LANDSCAPE DESIGN

FOR HOUSING
 INTRODUCTION

 Landscape design is the art of arranging or

modifying the features of a yard, an urban area,
etc, for aesthetic or practical purposes.
 It the design of outdoor areas, landmarks, and
structures.
 An expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single
view.
 The development of outdoor space to provide
privacy, comfort, beauty and ease of maintenance.
 PRINCIPLE OF LANDSCAPING
Focalization
Proportion And Scale
Balance
Order And Unity
Repetition
Rhythm And Sequence
Interconnection
 FOCALIZATION
• Focalization is created as a visual break in the sequence and flow of
the landscape.
• The focal point is the point or area of the landscape that attracts the
viewer’s eyes.
• The visual break captures the attention of the viewer and draws it to
the focal point.
• Without a point or area on which to focus, the viewer’s eyes become
lost and confused throughout the landscape.
 PROPOTION AND SIZE
• Proportion is the relationship that exists among the components of a
landscape. It also describes the relationship between the components of
the landscape and the landscape as a whole.
• Proportion involves the size relationships between and among the
components making up the landscape.
• Scale is relative to the perception of the viewer. For a large two-story
house, corner plantings that are proportional to the house may appear out
of scale to the viewer.
 SYMMETRICAL BALANCE
• Symmetrical balance is a formal balance. It is sometimes referred to
as bilateral symmetry
• Symmetrical balance is recognizable in that an exact sameness occurs
on either side of the composition.
• The same components are repeated on both sides of the composition.
If a line (center axis) were drawn through the middle of the form or
space, each side would be identical.
• The visual and actual weight is equally distributed on each side.
 ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE
• Asymmetrically balanced landscape compares to a level balance scale. Both sides
of the scale are level with the exact same weights on each plate.
• An asymmetrically balanced design implies equal weights on either side of the
center axis.
 ORDER AND UNITY

• Order and unity are emotional and visual reactions to the overall
structure and organization of the design elements.
• Unity is the harmonious relationship among all elements and
characteristics of a design.
• Too many components and materials and the complex use of the elements
create competitiveness and a lack of integration within a design.
• To establish unity in a design, stay simple and minimize differences.
 REPETION
• Repetition involves repeating or using an element more than once throughout a
design.
• It helps establish and add order and unity to a design.
• Repetition provides a common feature throughout the design that pulls the
design together.
 RHYTEM AND SEQUENCE
• Rhythm and sequence describe the dynamic unity or the related,
orderly movement that implies continuity.
• They are the apparent flow of lines, textures, and colors that express
a feeling of motion rather than confusion.
• Rhythm and sequence lead the viewer’s eyes easily and smoothly along
a deliberate, dominant, and visual path.
 INTERCONNECTION
• Interconnection is a design principle for producing unity in the
design.
• Various components in the design are physically linked together.
 LANDSCAPING IN HOUSING
Makes Your Home More Welcoming

• After a hard day at work, everyone wants to come

back to a home that is warm, welcoming, and
livable.
• A well designed and maintained landscape can
help you achieve that by rejuvenating your senses

Improves Curb Appeal

• While exploring your neighborhood, it is likely

that you will find some houses more attractive
than others.
• Landscaping plays an important role in making the
home look attractive. Excellent landscaping is a
sure way of making your home one of the most
beautiful houses in the neighborhood.
 LANDSCAPING IN HOUSING

Creates an Area for Relaxation

• Designing your garden is an excellent way of

preserving the natural feel of your home.
• Spending even a few minutes in your garden can
help in getting rid of stress.
• This is one of the significant benefits of
landscape.

Helps You Connect with Nature

• Investing in residential landscaping helps you

create an area for relaxation and entertainment.
• A well-designed green corner with sitting areas,
plants, and trees can be extremely relaxing and
makes an ideal place to spend quality time with
your family and friends.
 LANDSCAPING IN HOUSING

Increases the Resale Value of Your Home

• A well-designed landscape with trees,

shrubs, seasonal flowering plants creates a
great first impression.
• Landscaping your home garden is an ideal way
of attracting potential buyers to your home.
• Homes with beautiful landscaping also mean
less work for the new buyers who don’t have
extra cash to make their home beautiful.
Different activity spaces
 Necessary Activity Space

• The necessary activity includes

activities which are involuntary such
as work, studying, shopping, waiting,
etc.
• People are more or less taking part in
these activities being as part of daily
life.
• Activities are the ones which would
be carried out by people
• This kind of landscape space mainly
provides the basic functions for
citizen activities.
• The necessary activity space is the
basis of other types of space.
 Spontaneous Activity Space

• Activities generated when people

want to participate, and when the
time and place is possible.
• Such activities include walking,
playing with dog and a breath of
fresh air, morning exercises etc.
• These activities will happen when
external conditions are appropriate,
such as the weather and the
environment.
• Such space environment is not only
for function but also requiring more
design.
 Sociality Events Spaces
• Societal activity refers to the various
activities in public space where people
would like to participate and/or socialize.
• It includes greeting, talking, children's
games, small-scale leisure activities and
so on.
• Such activities could be generated in
the various occasions and could be
regard as an extension of spontaneous
activities.
• The social activity space has a wide
range and society activities could be
happened in most of the public space.
• These spaces naturally bring more
various social activities and increase the
communication for the residents and
create active atmosphere in residential
area.
Elements of Housing
landscapes
 Natural factors

• The natural factors of housing landscape include the topography, climatic conditions,
and residents demand for the mountains, plants, waters, forests, grasslands and
other natural forms.
• The demand also includes the air, sunlight, rain, snow and other natural phenomena.
• Natural factors are directly related to people's production and life.
• They are the foundation of human existence.

Lincoln park housing

 Artificial Factors
• Artificial factors mainly refer to the various building body,
architecture, etc, including housing, gallery frame, sculpture, and
other small-scale landscape.
• It also includes roads, bridges, squares, as well as the seats and other
service facilities.

sculpture in modern housing colony New Town at Kolkata India

 COMPOUND WALL IN HOUSING
• A compound wall serves to delimit your home or building, ensures privacy and
protection. Thus the primary purpose of a wall is security.

• It prevents trespassers from moving into your property and restricts entry into
your personal space.

Types of compound wall in housing

1. Masonry compound wall :

• Construction of such walls start from 2 ft. below
ground level to ensure that the wall gets proper
anchorage. fig: Masonry compound wall

2.Precast compound wall

• Precast walls are usually made of steel and concrete

fig: Precast compound wall

 COMPOUND WALL IN HOUSING

3. Ornamental compound wall

• Ornamental Compound wall is a combination of
masonry wall and mild steel/stainless steel grills.

• In this type of wall, up to 3-5ft masonry wall is

constructed.

fig: Ornamental compound wall

4. Cladding compound wall
• Cladding compound walls use cladding materials
such as vitreous tiles, marbles or shera panels.

• A cladding wall is generally impervious

to changing weather conditions.

fig: Cladding compound wall

 PATHWAY IN HOUSING
Brick:
• Adds a sense of age and
elegance.
• Contrasts nicely with green lawns
and colorful landscaping.

fig: Brick pavement

Artificial Grass:

• These tiles are interlocked together with ease

and they are self draining.
• Manufacture produce 1’x1

fig: Artificial Grass

 PATHWAY

Aggregate Stone and Rock:

• Provide natural, rustic appeal.
Aggregate Stone:
• create a very casual landscape walkway. fig: Aggregate stone and rock
• To create a more tailored look, you can add edging or foliage between
the walkway and the lawn.
Rock:
• Flagstone and river rock work well for casual and rustic landscapes.

Natural stone:

• Available in granite, marble, limestone,

travertine and slate.
• come in rectangular and square shapes in
various sizes from 6” x 12” up to 24”squares
fig: Natural stone
 PATHWAY IN HOUSING

Concrete:
Concrete walkways can provide a lot of curb appeal.
Concrete options include:
Poured Concrete:
• Used for smooth even surface
 • No. seams and no patterns, unless you want them.

Concrete Pavers:
• Come in various sizes, shapes and textures. fig: Concrete pavers
• Interlocking pavers come with edge spacers and joints that fit
together like puzzle pieces.

Stamped Concrete:
• Mimics other outdoor walkway materials like stone or slate.
• Using different patterns and shapes can create a beautiful
walkway that looks like more expensive natural stone
 PARKING
• No Parking Dwelling unit of area less than 25 sq. m
• 2 Two wheeler & 1 Car Dwelling unit of area 50 sq. m
to 75 sq. m
• 1 Two wheeler Parking Dwelling unit of area 25sq. M
to 50 sq. m Min.
• 1 Car & additional Dwelling unit of area more than
75 sq. m

Pavement used in Parking:

Asphalt
• Low heat and light reflectivity
• Durable
• Dust free surface
• Can be made porous
• Will fray at edges, if not supported
• Can soften in warm weather
• Soluble in gasoline and kerosene

fig: Asphalt parking lot

https://www.medranosasphaltpaving.com/
 PARKING
Concrete

• Available with several finishes, many colors

and various textures
• Durable surface
• Low life time maintenance cost
• Long lasting
• Hard, non resilient surface
• Adaptable to curvilinear forms
• Relatively low tensile strength
fig: Concrete pavers

fig: Concrete pavers fig: Concrete parking lot

https://www.fredadamspaving.com/portfolio/permeable-pavement-portfolio/
https://pavementinteractive.org/reference-desk/pavement-types-and-history/pavement-types/permeable-pavements/
 Lighting

Primary functions of landscape lighting in housing

SAFETY – Avoid tripping on steps, pathways and

decks.
SECURITY – Deter unwanted guests (persons and
animals) from your property.
UTILITY – Use your outdoor living space after
the sun goes down.
BEAUTY – Make your home and garden dramatic
and beautiful at night.
 Lighting
LIGHTING TECHNIQUES IN HOUSING

1. Path Lighting
• This technique is used primarily for safety to highlight
sidewalks, drives, or any path to ensure safe pedestrian
passage at night.
• Typical fixtures: mushrooms, tulip light, lantern, specialty
lights

2.Step / deck Lighting

• Step lighting brings deck to life in night and help us to
navigate stairs safely during night.
• Its fixtures can be installed beneath benches, as recessed
light in the risers of steps.

https://www.slideshare.net/divyeshkr/landscape-lighting-38786839
https://www.slideshare.net/nikhilrana988/landscape-lighting-51009750
 Lighting

3.Underwater lighting
•Underwater lighting highlights underwater
•Typical fixtures: spot/accent light, plant material and
captures light to show off specialty lights depth or
imaginative design.

fig: Underwater lighting

4.UP Lighting
• Up lighting means to light something
• Mirroring the effect of the sun or the moon, from below.
down lighting is the most natural form of landscape lighting.
•Up lighting is rarely seen in nature yet
•Used to highlight on eaves and walls or suspended from
trees the trees, statues etc. and other elevated structures.

fig: Up lighting
 Lighting

5. Down Lighting
• The Downlighting effect is used to provide and to produce
large shadows and general illumination for safety, security
or dramatic facades or to “wash” walls with outdoor
entertainment or it can be used to light.
• Focus on a singular object such as a statue or specimen
tree.

6. Architectural Lighting fig: Down lighting

• The techniques of architectural lighting are used to
emphasize the variation in texture as well as architectural
features in brick and stone work, soffit details and facade.
• Architectural lighting can also be used to enhance
gateways, statues
• Silhouetting
• Shadowing
• Grazing Light Spotlighting or Highlighting

fig:Silhouetting fig:Shadowing fig:Highlighting

 WATER BODIES
WATER FOUNTAINS POOLS
•Tiered fountain- Water is pumped up to the top of • Above-Ground Pools
the fountain through the core and then cascades down Sit on the surface of yard, sometimes with a deck or
over the tiers to the bottom reservoir where it is
recirculated.
patio surrounding them.
•Disappearing fountain:- Characterized by Constructed with aluminum, resin, or steel sidings
its reservoir which is concealed beneath the ground. with vinyl liners.
Placed near to a patio or stone path. Suitable for yards with limited access.
•Japanese fountain:- Designed simply • In-Ground Pools
with water trickling from a spout into a basin which is Built directly into the landscape. Types: concrete,
often made of stone and surrounded by vegetation. fiberglass, and vinyl-liner pools.
• Wall fountain:- Customized to fit a wall and can be • Infinity Pools
either freestanding or wall-mounted
• Lap Pools
Pool is long, narrow, and typically rectangular.

Fig. Japanese fountain Fig:-Infinity Pools Fig:-In-ground Pools

Source:-Designing Buildings is Fig:-Tiered fountain Source:-betters home and garden
Source:-betters home and garden
the construction wiki Source:- Outdoor Fountain Pros
 WATER BODIES
BACKYARD WATERFALL

Pond less Waterfalls

These water features take the form of a
natural looking waterfall but end in a rock-
filled reservoir rather than a pond.

Multistep Waterfalls
Use multiple platforms to create a series of
waterfalls. Can be as tall or short as desired Fig:-Pond less Waterfalls Fig:-cascading Waterfalls
and they often function similarly to an
artificial stream.

Cascading Waterfalls
These water features are comprised of one
large drop over which the water spills to rain
down into the reservoir or pond below.

Water walls
Water walls allow the water to fall along a wall,
which is typically made of stone, brick, or tile. Fig:-Multistep Waterfalls
Fig :-Water Wall Waterfall
Quiet and elegant and they require a very
minimal amount of space to operate.
 SITTING SPACE
PERGOLA

• Materials:- wood, glass

• Shape:- square, rectangular (can be free-standing or
attached to a building)
• Purpose:- to provide shade when large canopy trees
aren’t an option.
• Used: directly on top of your hardscape or patio.

Fig:-Wooden + glass Pergola Fig:-Wooden Pergola

Source:-Dunster House Source:-Dunster House
 SITTING SPACE
GAZEBOS
• Gazebos have full roofs, posts, railings, and open
sides.
• Shape:- octagon (but can be circular, rectangular,
or hexagonal, as well),
• Materials:- wood, vinyl, or metal, they are
sometimes outfitted with screens, curtains, or
latticework for privacy Fig:-wooden Gazebos

Fig.:-Double Roof Gazebos Fig:-pvc Gazebos Fig:-steel Gazebos

 SITTING BENCH
Construction materials:-
Adobe, Aluminum, Cast iron, Concrete, Fiberglass, Powder-
coated steel, Recycled plastic, Thermoplastic, Wood

Fig:- Wooden Bench Fig:-wooden Bench

Source:- Dunster House Source:- Duster House
 GARDEN TYPES

1. Container gardens
• Container gardening is the practice of growing plants exclusively in
containers instead of planting them in the ground.
• In some cases, this method of growing is used for ornamental
purposes.
• It is also useful in areas where the soil or climate is unsuitable for
the plant or crop in question. .
• Delicate plants must be avoided for this purpose.
 GARDEN TYPES
2. Vertical Gardens/ Green Walls
• A vertical garden is a wall, either freestanding or
part of a building, that is partially or completely
covered with vegetation and, in some cases, soil or
an inorganic growing medium.

• The concept of the green wall dates back to 600

BC.

• It was conceptualized as solution to the problem

of modern garden design.

fig: Vertical garden/Green wall

 GARDEN TYPES
3. Urban Gardening

• Urban gardening is the practice of growing plants in an urban environment.

• Urban gardening has a positive impact on the economy, the environment and
food security.
• Urban gardening is done in a communal place, like a rooftop where every person
gets a designated area where they can sow their plants.
• The simple act of planting a plant on a balcony or window sill is a great way to
become an active urban gardener.
 GARDEN TYPES
4. OTHERS
• Vegetables Garden
• Healthy lawns
• Flower gardens etc..
 GARDENING ACCORDING TO AGE GROUP

Gardening For Older People

Older people perform various of activities such as

• Digging, planting, watering
• harvesting food and flowers,
• sensory enjoyment (smelling, touching, looking, listening,
remembering)
Tips for creating a garden for older people are:
• vertical planting by using wall and trellis spaces
• raising beds to avoid bending and stooping
• using retractable hanging baskets, wheelbarrows and
containers on castors to make suitable movable and
elevated garden beds
• providing shade areas for working in summer months
• having stable chairs and tables to use for comfortable
gardening
• for easy watering consider installing a drip feeder
system or tap nearby
 GARDENING ACCORDING
Z TO AGE GROUP

Gardening for child

Younger children will require careful supervision during

activities. Suitable tasks for include watering plants,
harvesting produce and planting seeds.

Older children are physically capable of handling a

greater variety of activities, like digging, carrying,
planting, mulching and pruning.

Tips for creating a garden are:

 Make a scarecrow.
 Install a water feature, a birdbath or a sundial.
 Set up a worm farm.
 Grow interesting plants like large, brightly colored
flowers like jasmine, daffodils, sunflowers, marigolds,
pansies and vegetables like corn, strawberries, peas,
rosemary, carrots, cherry, tomatoes
 PLANTS THAT CAN BE USED IN HOUSING

Name - Dypsis Lutescens

Name - Japanese Sago
Family – Palmae
Family – Cycadaceae
Botanical - Chrysalidocarpus Lutescens Green
Botanical - Cycas Revoluta
Color - Slender Gold (Stems)
Color - Dark Green
Height - 20-30 cm
Height - 30-50 cm
Water Need – Medium
Water Need - Average (Regular)
Growing - Very Slow
Growing - Very Slow
Blooming Time - Late Spring/Early Summer
Blooming Time - Late Spring
 PLANTS

Name - Basket Of Gold Name - Common Tansy

Family – Brassicaceae Family – Asteraceae
Botanical - Aurinia Saxatilis Botanical - Tanacetum Vulgare
Color - Grey Green (Leaves) Yellow (Flowers) Color - Yellow (Flowers) Reddish – Purple
Height - 20-30 Cm Color(Stems)
Water Need – Low Height - 105-160 Cm
Growing – Medium Water Need – Average Or Dry
Blooming Time - Early Summer, Mid Spring, Late Growing – Fast
Spring Blooming Time - July-August
 PLANTS

Name - False Indigo Name – Rose

Family – Pea Family – Rosaceae
Botanical - Baptisia Spp Botanical – Rosa
Color - Cream, White, Yellow, Lavender, Purple, Blue Color - Red, White, Pink, Orange, Coral, Yellow,
(Flowers) Blue Green, Medium Green (Leaves) Lavender (Flowers), Greenish Brown (Stems)
Height - 60-120 Cm Height - 120-180 cm
Water Need - Average, Low Water Need – Occasionally
Growing – Medium Growing – Fast
Blooming Time - Late Spring - Early Summer Blooming Time - Spring, Summer
 CREEPERS
• A plant, generally with elongated, flexible stem, which
typically spreads (“creeps”)horizontally along the
ground.

• Creepers often provide an excellent ground cover for

landscaping purposes, but some may be somewhat
invasive in natural settings (they cove rand smother
other vegetation) unless controlled.

Name – Rangoon
Family – Combretaceae
Botanical - Quisqualis Indica
Color - Pink Red (Flowers), Herbaceous (Stem),
Shiny/Glossy-Textured (Leaves)
Height - 300-1200 (or more) cm
Water Need – Medium
Growing – Fast
Blooming Time - Late Spring/Early Summer, Mid Fall
 CREEPERS

Name - Variegated Creeping Name - Coral Vine Mexican

Family – Moraceae Family – Polygonaceae
Botanical - Ficus Pumila Variegata’ Botanical - Antigonon Leptopus
Color - White-Margined (Leaves) Color - White-Rose-Pink, Deep Coral (Flowers),
Height - 90-1500 cm Dark Green (Leaves)
Water Need – Average Height - 900-1200 cm
Growing – Fast Water Need – Medium
Blooming Time - Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter Growing – Fast
(Indeterminate) Blooming Time - June – October

Name - Chinese Fan Palm
Family – Arecaceae
Botanical - Livistona Chinensis
Color - Bright Green (Leaves)
Height - 30-400 cm
Water Need – Medium
Growing – Slow
Blooming Time - Early
Summer, Mid Summer, Late
Summer
TREES
Name - Asoka Tree Name – Jacaranda
Family – Annonaceae Family – Bignoniaceae
Botanical - Polyalthia Longifolia Var. Botanical - Jacaranda Mimosifolia
Pendula Color - Soft Blue, Mauve-Blue,
Color - Green -White (Flowers), Purple (Flowers) Lacy Green
Green/Yellowish Green (Leaves) (Leaves)
Height - 800-1200 cm Height - 900-1350 cm
Water Need – Medium Water Need – Average
Growing – Average Growing – Medium
Blooming Time - Early Spring To Late
Spring
 SHRUB
Name – Bougainvillea Name - Bigleaf Hydrangea
Family – Nyctaginaceae Family – Hydrangeaceae
Botanical - Bougainvillea Brasiliensis Bush Botanical - Hydrangea Macrophylla
Color - Purple; Red; Lavender; Yellow (Flowers), Color - Blue, Pink, White (Flowers), Green
Variegated (Leaves), Brown (Stem) (Leaves)
Height - Upto-900 Cm Height - 60-180 cm
Water Need – Low Water Need – Medium
Growing – Fast Growing - Very Fast
Blooming Time - July To August
 SHURBS
Name - Oriental Arborvitae
Family – Cupressaceae
Botanical - Platycladus Orientalis
Aurea Nana
Color - Evergreen (Leaves)
Height - 60-150 cm
Water Need – Medium
Growing – Slow
Name - Alpine Currant
Family – Grossulariaceae
Botanical - Ribes Alpinum
Color - Greenish-Yellow (Leaves)
Height - 90-180 cm
Water Need – Medium
Growing – Medium
Blooming Time – April
Maintenance - Low
 CULTURAL FACTORS
• Contemporary environmental design should not only stay on the surface of
appearance, but also pay attention to cultural expression of landscape
features.

• For residential landscape, the expression of the culture is reflected from

individual intentions of architecture or landscape and also the mental of
residents and cultural atmosphere of communities.

Tongkonan traditional housing in Indonesia Integrated housing by dhurmus-suntali foundation

 THE CULTURAL INTENTIONS OF ARCHITECTURE
• In residential areas, the main body must be living buildings.
• The building is the best carrier of the cultural intentions.
• Whether the form of building structure, color creating or residential layout,
it should integrate the essence of the local history and cultural context, and
combined with modern design concept.
• It creates residential areas not only to meet the daily using of the residents,
but also to become a bearer and transmitter of city culture.

Aanhui hongcun, China Tamil nadu, India

 CULTURAL SPACE

• People spend most of the time at home and in

external environment so interpersonal relations of
residents are a crucial part of the social relations.
• Neighborhood communication could provide
material and spiritual assistance, emotional and
intellectual exchange, as well as the constraints on
behavior.
• Sometimes it could also provide leisure pastime.
• Therefore, residential landscape should pay full Outdoor prayer area in UAE

attention in spiritual and cultural level, which

contains the local traditional culture, society,
lifestyle, aesthetic taste, folk traditions, religious
beliefs and other factors.
• To establish harmony between the neighborhoods,
the residents should have a sense of belonging,
which is conducive for social stability and unity.

Holi celebration in Rainbow children home