Microbiology and Parasitology ASYNCHRONOUS SESSION

NAME: GEORGETTE FLOREANNE L. DUQUE

Case Analysis SECTION: BSN 1C
DATE: FEBRUARY 22, 2022

A 45-year-old white female, is admitted to acute care for pneumonia. She has a history of AIDS (Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome). She has increased susceptibility to infection due to lack of an adequate
functioning immune system. She is being hospitalized for IV antibiotics.

GUIDE QUESTIONS:

1. Describe the basic procedures for Standard Precautions that the nurse should utilize while caring for
this client.
2. Describe specific factors that would predispose this client to nosocomial infections and how the
nurse could prevent these type infections.
3. Would personal protective equipment be needed while caring for this client? Why or why not?

4. What teaching related to medical asepsis should be taught to this client/family?

SHORT ANSWER

Hand hygiene should be observed before and after any patient interaction. Whether or whether gloves
should be worn following interaction with hazardous materials are put on. It is also necessary to make Use of
personal protective equipment (PPE) such as Gloves to protect you when directly handling potentially
infectious materials or contaminated surfaces, Gowns, Shoe and Head Covers and lastly, Masks and
Respirators. Since it is appropriate for the situation based on the risk assessment. Make sure to stay away
from blood, bodily fluids, dirty linens, excretions, and other potentially harmful substances. Avoid injury from
needlesticks and sharp objects and Ensure that patient-care equipment is handled properly. The specific
factors that would predispose this client to nosocomial infections inclines the pathogens responsible for
infections are the bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They can emerge in a variety of settings, including hospitals,
long-term care institutions, and ambulatory settings, as well as after discharge. The most important step in
order to prevent these it the correct hand hygiene. It should be practiced by all employees and patients on a
regular basis. maintaining the cleanliness of the healthcare environment and equipment When performing
surgery, caring for wounds, or inserting and caring for medical equipment such as intravenous cannulas and
urine catheters, adhere to established sterile methods. Like what’s stated above, avoid needle sticks or
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contact with "sharps" that have been contaminated with an AIDS victim's blood. That’s why it is a must to
wear PPE. When there is a chance of coming into contact with blood or other bodily fluids, use proper
personal protective equipment, such as gloves, gowns, masks, or eye protection. PPEs are physical barriers
that keep infectious pathogens out of the hands, skin, clothes, eyes, nose, and mouth. For a background,
Medical asepsis, also known as “clean technique” is aimed at controlling the number of microorganisms and
is used for all clinical patient care activities. The teaching that may be helpful to the client and his/her family
is the hand hygiene technique. Hand hygiene prevents us from risks and microbes that might build up since
our hand touches everything it is more likely to be the no. 1 spot of dirt. That’s why to stop and prevent the
spread of infection, hand washing is very necessary.

CHAPTER 7 – PRE-DISCUSSION ACTIVITY

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL METHOD of STERILIZATION
A. Create a Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting the physical and medical method of sterilization.

In this method, Several

chemical agents are used
In this method, as antiseptic and disinfect-
To
; It Involves sunlight, prevent disease ants. Some of these are Al-
heat, Filtration, transmission related cohols (Ethyl alcohol and
and radiation. In terms of with the usage of an isopropyl alcohol), Aldehyd-
Heat, there are several es, Formaldehyde (Laundry
object, sterilization
Things included like, dry he- eliminates all germs on & Dish Detergent), Glutara-
At, flaming, incineration, the surface of the item or ldehyde, Orthophathalalde
Moist heat sterilization, hyde, Phenols, Cresols (Lys-
in the fluid.
pasteurization, inspissation, ol), Chlorhexidine (Savlon),
Destruction of most
LTSF, boiling, tyndallisation,
resistant bacterial spores Chloroxylenol (Dettol), Hex-
Steam sterilizer and autocla with relatively brief achlorophene, Halogens (Ch
-ve. Filtration involves diff. exposure. Easy control -lorine & iodine). Oxidizing
Filters such as candle, asbes Agents: Hydrogen peroxide,
of lethality for
-tos,air, syringe, membrane various materials Peracetic acid, Salts, Dyes,
And sintered. Lastly, radia- Vapor phase Disinfectant,
and supplies.
tion. This involves ionizing Ethylene Oxide (ETO),
radiation and non-ioni- Betapropilolactone (BPO)
zing radiation.
Microbiology and Parasitology ASYNCHRONOUS SESSION

B. Create a table to showcase the characteristics of different disinfectants.

DISINFECTANTS THE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT DISINFECTANTS

OXIDIZING AGENTS
Moderate to wide germicidal activity, not sporicidal. Rendered
(Hydrogen
ineffective in the presence of organic matter. Moderately corrosive, limited
peroxide,
toxicity. Poor to limited residual activity. More valuable as a cleansing and
Potassium deodorizing agent. Moderate cost.
Permanganate)
Quats are a top choice for disinfection in hospital and institutional
settings because of their low cost and quick action against a wide range of
QUATERNARY microorganisms. Limited germicidal range. Not sporicidal, effective against
AMMONIUM vegetative bacteria, fungi and viruses. Reduced efficiency in the presence of
COMPOUNDS organic matter. Limited effectiveness in soaps, detergents and hard water
(Quats) salts. Non-irritating, non-corrosive and low toxicity. Residual activity is limited
by the amount of recontamination. Good disinfectant for use on cleaned
surfaces. Low cost.
When diluted in water, alcohols are effective against a wide
range of bacteria, though higher concentrations are often needed to disinfect
ALCOHOLS wet surfaces. Wide germicidal activity, non-corrosive, but poses a fire hazard.
(Isopropyl or Ethyl Limited residual activity due to evaporation. Alcohols provide limited activity
Alcohol) in the presence of organic matter. Not considered effective against bacterial
or fungal spores. Excellent for disinfecting instruments or other small objects.
Too expensive for general use in the hatchery. Must use as a 70-95%
concentration for effectiveness.
Very effective against the bacteria that cause Tuberculosis, yet
ALDEHYDES they need a high part per million (ppm) ratio to be effective for disinfection.
(Glutaraldehyde) Wide germicidal activity, sporicidal and fungicidal. Slight to moderate
efficiency in presence of organic matter. Slight residual activity. Moderately
toxic. Moderate cost.
Provide wide germicidal activity but are corrosive. Limited
HALOGENS (Iodines activity when in the presence of organic matter. Poor residual activity, low
or hypochlorites) toxicity, but may stain surfaces.
Not effective as sporicidal agents. Effective at low concentrations for
disinfecting clean, small objects. Low cost but requires frequent applications.
Effective against pathogenic bacteria including Mycobacterium
tuberculosis as well as fungi and viruses, but also very toxic and corrosive,
PHENOLICS (Single
attacking surfaces while they attack the organisms on them. Wide germicidal
or Multiple) range, not sporicidal. Low toxicity and low corrosiveness. Very effective in the
presence of organic matter. Good residual activity and deodorizer. Low to
moderate cost.
COAL TAR Wide germicidal activity, not sporicidal. Corrosive and toxic at
DISTILLATES (Cresol high concentrations.Excellent residual activity with heavy odor. Highly
and Cresylic Acid) efficient in presence of organic matter. Not well suited for use near eggs or
chicks due to noxious gases. Moderately expensive.
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II. ANSWER THE SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS for CHAPTER 6 and CHAPTER 7

Chapter 6 Chapter 7
1. B 1. A
2. C 2. B
3. A 3. A
4. B 4. C
5. B 5. A
6. A 6. D
7. E 7. A
8. A 8. A
9. B 9. A
10. A 10. D