Psychodynamic theory

Psychodynamics, also known as psychodynamic psychology. It was propounded by

Sigmund Freud (1900) in its broadest sense, is an approach to psychology that

emphasizes systematic study of the psychological forces that underlie human

behavior, feelings, and emotions and how they might relate to early experience.

Psychodynamic therapists encourage people to speak freely about their emotions,

desires, and fears. Being open may help reveal vulnerable feelings that have been

pushed out of conscious awareness. According to psychodynamic theory, behavior

is influenced by unconscious thought

The assumptions/Principles of the theory.

1. The Psychodynamic approach also looks at mental process. However, the

cognitive approach does not explain what motivates behavior. Issues of motivation

are central within the Psychodynamic approach, which are biologically based.

2. Concern about motivation are linked to the psychology of personality, since

intentions are held by someone. Thus, the theory of personality is also central.

3. The Psychodynamic approach focuses on the role of internal processes.

4. It focuses on the person as a whole.

5. Much of behavior is governed by a process that lays outside the individual's

awareness, that is the unconscious.

Comments on the theory.

Folarin(2002) argues that under the Psychodynamic theory for a persuasive

message to be considered effective, it must succeed in ultering the

Psychodynamical functioning of the recipients in such a way that he/she will

respond overtly to the model of behavior suggested by the communicator.

The study of motivation and mental processes is the foundation of the theory. The

Psychodynamic theory states that bad behavior can be changed through the

breaking of bad habits.

The Psychodynamic theory also deals with behavior change. Understanding

behavior requires insights into the thoughts and feelings which motivate our

actions.
Arousal Theory.

Arousal theory was propounded by Robert Yerkers and John Dodson.(1908).

According to the theory, when an emotion is felt, a physiological arousal occurs

and the person uses the immediate environment to search for emotional cues to

label the physiological arousal. This can sometimes cause misinterpretations of

emotions based on the body's physiological state

Arousal theory was propounded by Robert Yerkers and John Dodson.(1908).

According to the theory, when an emotion is felt, a physiological arousal occurs

and the person uses the immediate environment to search for emotional cues to

label the physiological arousal. This can sometimes cause misinterpretations of

emotions based on the body's physiological state

Assumption/Principles of the theory.

1. Different individuals perform better at different levels of arousal.

2. Individuals usually seek to find their optimum level of performance

3. Theory explains how behavior becomes aroused into action.

4. There is a predictable relationship between arousal and behavior.

Comments on the theory.

Arousal is a major aspect of many learning theories and is closely related to other

concept, such as stress, anxiety, attention, agitation and motivator towards changes.

Too much or too little change (learned) will certainly work against the learner. The

level of arousal has an obvious effect on the learner, with too much having a

hyperactive effect.
5.2 CONCLUSION

Ginger is one of the famous herbs and spice is used by most of the people in the

world. So the most important thing of this product which will be source of

incomes, if Nigeria will invest it according to the production process and know the

amount of income to be earned by Nigeria. If they are focusing on other countries

that have not good area to grow up it, through use marketing mix, promotion to

show the important information, health benefits of Ginger and make guidelines for

how to use it in consideration distribution channels are close to the consumers.

And it was found that ginger is useful in many acute and chronic conditions like

nausea, vomiting menstrual cramp, reducing blood sugars, asthma, congestive

conditions, and as an aphrodisiac. This review research is based on current and past

research done on the therapeutic health benefit of ginger and the commercial value

of it’s for the various conditions.

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