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PAKISTAN STUDIES

Main Contents:
1. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan.
2. All India National Congress.
3. 1861 & 1892 acts.

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• SIR SYED AHMAD KHAN

Prepared and Presented by:

Ansar Abbas

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 SIR SYED AHMAD
KHAN
➢ Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was
a man of versatile
personality.
➢ He rendered memorable
contributions to the field of
writing

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 SIR SYED AHMAD
KHAN
• Indian Muslim pragmatist
• Philosopher and Educator
• He served the East India
Company
• . He was a British loyalist but
didn’t hesitate to criticize
British policies
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 SIR SYED AHMAD
KHAN
• In the 1859 booklet
“Asbab-e-Baghawat-e-
Hind”, he told about the
causes of the Rebellion
against the British
Government.
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SIR SYED AHMAD KHAN

• In 1859, he established a Persian school at

Muradabad.
• In 1863, he established a Scientific Society in
Gazipur for the translation of scientific work written
in English to languages that Muslims can understand
including Arabic, Urdu, and Persian.
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 SIR SYED AHMAD
KHAN
• As a progressive thinker, he
worked for the social and
educational betterment of
Muslims.
• In this pursuit, he established
modern schools and the
Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental
College(1877).
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SIR SYED AHMAD KHAN

• Sir Syed Ahmed also considered the involvement of

Muslims in politics, very important. However, he advised
Muslims to not involve in politics until they acquire modern
education and understand English.
• He also wanted to form a better relationship between
Muslims and Hindus, but he soon realized both couldn't live
together.
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ALIGARH MOVEMENT
Goals:
• To build a relationship of understanding between Muslims
and the British.
• To persuade Muslims to learn English.
• To motivate Muslims to get scientific knowledge.
• To produce educated Muslims that can work side by side
with the British.
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HONORS:
• On 2 June 1869, Syed Ahmad Khan was appointed a Companion of the Order
of the Star of India (CSI), for his service as Principal Sadr Amin. He was
appointed a fellow of the Calcutta and Allahabad Universities by the Viceroy
in the years 1876 and 1887 respectively.
• Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was later bestowed with the suffix of 'Khan Bahadur'
and was subsequently knighted by the British government in the 1888 New Year
Honors as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India (KCSI) for
his loyalty to the British crown, through his membership in the Imperial
Legislative Council, and in the following year, he received an LL.D. honoris
causa from Edinburgh University.

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Allama Iqbal believed that:
“The real greatness of the man (Sir Syed Ahmad Khan)
consists in the fact that he was the first Indian Muslim
who felt the need for a fresh orientation of Islam and
worked for it.”

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 ALL INDIA NATIONAL CONGRESS

Presented by:
Muhammad Tahir Naseem
BS Computer Science (Section B)
Department of Computer Science

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 INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

Introduction:
➢The Indian National Congress conducted its first session in
Bombay from December 1885 at the initiative of retired Civil
service officer, Allan Octavian Hume.
➢Its aim was to obtain a greater share of government for
educated Indians and to create a platform for civic and
political dialogue between them and the British Raj. 16
 INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

➢Hume organized the first meeting in Bombay with

the approval of the Viceroy Lord Dufferin.
➢The first session was attended by 72 delegates.
➢The delegates comprised 54 Hindus and two
Muslims; the rest were of Parsi and
Jainbackgrounds.
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INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

Members:
❖ Ajay Maken.
❖ Avinash Pandey.
❖ Priyanka Gandhi.
❖ Jairam Ramesh.

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 INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

➢Within the next few years, the demands of the

Congress became more radical in the face of
constant opposition from the British government.
➢The party decided to advocate in favour of the
independence movement.
➢Because it would allow a new political system in
which the Congress could be a major party.
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 INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

Role of Gandhi and Satyagraha:

➢The rise of Gandhi's popularity and his satyagraha
art of revolution led to support from:
❖ Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
❖ Dr. Rajendra Prasad
❖Khan Mohammad Abbas 20
 INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

➢Polices aimed at eradicating caste differences,

untouchability, poverty, and religious and ethnic
divisions, the Congress became a forceful and
dominant group.
➢Congress was only a party of Hindu people who only
want their profit in every field of life than Muslims.
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 INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

Rises of Indian Nationalism:

➢The first spurts of nationalistic sentiment that rose
amongst Congress members were when the desire
to be represented in the bodies of government.
➢Congressmen saw themselves as loyalists, but
wanted an active role in governing their own 22

country, albeit as part of the Empire.

 INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

➢Congress was only a party of Hindu and they were not in the
right of Muslims in anyway so Muslims had to set up their
their own party.
➢This was only the solution of the Muslims problems and
finally Muslim League aroused as the party of Muslims in
1906.

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THANK YOU

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