Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology

Nagtahan, Sampaloc, Manila

College of Engineering

Mechanical Engineering Department

MEENG 416 – Control Engineering Laboratory – W 7:00 am to 2:00 pm

Submitted by:

Leader

Nungay, Gino I.

Admitted by:

Engr. Mark Niño Javier

 I. Objectives

 To easily understand the Ladder Diagram Programming

 To understand and be able to read a Schematic diagram of ladder

diagram programming

II. Introduction

Ladder diagrams are advanced schematics widely used to record logic

structures for industrial controls. It is a type of electrical notation. This symbology

is sometimes used to demonstrate the interconnection of electromechanical

switches and relays. A digital depiction of the features of the program.

These are called ladder diagrams because they mimic a ladder, with two

vertical rails and as many “rungs” as there are to represent control circuits. The

load device is drawn almost always on the right-hand side of the rung in ladder

diagrams. Although it doesn’t matter electrically where the relay coil is within the

rung, it does matter that the end of the power supply of the ladder is grounded.

For stable operation.

III. How do we read the ladder diagram

 Ladder diagram parts:

• Rails In a ladder diagram there are two rails that are drawn as vertical lines

going down the foremost ends.

• Rungs The rungs are drawn horizontally and link the rails to the statements of

logic.

• Inputs The inputs are actual control acts such as pushing a push-button or

activating a cap switch.

• Outputs are electronic machines that are turned on and off like an electric motor

or a solenoid lever.

• Logic Expressions The logic expressions are used to formulate the desired

control operations in combination with the inputs and outputs.

IV. Conclusion

For PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) programming, a ladder diagram

is utilized. It is a graphical PLC programming language that uses ladder diagrams

to express logic operations symbolically, similar to the rails and rungs of a

standard relay logic circuit. It is designed to emulate electrical circuits; it is, of

course, a fantastic approach to representing abstract logic. For digital logic, a

ladder diagram is fairly intuitive.