PART A

1. Define glass.

Glass is an amorphous solid which exhibits glass transition temperature by arresting the kinetics
below super cooled liquid region when bypassed crystallization.

2. What is glass transition temperature?

Glass transition temperature is the temperature at which higher molecular weight materials
(polymers) transforms from glassy state to a viscous and rubbery state.

3. What is optical glass?

Optical glass is a fundamental material used in many optical applications, including prisms,
lasers, beam splitters, and other optical components.

PART B

1. Write a note on windshield glass

Windshield is a front part cover of a car which provides visibility while protecting occupants
from the elements. Modern windshields are generally made of laminated safety glass, a type of treated
glass, which consists of, typically, two curved sheets of glass with a plastic layer laminated between
them for safety, and bonded into the window frame.

2. Write a note on photo chromatic glass.

Materials which change colour reversibly upon irradiation are called photo chromic. The word
‘reversibly’ does not exclude examples having unmeasurably slow reverse rates, but does exclude those
in which the state resulting from the photolysis is thermodynamically very much more stable than the
initial state.

3. When windshield glass of a bus/car broken due to accident, it shatters into harmless fragments. How?

Because windshield of a car is made of laminated glass, which is designed to offer highest levels
of safety in the event of a crash. The laminated glass is made up of two pieces of glass, with a thin layer
of vinyl between them. The three pieces are laminated together by applying heat and pressure in a
special oven called an autoclave. When a small object strikes a piece of safety glass, typically only the
outer layer of the windshield that is struck breaks.
4. Today windshield in cars is a safety device just like seatbelts & airbags. How?

Because it acts as a blocking device. The main function of the windshield, as its name suggests, is
to block the dust, debris and small rocks from entering the vehicle and getting into your eyes. It covers
the front part of the car completely to protect you from the changing weather conditions as well. The
glass is treated to absorb the harmful UV rays of the sun and protect you from the heat. You get clear
visibility to drive your car safely.

PART C

1. How is ordinary glass manufactured?

Glass is made by melting together several minerals at very high temperatures by sodium and
calcium silicate. Silica in the form of sand is the main ingredient and melted in a furnace at temperatures
of 1400 - 1500°C.

2. What is annealing of glass? Why is it necessary?

This controlled process for cooling glass to relieve interior stresses is called "annealing".
Annealing of glass is critical to its durability. Glass that has not been properly annealed retains thermal
stresses caused by quenching, which will indefinitely decrease the strength and reliability of the product.

3. Write any three varieties of glass

1. Annealed glass

2. heat-strengthened glass

3. toughened glass.