Black Text 

– Data from Literature review University of Jordan
Masters in Architecture
Blue Text – Personal Views and Analysis Theory of Architecture

Architectural Paradigm shift from Classical to Modern: a case 
of Frank Lloyd Wright – Falling Water 

FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT
A Study by: Wejdan Al Huniedi – 8210095
 Historical Context
Architectural Paradigm shift from Classical to Modern

– Section I. Historical Context –
– Section I. Historical Context –
 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT
1867 1959
Le Corbusier
1887 1965
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
1886 1969

Albert Einstein
1879 1955
Pablo Picasso
1881 1973
Automobile Television
1886 1927

Telephone First Automobile in America
1876 1893

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970
Figures Timeline

Context in Figures
– Section I. Historical Context –
 Art Nouveau

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980
Architectural Timeline

Industrial Revolution

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980
World History Timeline

Thanks to the industrial revolution, artists in the Art Nouveau style had access to new building
materials like glass, reinforced concrete, and cast iron & steel.
Buildings with large glass surfaces became popular during the second half of the 19th century,
when cast iron became more popular.

Industrial Revolution
– Section I. Historical Context –
 Art Nouveau

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980
Architectural Timeline

Art Nouveau
– Section I. Historical Context –
 Modern Architecture
Art Nouveau Art Deco

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980
Architectural Timeline

WWI
Industrial Revolution

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980
World History Timeline

By 1914, and with the beginning of the First World War, Art Nouveau was largely exhausted. In the
1920s, it was replaced as the dominant architectural and decorative art style by Art Deco and then
Modernism.

World War I
– Section I. Historical Context –
 Modern Architecture
Art Nouveau Art Deco

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980
Architectural Timeline
Art Nouveau Art Deco

Art Deco
– Section I. Historical Context –
 Modern Architecture
Art Nouveau Art Deco

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980
Architectural Timeline

The Modernist movement in architecture was an attempt to create a no historical architecture of

Functionalism in which a new sense of space would be created with the help of modern materials.
Modernism is a streamlined version of Art Deco, where the emphasis is placed on form rather
than ornament.

Modern Movement
– Section I. Historical Context –
 Modern Architecture
Art Nouveau Art Deco Post Modernism 

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980
Architectural Timeline

WWI WWII
Industrial Revolution

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980
World History Timeline

Post Modernism is a departure from modernism and rejects its basic assumptions.
In the Post Modern view there are no absolutes of any kind and there are no universal truths nor
universal criteria for beauty and nor are there universal principles of the good.

Post Modernism
– Section I. Historical Context –
 Modern Architecture High Modernism Late Modernism

Art Nouveau WWI Art Deco WWII Post Modernism 

Industrial Revolution

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980
Combined Timeline

While some scholars see modernism continuing into the 21st century, others see it evolving into
late modernism or high modernism.
So Whether you agree with the modernist point of view or not, this era marks the greatest if not
the only paradigm shift in architectural design.

Modernity evolution
– Section I. Historical Context –
 Frank Lloyd Wright
The Man who built America

– Section II. Biography–
 Frank Lloyd Wright
The Man who built America

– Section II. Biography–
 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT
1867 1959
Years Active
1885

Modern Architecture High Modernism

Art Nouveau WWI Art Deco WWII Post Modernism 

Industrial Revolution

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960

Frank Lloyd Wright Timeline

Wright was active during the greatest paradigm shift, he witnessed it’s start and origins from Art
Nouveau till it’s Peak and Maturity as Modern architecture.
During his lifespan of more than ninety‐one years he also witnessed major world history turning
points including the Industrial revolution and both world wars.

Wright’s Timeline
– Section II. Biography–
Wright's predilection for architecture was understood from an early age: according to his own
autobiography, while Wright's mother, Anna, was expecting, she declared that she would bear a
son who would grow up to build beautiful structures. She decorated his nursery with prints of
English cathedral.

Born into Architecture
– Section II. Biography–
 Price Company Tower, 
Bartlesville, Oklahoma

Wright grew up playing with geometrically shaped Frobel blocks that his mother had bought in
1876, which no doubt influenced the geometric clarity of his buildings. As Wright later wrote "For
several years I sat at the little Kindergarten table‐top ... and played ... with the cube, the sphere
and the triangle... These primary forms and figures were the secret of all effects... these smooth
wooden maple blocks... All are in my fingers to this day."

Froebel Kindergarten
– Section II. Biography–
Multiple pioneers of modernity grew up
playing with the Froebel set however the
extent of it’s effect was never fully
investigated or officially proven.
There was even a article in 1997 discussing
this phenomenon; Was Modernism Born In
Toddler Toolboxes?.

Froebel Kindergarten
– Section II. Biography–
 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT
1867 1959
Froebel Years Active
1876 1885
Draftsman at Allan D. Conover 
1885
Adler and Sullivan 
1887 1894 Wright’s Firm

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960

Frank Lloyd Wright Timeline Childhood Adulthood and Professional Life

Wright would work on at Adler and Sullivan as a draftsman. Sullivan soon recognized Wright’s
emerging talents, making the draftsman his personal assistant and spending hours mentoring him
and shaping his philosophies. they did have differences of opinion regarding architectural theory.
Sullivan is famous for his quote that "form follows function“, while Wright believed that "form
and function are one“.

Adler and Sullivan
– Section II. Biography–
 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT
1867 1959
Froebel Years Active
1876 1885
Draftsman at Allan D. Conover 
1885
Adler and Sullivan 
1887 1894 Wright’s Firm
Oak Park Taliesin I Taliesin II Taliesin III
1889 1911 1914 1925 1928

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960

Frank Lloyd Wright Timeline Childhood Adulthood and Professional Life Wright’s Personal Houses

Oak Park house was the location where Wright first started his own firm after Adler and Sullivan
and then later he designed Taliesin East and Taliesin West were he used to go back and from with
his apprentices and students later in his career.

Personal Houses
– Section II. Biography–
 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT
1867 1959
Years Active
1885
Wright’s Firm
Oak Park Taliesin I Taliesin II Taliesin III
1889 1911 1914 1925 1928

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960

Frank Lloyd Wright Timeline Adulthood and Professional Life Wright’s Personal Houses

Phoenix from the Ashes
– Section II. Biography–
 Architectural Styles
70 years of Architecture

– Section III. Architectural Styles –
 Modern Architecture High Modernism
ARCHITECTURAL TIMELINE
Art Nouveau Art Deco

Adler and Sullivan  Wright’s Firm
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT
Oak Park Taliesin I Taliesin II Taliesin III

Organic Architecture
WRIGHT’ STYLE 1914
Shingle Style Prairie Style Textile Block Usonian Style
American Domestic Style 1899 1918 1929 1934 1958

Fallingwater
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS 1935 37 1939
Winslow  Ross Martin Coonley Robie Hollyhock Millard Herbert Jacobs  Norman Lykes
House House House House House House House House House

93 02 03 07 08 20 23 36 67

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960

Frank Lloyd Wright Timeline

70 years of Architecture
– Section III. Architectural Styles –
 Frank Lloyd Wright; Charles S. Ross House Bruce Price; William Kent House 

Wright attacked the traditional room at its point of greatest strength – at the corner. He dissolved
the corner between the dining and living rooms by permitting one room to penetrate into the
other, both rooms are making use of an area within the other room’s space. In addition, the are of
overlap serves as a connecting space (the corridor or doorway) between the rooms.

Destruction of the Box
– Section III. Architectural Styles –
 The interpenetrating forms of the Ross house

In Wright’s work, space loses its fixed value and acquires a relative one. In the sense that it
depends upon experience and observation, this is empirical space, contingent upon the viewer
rather than possessing an independent reality of its own. It relates to individuals and their
changing position within that space.

Modern Conceptions of Space
– Section III. Architectural Styles –
It was at Wright’ Oak Park Studio (in the
Western edges of Chicago) during the first
decade of the twentieth century that Wright
pioneered a bold new approach to domestic
architecture, the Prairie style. Inspired by the
broad, flat landscape of America’s Midwest,
the Prairie style was the first uniquely
American architectural style.

Prairie Style
– Section III. Architectural Styles –
 Frank Lloyd Wright; Robie House

Space of Continuity
– Section III. Architectural Styles –
Space of Continuity
– Section III. Architectural Styles –
In the 1920s, Wright began to design a new
system to build homes in separate pieces at a
factory and shipped each piece to the build
site for construction.
He called these modular parts "textile
blocks." They were somewhat similar to the
idea of Lego blocks.

Textile Blocks
– Section III. Architectural Styles –
It is most likely that the Textile Block style was an experimental phase for Wright to test this new
construction method and it’s feasibility, only five houses were made in this style and there was a
custom block design for each one.
Some of the variations had voids in them and were used at the fence of the house.

Variations
– Section III. Architectural Styles –
The competitive Wright quickly became
interested in affordable housing for the
masses.
Usonian architecture grew out of Frank Lloyd
Wright's earlier Prairie style home designs,
however Wright began to make the Prairie
house look more modern with moderate
cost designed especially for the American
middle class.

Usonian Style
– Section III. Architectural Styles –
Frank Lloyd Wright, Kalil house

He continued to develop the concept of the Usonian style, and in the early 1950s he first used the term
Usonian Automatic to describe a Usonian style house made of inexpensive concrete blocks. The modular
blocks could be assembled in a variety of ways.

Usonian Automatic Homes
– Section III. Architectural Styles –
 ‘board‐and‐batten’ sandwich‐wall Double wall construction
Usonian style house made of inexpensive concrete blocks. The three‐inch‐thick modular blocks could be
assembled in a variety of ways and secured with steel rods and grout. "To build a low‐cost house you must
eliminate, so far as possible, the use of skilled labor," wrote Wright
"It is not only necessary to get rid of all unnecessary complications in construction..." wrote Wright, "it is
necessary to consolidate and simplify the three appurtenance systems — heating, lighting, and sanitation."

Low‐cost house
– Section III. Architectural Styles –
Frank Lloyd Wright, Jacobs House I Radiant “Gravity” Heating The Korean Ondol Method

Wright became the first western architect to develop a system of underfloor heating during modern times.
Wright, who came across the Korean Ondol method, An ancient form of heating, later applied it’s “principle” in
his Usonian houses however rather than conforming with the traditional structure. His method was based on
the boiler and steam piping used in modern radiators.

Underfloor Heating
– Section III. Architectural Styles –
 Philosophy
The creation of Organic architecture

– Section IV. Philosophy–
‘Organic architecture is a natural
architecture, the architecture of
nature, for nature’
– Frank Lloyd Wright, 1953 –

Organic Architecture
– Section IV. Philosophy–
The formal expressions found in Frank Lloyd
Wright’s architecture have been grouped into
several distinct styles, and yet over his long
career he consistently called his approach
‘Organic architecture’. With almost five
hundred built works, Wright ‘was a key
player in the development of modern
architecture yet constantly at odds with it.
He shared the goals of many other
modernists, yet his work was often very
different.
Wright’s Organic approach is a fresh Modern
architecture that engaged both
contemporary machinery and the ageless
natural landscape’

Organic and Modern
– Section IV. Philosophy–
Element Typical Approach Proof
Ground floor  Prominent, plinth‐like slab on ground which visually exaggerates or celebrates the  Robie, Millard,
connection between the building and the site.  Boynton,

Formal Mass  Bulk of the building reduced by shifted formal planes, blurring the boundary between  Talisan West,  

building and landscape.  Ennis

Roof  Horizontal roofline which extends well beyond the interior edge of the building, reaching  Palmer, Bernard, 

it out into the setting.  Robie, Petra Island

Containment  Buildings envelop or are perforated by trees, rocks or natural features.  Petra Island, 

Boulder, Williams

Openings  Large openings placed specifically to accentuate connection between internal and  Freeman, Isabel 

external landscape.  Roberts, Tirranna

Materials  Locally sourced, raw or minimally finished materials, expressing natural materials in the  Neil's, Millard,

building.  Bachman Wilson

Design Strategies For connection nature 
and architecture
– Section IV. Philosophy–
 Plinth‐like slab on 
Ground floor  ground
– Section IV. Philosophy–
 Plinth‐like slab on 
Ground floor  ground
– Section IV. Philosophy–
 Bulk reduced by 
Formal Mass  shifted planes
– Section IV. Philosophy–
 Bulk reduced by 
Formal Mass  shifted planes
– Section IV. Philosophy–
 Horizontal 
Roof Roofline
– Section IV. Philosophy–
 Horizontal 
Roof Roofline
– Section IV. Philosophy–
 Buildings perforated 
Containment by natural features
– Section IV. Philosophy–
 Buildings perforated 
Containment by natural features
– Section IV. Philosophy–
 Large openings placed 
Openings specifically
– Section IV. Philosophy–
 Large openings placed 
Openings specifically
– Section IV. Philosophy–
 Large openings placed 
Openings specifically
– Section IV. Philosophy–
 Regionalist unfinished 
Materials materials
– Section IV. Philosophy–
 Regionalist unfinished 
Materials materials
– Section IV. Philosophy–
 Regionalist unfinished 
Materials materials
– Section IV. Philosophy–
 Great Laurel Rhododendron 

Regionalist unfinished 
Materials materials
– Section IV. Philosophy–
Generating Design
– Section IV. Philosophy–
 Design Process
– Section IV. Philosophy–
 Fallingwater
The Essence of Organic Architecture

– Section V. Fallingwater–
Fallingwater
Documentary – The story of Fallingwater

– Section V. Fallingwater–
In the huge drafting room in Taliesin, real architectural work was in short supply, all wright and his apprentices
could do was to draw and dream, then at last a commission came in, the result would take frank Lloyd wright’s
career to new heights.
In 1933 a wealthy Pittsburgh businessman, Edgar Kauffman decided to rebuild his holiday cottage, deep in the
Pennsylvania woodland, as chance would have it his son was an apprentice at Taliesin, Wright and Kauffman
met and the deal was done.
Wright visited and surveyed this very challenging site and asked for detailed maps of it drawn up but
afterwards months passed with no sign of progress, then at Taliesin one day, the phone rang, Mr. Kauffman
was in the area, could he come by and look at Frank’ plans for the new building…
Wright sat down in his drafting room and in just two hours sat down an astonishing vision…
What he had designed has been called the greatest house of the 20th century…
Fallingwater…
Fallingwater is a product of both Wright's design ideas and personality, as well as those of his client and the
context of the time. Understanding each of these components and how they interacted can give a fuller and
richer understanding of this great building.
Almost 90 years on from it’s construction it still takes your breath away, looking fantastically modern and yet
timeless.

Documentary Script
 Fallingwater

Fallingwater
Entrance

Bear Run Reserve
– Section V. Fallingwater–
Fallingwater didn’t follow any of the Wright’ styles however it was a combination of all three
under the philosophical approach of organic architecture, Here Wright combined the horizontal
grid of the Prairie houses, the vertical grid of the blockwork houses of the 1920s, and the
exploitation of the site of his Usonian houses.

Stylistic Context
– Section V. Fallingwater–
Eliminate the sense of being locked up in a room or space (Destruction on the Box) via creating a
composition out of planes and screens.

Eliminate the Box
– Section V. Fallingwater–
Horizontal planes connect the rocky hillside with the river to anchor the building in its
surroundings.

Anchor planes
– Section V. Fallingwater–
Establish a visual connection with the environment by lifting the structure out of the riverbed
using concrete slabs to create a view over the river.

Visual Connection
– Section V. Fallingwater–
Let openings arise out of the composition of planes and screens by doing this wright Lets the
openings form in a natural way.

Natural Openings
– Section V. Fallingwater–
Wright respects the identity of the site by using a combination of materials and ornaments from
the surroundings.

Identity
– Section V. Fallingwater–
The sunlight reaches the building mainly from above, this is an innovative way to maximize the
use of natural light.

Natural Light
– Section V. Fallingwater–
 Functions Legend
A Living Room
Second Floor
B Terrace
C Kitchen
D Staff Room
E Stairs Basement
F Stairs
G Dressing Room
First Floor
H Bath Room
I Corridor
J Bed Area
K Study Room
Total Area 865 SQM, of which 
Ground Floor 400 SQM are Terraces

Functions
– Section V. Fallingwater–
 To Basement Stairs; UP
Stairs; DOWN
Entrances
Driveway
To First Floor

Entrance
To Basement

Driveway
To First Floor Bridge
Entrance

To Basement

Entrance

Ground Floor
– Section V. Fallingwater–
 Driveway Bridge
– Section V. Fallingwater–
 1

First Floor

Ground Floor

Hanging Stair
– Section V. Fallingwater–
 Access to Services
Services

Access to Plunge Pool

Plunge Pool

Hatch Stair Hatch Stair

Basement Floor
– Section V. Fallingwater–
 Plunge Pool
– Section V. Fallingwater–
 Hatch Stair
– Section V. Fallingwater–
 Stairs; UP
Stairs; DOWN
Entrance From Guest Bridge Entrances
To Second Floor

To Second Floor
To Ground Floor

Entrance

To Ground Floor

First Floor
– Section V. Fallingwater–
 Guest Bridge
– Section V. Fallingwater–
 Guest House
– Section V. Fallingwater–
 To First Floor To First Floor

Stairs; DOWN

Second Floor
– Section V. Fallingwater–
 Interior Design
– Section V. Fallingwater–
The building is anchored at a point above a natural boulder. Here four piers, or bolsters, are
anchored and act as the fulcrum of the building. Out of this rock support rises the highest part of
the home, a vertical core of stone walls which surround three vertically stacked rooms. This
structure because of its weight and rigidity has the ability to act as the fulcrum for each successive
terrace. Other walls or partitions act to brace each tray from twisting along their great lengths.

Structure
– Section V. Fallingwater–
To achieve such dramatic cantilevers Wright could not rely on the standard wood, because it does
not have the necessary compressive and tensional strength to span such lengths unsupported. To
achieve his design he used a relatively new technology at the time, reinforced concrete.

Construction
– Section V. Fallingwater–
Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater demonstrates three kinds of cantilevering; extension from an
anchorage, counterbalance, and loaded extension. The use of cantilever here creates a sense of
effortless in floating.

Cantilevers
– Section V. Fallingwater–
– Section V. Fallingwater–
The architect must be a
prophet... a prophet in the true
sense of the term... if he can't
see at least ten years ahead
don't call him an architect
The mother art is architecture. Without
an architecture of our own we have no
soul of our own civilization.
Every great architect is ‐ necessarily ‐ a great poet. He must
be a great original interpreter of his time, his day, his age.
THERE SHOULD BE AS MANY (STYLES) OF HOUSES
AS THERE ARE KINDS (STYLES) OF PEOPLE AND AS
MANY DIFFERENTIATIONS AS THERE ARE
DIFFERENT INDIVIDUALS. A MAN WHO HAS
INDIVIDUALITY HAS A RIGHT TO ITS EXPRESSION
AND HIS OWN ENVIRONMENT.

Legacy
The W(right) Effect on American Architecture

A BUILDING SHOULD APPEAR TO GROW
EASILY FROM ITS SITE AND BE SHAPED TO
HARMONIZE WITH ITS SURROUNDINGS
IF NATURE IS MANIFEST THERE.
The good building is not one that hurts the
landscape, but one which makes the landscape more
beautiful than it was before the building was built.
I’d like to have a free architecture. I’d like to
have an architecture that belonged to where
you see it standing, and was a grace to the
landscape instead of a disgrace. And the letters
we receive from our clients tell us how those
buildings we built for them have changed the
character of their whole life, and their whole
existence. And it’s different now than it was
before. Well, I'd like to do that for the country
 Wright’ houses in Oak Park

Frank Lloyd Wright designed Homes in (Nearly) Every American state, 37 out of 50 states to be
exact.
He designed around 1000 structures around the world with more than 500 of which are erected.

Wright’ Structures
– Section VI. Legacy–
Wright pioneered many inventions including
the concrete modules of the textile block,
the economical sandwich wall and the under
floor heating technology of the Usonian style
and many more.
One of his interesting inventions was the
structural glass which composed of tubular
and ball elements. The objective of this
invention is to provide structural glass
elements which will have a broader utility
for modification than is possible with
structural glass units now in use, such as
glass bricks, panes or the like.

Inventions
– Section VI. Legacy–
Eight of Frank Lloyd Wright’s major works have officially been inscribed to the UNESCO World
Heritage List by the World Heritage Committee. The Wright sites that have been inscribed include
Unity Temple, the Frederick C. Robie House, Taliesin East, Hollyhock House, Fallingwater, the
Herbert and Katherine Jacobs House, Taliesin West, and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.

UNESCO
– Section VI. Legacy–
 Thank you
A Study by: Wejdan Al‐Huniedi – 8210095
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256059142_A_Quantitative_Comparison_between_Wright's_Prairie_Style_and_Tr
iangle‐Plan_Usonian_Houses_using_Fractal_Analysis
http://theorganicarchitect.com/philosophy/
https://www.re‐thinkingthefuture.com/architectural‐styles/a3896‐frank‐lloyd‐wright‐structures‐from‐the‐usonian‐period/
https://vmspace.com/eng/report/report_view.html?base_seq=MTA3Nw%3D%3D&utm_medium=website&utm_source=arch
daily.pe
https://www.mymove.com/home‐inspiration/decoration‐design‐ideas/great‐architectural‐lessons‐from‐frank‐lloyd‐wright/
https://www.theartstory.org/artist/wright‐frank‐lloyd/
https://www.theartstory.org/artist/wright‐frank‐lloyd/life‐and‐legacy/
https://www.notablebiographies.com/We‐Z/Wright‐Frank‐Lloyd.html
http://www.gizmoweb.org/wp‐content/uploads/2014/02/14‐03‐2013‐Frank‐Lloyd‐Wright.pdf
https://www.architectmagazine.com/project‐gallery/usonian‐house‐at‐florida‐southern‐college
https://fallingwater.org/
https://www.slideshare.net/appleManiac/falling‐water‐final
https://aiaustin.wordpress.com/2018/07/22/fallingwater/

References
https://www.mymove.com/home‐inspiration/decoration‐design‐ideas/great‐architectural‐lessons‐from‐frank‐lloyd‐wright/
https://www.theartstory.org/artist/wright‐frank‐lloyd/
https://www.theartstory.org/artist/wright‐frank‐lloyd/life‐and‐legacy/
https://www.notablebiographies.com/We‐Z/Wright‐Frank‐Lloyd.html
http://www.gizmoweb.org/wp‐content/uploads/2014/02/14‐03‐2013‐Frank‐Lloyd‐Wright.pdf
https://franklloydwright.org/visual‐history‐life‐americas‐greatest‐architect/
https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/froebels‐gifts/
https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1335652536/inventing‐kindergarten‐0
https://www.acsa‐arch.org/proceedings/Annual%20Meeting%20Proceedings/ACSA.AM.102/ACSA.AM.102.35.pdf
https://www.teachingbydesign.org/design‐elements/frank‐lloyd‐wright‐concepts/
https://www.quickenloans.com/blog/interesting‐house‐prairie‐style
https://www.re‐thinkingthefuture.com/architectural‐news/a5165‐textile‐blocks‐and‐3d‐cement‐tiles‐inspired‐by‐frank‐lloyd‐
wright/
https://www.jstor.org/stable/43029134
https://www.goddensudik.com/architectural‐styles/usonian/

References
https://digitalworks.union.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2047&context=theses
http://www.wright‐house.com/frank‐lloyd‐wright/fallingwater‐pictures/pictures‐of‐fallingwater.html
https://www.marblesystems.com/a‐homage‐to‐textured‐stone‐mosaic‐wall‐of‐fallingwater‐house/
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3130/jaabe.1.297
https://nocloudinthesky.wordpress.com/2014/01/23/in‐pursuit‐of‐floating‐the‐cantilever/
https://franklloydwright.org/frank‐lloyd‐wrights‐top‐interior‐design‐lessons/
http://www.historic‐structures.com/pa/mill_run/fallingwater14.php
https://www.mymove.com/home‐inspiration/decoration‐design‐ideas/great‐architectural‐lessons‐from‐frank‐lloyd‐wright/
https://franklloydwright.org/a‐world‐of‐influence/
https://www.acollectedman.com/blogs/journal/frank‐lloyd‐wright
https://www.archdaily.com/925974/mapping‐frank‐lloyd‐wrights‐creations‐throughout‐the‐united‐states
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NDPO3ArwPF0

References