
 72 3/24/2022

Bamboo
Using Bamboo Replacing The Steel
Bars
Also used for flooring
 73

Environmental friendly non

toxic paints
 Non toxic paints are called as low VOC, odourless,
green, natural and organic free.
 Low VOC paints use water as carrier instead of
petrochemical solvent, so their emissions are minimal.
 74 3/24/2022

Wool brick
 Obtained by adding wool and
a natural polymer found in
seaweed to the clay of the
brick,
 37% More strength than burnt bricks
 Resistant for cold and wet climate
 75 3/24/2022

Sustainable Concrete
 Crushed glass
 Wood chips or slag - a
byproduct of steel
manufacturing.
 Reduces the emission of CO2
 76 3/24/2022

Solar Tiles
 Exist to simply protect a
building
 They spend a large
portion of the day
absorbing energy from the
sun.
 77 3/24/2022

Paper Insulation
 Made from recycled
newspapers and
cardboard
 Then filled with chemical
foam
 Insect resistant &fire retardant
 78 3/24/2022

Triple-Glazed Windows
 Super-efficient windows
 Stops heat to enter the building
& from direct sunlight
 79

WHAT IS A GREEN
BUILDING…???
 Also called as green construction or sustainable building.

 It refers to both a structure and the using of processes that are

environmentally responsible and resource efficient throughout a
building's life-cycle.

 Life Cycle includes site selection, starting of design,

construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and
demolition.
 80

WHY GREEN
BUILDING ????
 81

Aim of Green Building

 To seek minimum possible impact on environment by

1. Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources.

2. Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity.
3. Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation.

 Finding the balance between homebuilding and the sustainable

environment.
 82

GREEN BUILDINGS
 Green buildings may incorporate sustainable materials in their
construction.
(e.g., reused, recycled-content, or made from renewable resources).

 Create healthy indoor environments with minimal pollutants

(e.g., reduced product emissions).

 And feature landscaping that reduces water usage & proper use
of waste water
(e.g., by using native plants that survive without extra watering).
 83

GREEN BUILDINGS
How Homes Become Green …???
84
 85

1.
Green Building Has Many Features :
Zero water discharge and 100% water recycling
2. 50% saving in energy
3. Reduction in requirement of water by 35-40%
4. Waterless urinals
5. Installation of high efficiency irrigation methods and selection of
vegetation which have
6. Low water consumption.
7. Application of fly ash ,cement block
8. Recycling of construction debris to other sites.
9. Roof gardening
10. Use of rapidly renewable materials.
11. Use of cavity wall
12. Solar thermal heating for hot water requirement
13. Use of wind turbines , use of solar lights around the building.
 86

Green Building Rating Systems

 A green building rating system is an evaluation tool that
measures environmental performance of a building through its
life cycle.

 It usually comprises of a set of criteria covering various

parameters related to design, construction and operation of a
green building. Each criterion has pre-assigned points.

 A project is awarded points once it fulfills the rating criteria. The

points are added up and the final rating of a project is decided.
 87

Major rating systems used throughout the world

 Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method
(BREEAN)
Used in UK, Australia, Canada

 Green Building challenge Assessment Framework (GB Tool)

Used in Korea, Italy and Brazil

 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)

Widely accepted rating system
 88

Green Building Certification in

India

 Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment

(GRIHA)

 Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)

 The Indian Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)

 89

LEED Rating System in India

 LEED concentrates on five different categories of building design and
life cycle performance.

 Italso gives special credits for innovation and design process

adopted for these 5 different aspects.
1. Sustainable sites
2. Water Efficiency
3. Energy and atmosphere
4. Material and resources
5. Indoor Air quality
 90

LEED Rating System in India

Sr. No. Criterion Points
1 Sustainable Sites (SS) 28
2 Water Efficiency (WE) 10
3 Energy & Atmosphere (EA) 37
4 Material & Resources (MR) 14

5 Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) 15

6 Innovation Design (ID) 6

7 Regional Priority (RP) 4
Total 114
 91

LEED Rating System in India (SCORE)

Sr. No. Points Scored Rating

1 40 – 49 Certified

2 50 – 59 Silver

3 60 – 79 Gold

4 80 points and above Platinum

 92

Suzlon Energy Limited-Pune

• Location :- Near Kumar IT Park,
Magarpatta, Hadapsar, Pune.
• Plot Area: - 45,392 Sq. M.
• Built up Area :- 70,865 Sq. m
• Accommodation :- 2500 Employee
• Master Plan includes following building
components:- Office complex, Corporate
Learning Centre.
93
 94

Client Suzlon Energy Ltd.

Details
Principal Architect Christopher
Architects
Charles, Benninger

Developers Vascon
Landscape Architect Ravi & Varsha Gavandi
Interior Architect Tao Architecture & Space Matrix
Electrical Consultant Power Engineer
HVAC Consultant Refrysinth
Plumbing Consultant Rahul Dhadphale
Lighting Consultant Ministry of Lights
Communication & Experience Elephant Design
Green Building Design & Environmental Design Solution
Certification
 95

LEED PLATINUM SCORE

CARD:
Sr. Areas Points Maximum
No. Obtained Points

1 Sustainable Sites (SS) 10 13

2 Water Efficiency (WE) 06 06

3 Energy & Atmosphere (EA) 14 17

4 Materials & Resources (MR) 07 13

5 Indoor Environmental Quality 15 15

(IEQ)
6 Innovation in Design 05 05

Total 57 69
Green Buildings 96 Rating received

ABN Amro Bank N.V., Ahmedabad LEED ‘Platinum’ rated

American Embassy School, Delhi LEED ‘Gold’ rated

Anna Centenary Library Building, Chennai LEED ‘Gold’ rated

Biodiversity Conservation India Ltd (BCIL) – LEED ‘Platinum’ rated

Bangalore
Birla International School, Jaipur LEED ‘Gold’ rated

CII – Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre LEED ‘Platinum’ rated

ITC Green Centre – Gurgaon LEED ‘Platinum’ rated

Olympia Technology Park – Chennai LEED ‘Gold’ rated

Rajiv Gandhi International Airport – LEED ‘Silver’ rated

Hyderabad
Suzlon Energy Limited – global headquarter LEED ‘Platinum’
in Pune
 GREEN
ROOF
TECHNOLOGY