LESSON PROPER WEEK 7
Include your website
Tour brochures.
Describes a destination, hotel, service or tour with the intention of promotion. You can
use them as mailings to prospective customers, include them in brochure racks and have
them available at your office or business location. As travelers often collect brochures
and other literature when planning a holiday, brochures can be very effective marketing
tools. You must, however, be sure to include all the necessary information and plan your
inclusions carefully.
A Good Cover.
This is the first thing that people will see and it should immediately answer three
questions:
1. Who is advertising? (your business)
2. Where you are located?
3. What are you selling? Make the cover visually compelling and keep it simple.
Use professional quality images.
Description of the Benefit.
Tell your potential customers not only what you are offering, but why they will enjoy it.
This will require knowledge of your target audience, so research this if you haven't
already. Create a personal message to that audience letting them know why they
specifically should participate in your offering.
Call to Action.
Your brochure should focus on one specific objective. If you are announcing new
offerings, make sure the brochure explains them and their benefits. A brochure that is
intended to describe a travel product should be detailed and provide plenty of pictures
and descriptions. You should include a statement telling people what you want them to
do next and how they can become involved.
Product Explanation.
Describe the facilities completely and include attractive photographs. Include
information about special services, promotions and events. Tell them what differentiates
you from the competition.
Recreational Activities.
List not only the facilities and activities available to your guests but also any public sites
that they may be able to take advantage of during their stay. Entertainment is an
important part of travel, so be sure you include all the fun things your guests will
experience with your travel product.
Geographic Information.
List the address, contact details and a map to help people find you. If you are located in
a place that is difficult to get to, include comprehensive directions.
address if you have one.
Pictures.
Travel is a very visual product category. People want to see where they are going and
only high quality professional images can achieve this. Include several photos that best
showcases your product. Be careful, however, not to mislead people by using old phots
or pictures that misrepresent your offerings.
Pricing Strategies
Price setting for tour operators requires a strong mix of marketing strategy and financial
analysis. The people, accommodation and components that make up the
experience/holiday you provide can be incredibly diverse and pricing strategies often
evolve as a tour operator develops its brand and market share.
What To Consider When Setting Your Pricing Strategy
How unique is your business?
The more unique your product the more flexibility you will have to decide your pricing.
What value added services do you provide that enhance the perceived value of your
offering? 
Some examples include free parking, a purchase incentive such as champagne on arrival
or discounted tickets to a particular attraction or eatery.
What market do you want to attract and what position in that market do you want
to establish? 
Research your target market in relation to product needs, price sensitivity, length of stay
etc.
What are your operating costs? 
Calculate your break-even point and therefore what your minimum pricing should be for
profit goals (estimates of revenue, occupancy rates etc will be needed).
What do competitors with similar products and services charge within your
market? 
Competitors’ prices do influence the maximum rate at which your product can be sold
but you must be aware of your own financial position (debt levels, cash flow etc) before
you can decide whether you should compete on price.
When launching it may be necessary to set prices lower than your longer term pricing  Towered
expectations in order to attract volume, credibility and establish your brand. As you
 Non-Towered
become more established with regular bookings you can consider increasing prices.
What is your overall marketing strategy? If you cater for the luxury traveler pricing The TOWER controls the air traffic and monitors the departure / arrival of air crafts.
may not fluctuate much at all but if you are targeting the budget traveler you will rely on
volume of bookings. Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based controllers who direct
aircraft on the ground and in the air.
Mark Up Pricing Strategy. Set the prices of your holidays, tours and activities to ensure
that you make a profit on each sale. Identify all of the costs associated with running your IMMIGRATION
business which includes the time spent developing and promoting a holiday or Responsible for the ADMISSION and REMOVAL of travelers entering the country.
experience.
 AIRPORT CUSTOMS
WEEK 8
An authority or agency responsible for the collection of duties & for
THE AIRPORT controlling the flow of people, animals & goods in and out of the country.
 PRE-SECURITY ZONES
 A public facility where aircrafts can take off and land.  Check-In Counters
 Consists of runways.  Retail Stores and Restaurants
 Usually owned and/or operated by the national government.  POST SECURITY ZONES
 Duty Free Shops
AIRPORT STRUCTURES AIRSIDE AREAS  Airport Lounges
• Runways. a strip of land on an airport, on which aircraft can take off and land.  Baggage Claim
• Taxiways. a path on an airport connecting runways with ramps, hangars,
PASSENGER FACILITIES
terminals and other facilities
• Ramps / apron. Flight line, ramp, or tarmac is the area of an airport where  Banks, Money Changers, & ATMs
aircraft are parked, unloaded or loaded, refuel, or boarded. Although the use of
the apron is covered by regulations, such as lighting on vehicles, it is typically
more accessible to users than the runway or taxiway.  Baggage Handling Services (Portage)

• Hangar. an enclosed structure designed to hold aircraft in protective storage.  Public Telephone Booths
AIRPORT STRUCTURES LAND SIDE
 Medical Clinics
 Public transport stations
 Access Roads  Postal Services
 Parking lots
 Parking

TYPES OF AIRPORTS  Special Assistance Services;

  Tourist Information
 Ground Transportation Services
AIRBUS AND BOEING
AIRBUS A380
The Boeing 737 and Airbus A320 are two of the most popular single-aisle planes flying.
They are about the same size and look quite similar to the untrained eye. The 737 is
Boeing’s most widely produced aircraft and has nine variants flown by almost all major
domestic airlines, especially Southwest, which operates only 737s and has 665 of ’em!
Delta flies about 100. The Airbus A320 (along with the similar A318, 319 and 321) is
more popular overseas, but in the US, they comprise 100% of Virgin America’s fleet
and much of JetBlue’s. US Airways has the largest Airbus fleet in the world, including
nearly 270 in the A320 family. United has about 160. Delta has 105 A319s and A320s.
BOENG 737
The easiest way to tell the difference between a 737 and an A320 is by looking at the
nose of the plane. Boeing jets tend to have pointy noses compared to Airbus noses which
are more rounded and bulbous. You can also look at the outer edge of the cockpit
windows. On 737, the windows have a sharp diagonal corner while the A320s windows
are more square. Also, look at the tail of both jets. The 737 has a tail that has a small
dorsal- like fin that extends at a slight angle from the top of the fuselage to the tail.
That’s absent on the A320’s smaller tail. See it? The A320 also has a larger, more
distinctive tail cone than the 737.
WEEK 9
THE FLIGHT
If you’ve ever flown anywhere in the world, you may be aware of the different seating
classes on a flight. Airlines traditionally have three travel classes in which a passenger
may be seated in. There include First Class, Business Class, and Economy Class. Each
airline’s policies and regulations differ, but overall, the cabin configuration will
determine how many classes of service are offered.  or private affair) for going abroad, the regular one may also have different types in
Here’s a guideline of how the different airline classes are broken down and how they
render services to passengers in each location:
First Class. First Class service is typically the priciest of the classes. Passengers
seating in the first-class section have more comfortable seating and are often given
extravagant services. These sections are usually occupied by celebrities and
wealthy passengers.
Business Class. Business class (also known as executive class) flight tickets are
also expensive, but much more affordable than first class. The difference between
the two is that business class has fewer perks, but for a passenger that fly’s
economy regularly, this is not an issue. Some airlines have abandoned first class
seating for this reason.
Economy Class. Economy Class cabins are broken down into two categories.
“Regular Economy” and “Premium Economy.” Economy Class seating is the most
basic of accommodations. Economy passengers receive standard service with no
real perks. Economy services range from airline to airline, but essentially, you’re
flying Economy (also known as flying coach) to get from point A to point B.
Premium Economy, is slightly better Economy Class seating, but must less
extravagant than Business Class or First Class. The name ranges with each airline,
but the biggest difference between regular and premium is the spacing of the
seating and the quantity of menu items available to you.
WEEK 10
LESSON PROPER
PASSPORT. At present, the passports issued by majority of countries in the world are
generally divided into three types: diplomatic, service/official and regular ones. Some
countries only issue one type(like UK); some countries only issue two of them (like
India, Pakistan and so on); but there are also some countries which issue four or five
types (like US, France and so on).
Diplomatic: Those who possess diplomatic status are issued a diplomatic type, like the
diplomat, consul and official as well as the head of state, governmental officials,
delegation members of the Congress or government, who are going abroad for national
affairs or activities. According to the international convention, the spouse and the
children of the above personnel generally are also issued the same type.
Service/Official: It is issued for government office-bearer of a country. Besides, all
countries will issue this type to the staff who works for embassies or consulates abroad
but have no diplomatic status, along with their spouse and the grown-up children.
Regular: It is issued to all other citizens (populace). For different reasons (line of duty
different countries.
Content of a passport. As for content, all countries have similar requirements with each
other. All contain the national emblem, the full country's name and the type imprinted on
the cover, while the details for use of it are usually imprinted on the back cover; On the
insider front cover are generally printed the words requesting that the correlated military
or administrative departments of the target country for some necessary convenience and
assistance to the person who carrying the passport.
Extensions for expired passports are allowed in all countries, so they contain special
pages for extension and remarks. To facilitate countries to issue visas, many additional
blank pages are included within it, each page imprinted with the word "VISA".
The texts printed on it are primarily in the native language of the issuer, but the same
texts in English are also included by most countries.
Period of Validity. A passport is not a permanent credential but a document with a
limited period of validity. It is the legal proof during the period of validity only, which is
also known as effective; otherwise it is invalid and is without legal status.
Periods of validity issued by different countries is inconsistent and respectively is one,
two, three and five-years, though the one issued in some countries may be valid for ten
years. Generally speaking, a period of validity in excess of six months is required by
countries for visa issue. If the period of validity is insufficient less than six months, you
will have to go to apply for extension or renewal. Only then can you go to embassies and
consulates to apply for a visa.
Effective Area. The effective area is one of important contents. In some countries it
imprinted the words like "this passport is effective toward XX (country name)" or
"citizen who holds it is not allowed to go to X X (country name) and XX (area name)".
Make it well-kept. Before you apply for the visa to your destination country, you had
better keep your prepared passport well in a safe place at home. Do not always carry it
with you. After obtaining a visa, it is active for that country and holds a high value.
Some international criminal groups and pickpockets specialize in stealing passport and
consider it more valuable than currency. They will trade it for money, or perform some
other illegal activities using it as a shield. Therefore, you must keep yours safe under
lock and key, especially after you pass through the customs inspection and go on the
oversea trip, be vigilant at all times. Now you should carry yours along with you all the
times. Do not put it into your outside pockets or bag then after a while another. It is
much safer to put it into an inside pocket, which allows ready access for any eventuality
you may encounter where it is required.
What to do if it is lost? If you lose it before you go abroad, you should immediately
report the case to the security authorities and relevant issuing office in your country,
provide a detailed statement of the time and the place of its loss and state the basic
information (name, gender, date of birth, number and so on), Necessarily, you may have
to go to your local newspaper to report the loss (your name and number should be
published plainly)
If it is lost abroad, you should rapidly report the case to the local public security organs
and complete the detailed and essential registration procedure, simultaneously you
should go to your countries nearest embassy or consulate as soon as possible to complete
the registration procedure of the loss report, and then apply for a reissue.
In order to prevent the loss, TCG suggests that you'd better write the number on a jotter
beforehand, or photocopy the whole content on its first page then make it well
preserved. All these preparations may offer you some convenient clues or good help
should you lose it.
Replacement. After you get a new one, firstly you should carefully inspect it. If there are
some questionable points or errors, you should immediately ask the related staff for the
application of correction. If no questions or mistakes are discovered after your
inspection, you can well bring it back and keep it well.
This is just the first step of the procedure for going abroad. Another necessary thing is
that you should carry your passport and the correlated credential materials to go to the
embassies or consulates of your target country stationed in your own country for the visa
application. When you obtain the visa, you should have an "International Prophylactic
Inoculation Certificate". After purchasing the air ticket to your target country and doing
some pre-trip preparatory work, you can proceed with your journey abroad.
A passport with two opposing blank visa pages and validity of at least six-month is
required from the day when you submit the visa application is required before you visit
China.
Various types of VISA
There are two over-arching categories of visas that apply to any country:
 Non-immigrant visas (meaning you do not become a citizen of that country)
 Immigrant visas (you do become a citizen of that country)
The 4 Types of Travel Visa
However, these two overall categories can be best discussed as four main sub-types of
visa:
Type #1: Tourist visa (pleasure travel visas)
Type #2: Immigration and naturalization visas (including by marriage)
Type #3: Student visas (for studying abroad)
Type #4: Business or work visas (for working, which includes both non-immigrant
and immigrant types)
These four sub-types apply to every country in the world, though the requirements (or
lack thereof) can vary widely, especially depending on which country you’re coming
from.
Type #1 – Tourist Visa Requirements: The Main Concern of Points Travelers
When talking about travel visas, it’s important to first understand where you are coming
from, what your citizenship status is (which country you have your passport from), and
where you plan on going. For the majority of our readers, the place you’re coming from
and citizenship status will both be the U.S., but where you are going can obviously vary
widely. However, some of you may be coming from one country and traveling to
another while holding citizenship in a third! In this case, you must be careful to check
travel requirements for your specific situation; otherwise, you could end up finding the
wrong information and being unable to travel.
Note: A tourist visa is a non-immigrant visa.
Type #2 – Immigration Visa Requirements: Obtaining Permanent Residence in the U.S.
An immigration visa is one that authorizes another person to permanently reside in a
country. This is closely related to the naturalization and citizenship process, though
immigration does not necessarily suggest citizenship. If you’ve heard someone mention
the term “Green Card,” they were actually talking about the immigration type of visa.
Green Cards do not, however, simply grant citizenship. What a Green Card will do is
allow the holder to both live and work in the United States, as this card is the path to
obtaining a citizenship. The citizenship process, also known as naturalization, is the final
step in becoming a full citizen of the U.S. Green Card holders must wait five years
before applying for citizenship. Full rights to all laws (including being subject to them)
are granted upon naturalization, which allows the bearer to travel as a U.S. citizen would
to all other various countries.
There are multiple paths to getting an immigrant visa, and seven different ways in which
to obtain it:
 Through family
 Through employment
 Through investment
 Through the diversity lottery
 Through refugee or asylum status
 Through “The Registry”
 Through the director of the CIA
Type #3 – Student Visa Requirements: Get Your Education Abroad
The “Study Abroad” visa! If only we all were able to do this. A student visa is obtained
when you are visiting a country for the purpose of an educational experience. While
many would agree that all travel, regardless of reason, ends up being an educational
experience, the travel here refers to trips in which you will be attending classes or
studying particular subjects. These visas apply to exchange students of just a few weeks,
or those staying a year or more.
Note: A student visa is also a non-immigrant visa.
Type #4 – Work Visa Requirements: Do Your Business Abroad
The fourth and final type of visa is the strictest and most difficult to obtain in any
country: the work visa. This is for a very simple reason: governments want economic
activity in their country to be driven by their own citizens. Overall, the U.S. is
particularly stern on these requirements. Many different types of work visas exist, and
they’re all given a not-very-aptly-named letter:
 E
 H
 L
 O
 P
 I
 TN/TD
 J
Note: Work visas can be either immigrant or non-immigrant in nature.
TRAVEL INSURANCE
Travel insurance is coverage that’s usually effective from the time you purchase your
policy until you return home – designed to protect you, your things, and your
experiences when you travel. Components of travel insurance include emergency
medical insurance, coverage for trip cancellation, trip interruption, delays, medical
evacuation, and lost, damaged, or stolen luggage, and emergency travel assistance.
Travel insurance is there to protect you if travel emergencies strike, but also to
reimburse you for money you’ve already spent on your trip – on plane tickets, hotel
rooms, tours, luggage, and personal items – if you have to cancel before it’s even time to
leave.
Every traveler won’t choose the same kind of insurance. In general, the best travel
insurance for you is going to depend upon a few variables:
+ Where you’re going
+ How you’re getting there
 + How much you’re spending
+ What you’re doing
Basic plans. Inexpensive trip policies that cover trip interruption and cancellation,
medical emergencies, and luggage, but may not pay out as much as higher-priced plans.
Comprehensive plans. Mid-priced plans that can offer standard limits for trip
interruption/cancellation, medical evacuation, and medical expenses; coverage for pre-
existing conditions; and coverage for things like missed connections not covered in basic
plans.
Luxury plans. More expensive plans that offer higher limits of coverage for medical
expenses and medical evacuation.
Specialty plans. Medical-only, evacuation-only, or adventure plans, often with higher
limits than might be found in comprehensive or luxury plans. Many times these plans are
bought in cases of obvious need – for instance, an adventurous traveler venturing deep
into the Amazonian bush who decides she needs a standalone medical-evacuation in the
event she needs to be air-lifted out.
WEEK 11
Baggage rules and regulations. Airlines set the rules for how many bags you may check
in and for possible related charges. These rules can vary according to frequent flyer
status, the product you have purchased and the route upon which you fly.
The following information will help you understand the rules regarding checked and
carry-on baggage and the role IATA plays in this area:
Carry-on Baggage
Weight and Size. Carry-on baggage allowance can vary according to the airline,
the cabin class you are traveling in and even the size of the aircraft. As a general
guide, carry-on baggage should have maximum length of 22 in (56 cm), width of
18 in (45 cm) and depth of 10 in (25 cm). These dimensions include wheels,
handles, side pockets, etc. Some airlines also enforce weight limitations, typically
starting at 5kg/11lbs. To avoid additional charges, please check with your airline
before you travel so that you are fully aware of the carry-on baggage allowance
included with your airfare. If you are using different airlines throughout your
journey, you should check their individual websites for up to date information
regarding carry-on baggage allowances.
Sharp Objects. All knives, sharp objects or cutting implements of any kind and of
any length, whether of metal or other material, and some sporting goods must be
packed in checked baggage. They cannot be carried in the cabin baggage nor on
your person.
Liquids, Aerosols, Gels and Powders. Security regulations limit the amount of
liquids aerosols and gels permitted in carry-on baggage. The International Civil
Aviation Organization, the UN's aviation standard-setting body, has defined
guidelines that more and more governments are adopting. The current restrictions
for liquids, aerosols and gels from ICAO and in effect in most countries are that
they must be in containers 100ml or equivalent, placed in a transparent resealable
plastic bag with max capacity 1-litre. At screening, these plastic bags should be
presented apart from other carry-on items. Medications, baby milk/foods, special
dietary requirements are exempt. Some airports also require additional screening of
powders in quantities greater than 355ml/12 ounces.
Medical Supplies. If you require the use of medical syringes in flight, such as for
insulin, you need documented proof of the medical need and ensure that the
material is professionally packed and labeled. If it is not, the medication is likely to
be removed at security screening.
Portable Electronic Devices. We recommend that you keep all your Portable
Electronic Devices with you in carry-on baggage. Laptops, tablets and mobile
phones may need to be presented separately at Security Checkpoints for additional
screening. If you are traveling with spare batteries, electronic cigarettes/vapes or
back-up power supply (power banks), these must always be carried in carry-on
baggage and not checked baggage. Any spare batteries must be individually
wrapped to prevent short circuit. 
Checked-in Baggage
Weight, Size and Number. IATA has guidelines for baggage but the number and
weight of baggage allowed free of charge can vary by airline, frequent flyer status,
routing and fare. To avoid additional costs, please check with your airline before
you travel so that you are fully aware of the checked baggage allowance included
with your airfare. Each bag should weigh less than 23KG/50LBS. This is an
international regulation set for the health and safety of airport workers who have to
lift hundreds of bags daily. If your bag weighs more than this, you may be asked to
repack, or have it labeled as "heavy luggage". The maximum weight for one bag is
32KG/70LBS in the EU and the US. Some airlines impose lower limits. The "piece
concept" is generally in use on flights within, to and from Canada and the United
States. This concept defines the number of bags entitled by the passenger's ticket.
Where the "piece concept" applies, generally, two pieces of checked baggage are
allowed per passenger, each piece weighing a maximum of 32 kilos (70 lb) and
measuring no more than 158 cm (62 in) when adding the dimensions: height +
width + length.
 Identification. Lost baggage is often the consequence of the baggage label having Do you need extra room for souvenirs? 
detached from the bag. To allow identification of your bag in all situations, make
sure to have your name, telephone number and email address appear outside of Are you willing to ship them or do you want to have them on you on your way back?
your bag and a copy of your travel itinerary inside your bag. When there is no other Are you able to pack light for this trip? Or are the activities varied enough that you need
way to identify your luggage, the airline will have to break it open and this more?
identification piece will be crucial to returning your belongings.
Do you like to have more with you when you travel? Or does the idea of carrying less
Valuables. We recommend that you do not pack valuable items in checked make you feel freer?
baggage.
If you attempt to pack light, will you end up spending more money acquiring what you
What Not To Pack In Checked Baggage. We recommend that all portable need on the trip? Or can you pack light and still have all you need?
electronic devices are placed in your carry-on baggage, but if you need to place
them in your checked baggage, you must make sure that they are fully switched off Do you prefer to spend the money for the convenience of packing light? Or will that
and not in sleep or hibernate mode. Electronic cigarettes/vapes, spare batteries and bother you?
portable power supplies (power banks) must not be packed in your checked
Are you okay with carrying all of your bags on the plane versus dropping them off at
baggage. Some items such as gas canisters, lighters, fireworks, bleaches etc. cannot
check-in?
be carried in checked baggage. If you are concerned that something that you wish
to pack may not be allowed, check with your airline. Items that are considered to
be too dangerous for checked baggage will be removed and probably not returned
to you.
CHECKED BAGGAGE VS. CARRY ON BAGGAGE
Travel experts from Travel Made Simple are of the strong belief that traveling with
carry-on luggage makes travel easier because “there’s no way the airline can lose your
luggage if you haven’t checked anything”.
According to SITA, the air transport industry has cut down the number of wandering
luggage by 50%. However, if you’ve had the misfortune of falling under the other 50%,
you’ll know that lost or damaged baggage is a traveler’s nightmare.
We recently discussed the importance of knowing your luggage rights and the steps to
take once you realize your baggage has been lost or delayed. Despite this, some travelers
rather skip the risk altogether by opting for carry-on luggage.
Travel writer, Ali Garland is opposed to checked in luggage because she dislikes getting,
“weighed down by heavy bags” and would rather avoid having to “deal with expensive
checked bag fees.”
“I’m of a different opinion. I’m prepared to pay checked bag fees for the pleasure of
being able to forego the nightmare of trying to cram all my travel necessities in a small
carry-on bag.”
When it comes to choosing whether to check your bags or carry on, don’t feel like you
have to come up with a perfect answer for all of your travels. Instead, just decide what
makes the most sense for your next trip.
Ask Yourself the Following Questions: