Basement

Water Closet Ratio NBC

Parking Slots B.P. 344 Fire Code

Curbs Walkways Planting Strip Ramps

Drop Offs Bike Lanes Signages and so on…

 BASIC PHYSICAL PLANNING REQUIREMENTS
ACCESSIBILITY
REACHABILITY
The built environment shall be designed so that it shall be
accessible to all people. This means that no criteria shall
Provisions shall be adapted and introduced to the physical environment so
impede the use of facilities by either the handicapped or non-
that as many places or buildings as possible can be reached by all.
disabled citizens.

USABILITY
ORIENTATION
The built environment shall be designed so that all persons, whether they be disabled
or not, may use and enjoy it. Finding a person's way inside and outside of a building or open space shall
be made easy for everyone.
SAFETY

Designing for safety insures that people shall be able to move about with less hazards WORKABILITY AND EFFICIENCY
to life and health.
The built environment shall be designed to allow the disabled citizens to
participate and contribute to developmental goals.
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR
ACCESSIBILITY ILLUSTRATIONS
FOR MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS
 OUTSIDE AND AROUND THE BUILDING
Changes in level walkways should be by a dropped curb.

Should be provided at pedestrian crossings and at the end of

walkways of a private street or access road.

Dropped curbs at crossings have a width corresponding to the width

of the crossing; otherwise, the minimum width is 0.90 meters.

Dropped curbs shall be ramped towards adjoining curbs with a

gradient not more than 1:12.

Shall be sloped towards the road with a maximum cross gradient of

1:20 to prevent water from collecting at the walkway.

DROPPED CURBS The lowest point of a dropped curb should not exceed 25 mm from the road or gutter.
 OUTSIDE AND AROUND THE BUILDING

DROPPED CURBS
AT CORNER
 OUTSIDE AND AROUND THE BUILDING

Curb cut-outs should only be allowed when it will not obstruct a

walkway or in any way lessen the width of a walkway.

The minimum width of a curb cut-out should be 0.90 meters.

Curb cut-outs should have a gradient not more than 1:12.

CURB CUT-OUTS
 OUTSIDE AND AROUND THE BUILDING
Walkways should be kept as level as possible and provided with slip-resistant material.

Whenever and wherever possible, walkways should have a

gradient no more than 1:20 or 5%.

Walkways should have a maximum cross gradient of 1:100. Walkways should

have a minimum width of 1.20 meters.

If possible, gratings should never be located along walkways. When occurring along
walkways, grating openings should have a maximum dimension of 13 mm x 13 mm
and shall not project more than 6.5 mm above the level of the walkway.

Walkways should have a continuing surface without abrupt pitches in angle

or interruptions by cracks or breaks creating edges above 6.50 mm.
WALKWAYS & PASSAGEWAYS
 OUTSIDE AND AROUND THE BUILDING
In lengthy or busy walkways, spaces should be provided at some point along the route so that a
wheelchair may pass another or turn around. These spaces should have a minimum dimension of
1.50 m and should be spaced at a maximum distance of 12:00 m between stops.
To guide the blind, walkways should as much as possible follow straightforward routes with right angle turns.

Where planting is provided adjacent to the walkway, regular maintenance is essential to ensure branches of
trees or shrubs do not overhang walkways or paths, as not only do these present a particular danger to the
blind, but they also reduce the effective footways width available to pedestrians generally.

Walkway headroom should not be less than 2.0 m and preferably higher.

Passageways for the disabled should not be obstructed by street furniture, bollards, sign posts or
columns along the defined route, as they can be hazardous.

WALKWAYS & PASSAGEWAYS

 OUTSIDE AND AROUND THE BUILDING
Handrails should be installed at both sides of ramps and stairs and at the outer
edges of dropped curbs. Handrails at dropped curbs should not be installed
beyond the width of any crossing so as not to obstruct pedestrian flow.

Handrails shall be installed at 0.90 m and 0.70 m above steps or ramps. Handrails for
protection at great heights may be installed at 1.0 m to 1.06 m.

A 0.30 m long extension of the handrail should be provided at the start and
end of ramps and stairs.

Handrails that require full grip should have a dimension of 30 mm to 50 mm.

Handrails attached to walls should have a clearance no less than 50 mm from the
wall. Handrails on ledges should have a clearance not less than 40 mm.
HANDRAILS
 OUTSIDE AND AROUND THE BUILDING

Where open spaces are provided, the blind

can become particularly disoriented.
Therefore, it is extremely helpful if any
walkway or paths can be given defined edges
either by the use of planters with dwarf walls,
or a grass verge, or similar, which provides a
texture different from the path.

OPEN SPACES
 OUTSIDE AND AROUND THE BUILDING
Directional and informational sign should be located at points conveniently seen
even by a person on a wheelchair and those with visual impairments;
Signs should be kept simple and easy to understand; signages should be made of
contrasting colors and contrasting gray matter to make detection and reading easy;

The international symbol for access should be used to designate routes and facilities that are accessible;

Should a sign protrude into a walkway or route, a minimum headroom of 2.0 meters should be provided;

Signs on walls and doors should be located at a maximum height of 1.60

M. and a minimum height of 1.40 meters. For signage on washroom doors.

Signages labelling public rooms and places should have raised symbols, letters or numbers with minimum
height of 1 mm; braille symbols should be included in signs indicating public places and safety routes;

SIGNAGES Text on signboards shall be of a dimension that people with less than normal visual acuity can read at a certain distance.
 OUTSIDE AND AROUND THE BUILDING

SIGNAGES
 OUTSIDE AND AROUND THE BUILDING
In order to reduce the exposure time to vehicular traffic, all at grade crossing should:

Be as near perpendicular to the carriageway as possible.

Be located at the narrowest, most convenient part of the carriageway.

Have central refuges of at least 1.5 m in depth and preferably 2 m, provided as a mid-crossing shelter,
where the width of carriageway to be crossed exceeds 10 m.

All crossings should be located close if not contiguous with the normal pedestrian desire line.

Provide tactile blocks in the immediate vicinity of crossings as an aid to the blind.

Note: Tactile strips formed from brushed or grooved concrete finishes have not been proven successful as
they do not provide sufficient distinction from the normal footway surface and therefore should not be used.
CROSSING
 OUTSIDE AND AROUND THE BUILDING

CROSSING
 OUTSIDE AND AROUND THE BUILDING

CROSSING
 Changes in level require a ramp except when served by a dropped
curb, an elevator or other mechanical device;

Ramps shall have a minimum clear width of 1.20 m;

The maximum gradient shall be 1:12;

Accessible parking slots should have a minimum width of 3.70 m.;

The length of a ramp should not exceed 6:00 m. if the gradient is 1:12; longer ramps
whose gradient is 1:12 shall be provided with landings not less than 1.50 m.;

A level area not less than 1.80 m. should be provided at the top and bottom of any ramp;

Handrails will be provided on both sides of the ramp at 0.70 m. and 0.90 m. from the ramp level;

Ramps shall be equipped with curbs on both sides with a minimum height of 0.10 m.;

RAMPS Any ramp with a rise greater than 0.20 m. and leads down towards an area where vehicular traffic is possible,
should have a railing across the full width of its lower end, not less than 1.80 meters from the foot of the ramp;
RAMPS
RAMPS
 PARKING Parking spaces for the disabled should allow enough space for a
person to transfer to a wheelchair from a vehicle;
Accessible parking spaces should be located as close as possible to building entrances or to accessible entrances;

Whenever and wherever possible, accessible parking spaces should be perpendicular or to an angle to the road or circulation aisles;

Accessible parking slots should have a minimum width of 3.70 m.;

A walkway from accessible spaces of 1.20 m. clear width shall be provided between the front ends of parked cars;

Provide dropped curbs or curb cut-outs to the parking level where access walkways are raised;

Pavement markings, signs or other means shall be provided to delineate parking spaces for the handicapped;

Parking spaces for the disabled should never be located at ramped or sloping areas;
PARKING AREAS
 INTRODUCTION

The term basement has been regarded as synonymous to the

term deep pit, which applies to excavations over 4.5 m deep.

MAIN PURPOSE OF CONSTRUCTING BASEMENTS ARE:

(a) to provide (b) as a form of (c) in some cases, basements may

additional space be needed for reducing net bearing
buoyancy raft, pressure by the removal of the soil.
 INTRODUCTION

A basement can be defined as a building storey built below the ground level.

The basement walls are in fact retaining walls to

withstand the soil and hydraulic pressures.

A basement can be constructed either by choice or compulsion.

 TYPES OF BASEMENTS

Category of Basement
Basic utility (car parking, plant rooms excluding electrical equipment, workshops).

Better utility (workshops and plant rooms requiring drier environments).

Habitable (ventilated residential and commercial areas).

Special (archives, requiring controlled environments).

 TYPES OF BASEMENTS

Basic Requirements
Care should be taken to build a damp proof basement that doesn't allow ingress of water or moisture.

Design should allow maximum possible light and ventilation.

The local bylaws should be followed and carefully studied before any type of construction.

No objection certificate from the owners of the neighboring plots should be secured.

Basements should not increase the risk of flooding from any source and are not being encouraged in areas that
are prone to flooding.

Basements should have adequate Fire Safety measures and Means of Escape.

If groundwater is present, the levels should be monitored for a period of time.

 TYPES OF BASEMENTS

NBC Guidelines related to Basement Construction

The minimum height of the basement should be 2.5 meters and the maximum height 4.5 meters.

The ceiling height should be a minimum of 0.9 meters and maximum of 1.2 meters above the road surface.

Ventilation is must for the basement and could be in the form of blowers, exhaust fans, air-conditioning, etc.

Surface drainage should not enter the basement.

The basement s walls and floors must be water-proof.

The basement should not be accessed directly from the road. It should be accessed only from the main entrance
or an alternative staircase that provides access to the building.
Only when a projecting basement is flush with the ground, or if the authority allows, can the basement be
permitted to touch the adjacent property.
 TYPES OF BASEMENTS

Water-Proofing of Basements
Water-proofing a basement is applying a membrane to the basement wall that has the ability to bridge cracks if
they should occur in the basement wall. If the site has a high-water table or poor soil conditions then a
waterproo ng system should be used.
 TYPES OF BASEMENTS

Water-Proofing of Basements
To achieve the performance level required, one or a combination of the following
waterproofing systems may be adopted:

Membrane system Integral system Cavity/drainage system

Water-proofing vs Damp-proofing

Water-proofing prevents the passage of water in the presence of hydrostatic pressure.

Damp-proofing retards the absorption of moisture in the absence of hydrostatic pressure.

 TYPES OF BASEMENTS

Water-Proofing of Basements
Why waterproofs a basement?

Hydrostatic Pressure Concrete Cracks Capillary Action Vapor Transmission Condensation

 TYPES OF BASEMENTS

Water-Proofing of Basements
Why waterproofs a basement?

Concrete Cracks Capillary Action Vapor Transmission Condensation

Hydrostatic Pressure

Hydrostatic Pressure can cause

= basement flooding +structural
damage + property damage
 TYPES OF BASEMENTS

Water-Proofing of Basements
Why waterproofs a basement?

Hydrostatic Pressure Capillary Action Vapor Transmission Condensation

Concrete Cracks

Moisture infiltration result in =unhealthy air

+ dampness + wall assembly damage
 TYPES OF BASEMENTS

Water-Proofing of Basements
Why waterproofs a basement?

Hydrostatic Pressure Concrete Cracks Vapor Transmission Condensation

Capillary Action

Moisture infiltration result in =unhealthy air

+ dampness + wall assembly damage
 TYPES OF BASEMENTS

Water-Proofing of Basements
Why waterproofs a basement?

Hydrostatic Pressure Concrete Cracks Capillary Action Vapor Condensation

Transmission
Vapor transmission is a leading cause
of concrete floor problems and coating
failures.
 TYPES OF BASEMENTS

Water-Proofing of Basements
Why waterproofs a basement?

Hydrostatic Pressure Concrete Cracks Capillary Action Vapor Transmission

Condensation

Also called sweating, condensation shows up

as water droplets, wet spots, or puddles on
basement floors and walls.
 MEASUREMENTS

Water-Proofing of Basements
Why waterproofs a basement?
PARKING & LOADING SPACE REQUIREMENTS

Parking Space Size

Perpendicular and diagonal 2.40 x 5.00

Parallel 2.00 x 6.00

Bus & Truck Loading Slot 3.60 x 12.00

PARKING & LOADING SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Type of Occupancy Parking Requirements

Low-income single detached housing

1 slot/10 units
- Individual not more than 100sqm

Multi family living units

Up to 50m 1 slot/8 units

above 50m to 100m 1 slot/4 units

more than 100m 1 slot/unit

Hotels 1 slot/10 rooms

Residential hotels and apartelles 1 slot/5 units
PARKING & LOADING SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Type of Occupancy Parking Requirements

Motels 1 slot/5 units

Shopping Centers 1 slot/100m

Markets 1 slot/ 150m

Restaurants, fast food outlets,
1 slot/30m of customer area
bars and beerhouses
Nightclubs, supper clubs and 1 slot/20m of customer area
theater-restaurants
Office Building 1 slot/ 125m of gross floor area
Pension/boarding/lodging houses 1 slot/ 20 beds
PARKING & LOADING SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Type of Occupancy Parking Requirements

Other buildings in business

and commercial zones 1 slot/ 125m of gross floor area

Public assembly buildings 1 slot/ 50m of spectator area

Places of worship and

1 slot/ 50m of congregation area
funerary parlors
Elementary schools,
secondary schools, vocational 1 slot/10 classrooms
and trade schools
College and universities 1 slot/5 classrooms
Hospital 1 slot/25 beds
PARKING & LOADING SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Type of Occupancy Parking Requirements

Bowling Alleys 1 slot/4 alleys

Amusement centers 1 slot/50m of gross floor area

Clubhouses, beach houses, etc. 1 slot/ 100m of gross floor area

Factories, manufacturing,
mercantile, warehouses 1 slot/ 1000m of gross floor area
and storage bin
Tourist bus parking 2 bus slots/ hotel or theater restaurant
PARKING & LOADING SPACE REQUIREMENTS
SPECIAL PROVISIONS:

1 accessible parking lot for 50-150 slots and an

additional slot for every 100 thereafter.
 PARKING & LOADING SPACE REQUIREMENTS
PARKING COMPUTATIONS

In mixed occupancy - 100% of dominant use /50% of non-dominant use

50% on street parking maybe included in computation

If there are parking lots available within 200 meters - 20%

parking requirement maybe provided
PARKING & LOADING SPACE REQUIREMENTS
PARKING FOR BUILDINGS FOR USE OF HANDICAPPED

50- 100 slots - 1 slot for handicapped

100 slots - 1 slot for handicapped

Wheel chair transfer area for every 2 slots

Maximum distance of accessible parking from

facility- 60 mts
PARKING & LOADING SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Type of Occupancy Loading Requirements

Stores, manufacturing, mercantile, 1 loading slot for every 5000m of gross floor
wholesale and the like area (minimum of 1 truck loading slot)

Hotels and hospitals 1 truck loading slot

ACCESS STREET, ROADS & ALLEYS
Type of Occupancy Measurements

6 Units 3.00 M

7 - 15 Units 4.00 m .60 sidewalk

16 - 25 Units 5.00 m 1.20 sidewalk

26 - 27 Units 6.00 m 1.20 sidewalk

36 Units 7.50 m 1.20 sidewalk

OPEN SPACE REQUIREMENT
Lot Type Min. Open Space Other Spaces

Interior 50% 25%

Inside Lot 20% 15%

Corner & through lots 10% 5%

Lot bounded by 3 or 5% 5%
more lots
BIKE LANES
BIKE LANES
BIKE LANES
BIKE LANES
BIKE LANES
BIKE LANES
BIKE LANES
DPWH prescribes standard bike lane designs for future projects

Through Department Order No. 88, series of 2020, Secretary Villar said
that new national road and bridge construction or future expansion of projects
shall incorporate a bicycle facility contingent on the prevailing road and traffic
conditions, but will have no less than 2.44 meters of bicycle path width.

From now onwards, design of new national roads and bridges will have a
minimum width of 2.44-meter bike lane feature for one (1) direction. The
desirable width of three (3) meters is set for a 2-directional separated
bike lane, unless under constrained condition which will follow the absolute
minimum of 2.44 meters.
 FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
FIRE RESISTIVE RATING

3 Stories 1 hour

4 stories or more 2 hours

DISTANCE TO EXIT
From any point in the 15 meters
room to exit door

Width of Exit 0.71 m min

Dead End 6.00 m max

 FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
HEADROOM (MEANS OF EGRESS

Minimum Headroom 2.30 m

Floor - Ceiling Projections 2.00 m

WIDTH AND FLOOR LEVEL

Door in a doorway (min) 0.71 m

Maximum width of doorway 1.22 m

(Riser) when opening outside 0.25 1 steps is allowed

Height of panic hardware 0.76 - 1.12m 7 kilos to open

 FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
TURNSTILES
Height 0.91 m

Width 0.56 m
Revolving Door 50% counted as
means of egress

THREAD & RISER

Min. number of risers 3 steps in one flight

 FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
STAIRS
Class A Stairs Class B Stairs

Width 1.12 m Width 1.12 m

Tread 0.25 m Tread 0.23 m

Riser 0.19 m Riser 0.20 m

Clear 2.00m Clear 2.00m

Landing 2.75m Landing 3.70m

 FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
GUARDS AND HANDRAIL RAMPS
Height from nosing 0.76m - 0.865m Class A Class B
Clearance from wall 0.38 m Width 1.2 m Width 0.76-1.12 m

Spacing of Rails 0.255 m max Slope 8-10% Slope 10-17%

Spacing of Balusters 0.1525 m apart

CURB HEIGHTS
Stairs 0.76 m

Floors 0.1525 m
 FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
GUARDS AND HANDRAIL
Curved Stairs 7.5 m max radius

Bridges & Balcony 1.12m width 3.0 sqm /per person

Fire Escape Illumination 0.001 lumens

Emergency Lighting 10 sec. Delay for  hour lighting

TRAVEL DISTANCE TO FIRE ESCAPE

If not protected with fire protected 46m with automatic fire suppression
If protected with fire protected 61m with automatic fire suppression
 FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARD OF CONTENTS

Low Hazard Contents

Ordinary Hazard Contents High Hazard Contents
Low combustibility that
Liable to burn with Liable to burn with extreme
no self-propagating
moderate rapidity. rapidity.
fire.
 FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE

CLASS A - Ordinary combustible materials.

CLASS B - Flammable liquid and gas.

CLASS C - Energized electrical equipment

CLASS D - Combustible materials.

 IMPLEMENTING RULES BY DPWH
DRIVEWAY
ARCADES
Ramp 1/3 to  slope
Clear Height 3.00 M
Sidewalk to ramp 1/8 slope
Curb line to outermost part 0.50 M
ENTRANCE TO BUILDING
SIDEWALKS
Ramp 1/10
Width 1/6 of right of way
Stairs
Tread 0.30 m
Riser 0.10 m
Steps 2 m min
 IMPLEMENTING RULES BY DPWH
ROAD NETWORK CLEARANCE OF SERVICE DROPS
National roads on Rural areas 60 M Clearance over roof
- If populated 30M of less From highest point of roof 1.50m min
Provincial roads 15m - 20m If voltage exceed 300V 1m
Municipality roads 10m Clearance from ground 3m min

Barangay roads 10m Horizontal Clearance 1m from window

When crossing as street 5.50m

lines for 15 mts high bldg 2m - 2.50m

 AMBF /SETBACKS /LOTS
TERMS DEFINED
TLA Total Lot Area
PSO Percentage of site
a.k.a. building footprint expressed in% occupancy
TOSL Total open Space
The part of the lot NOT occupied by the building within the lot

TLA = PSO + TOSL

 AMBF /SETBACKS /LOTS
TERMS DEFINED

USA
Unpaved surface area
The portion of the open space that is unpaved

ISA Impervious surface

The portion of the open space that is paved area

Since OPEN SPACE =TOSL TOSL = USA + ISA

 AMBF /SETBACKS /LOTS
TERMS DEFINED
MACA = PSO + ISA
hence, TLA = MACA + USA

AMBF Allowable max.

Footprint expressed in square meters building footprint
GFA
Gross Floor Area
Total enclosed floor area
 AMBF /SETBACKS /LOTS
TERMS DEFINED
TGFA
Total gross floor area
Includes all enclosed floor areas, no exceptions

Allowable max. volume

AMVB
of building
Outer faces of the
OFB
building
Floor and lot area
FLAR
ratio
 AMBF /SETBACKS /LOTS
LOT TYPES The code defines seven lot types:
Inside Lot

Interior Lot
Corner Lot
Through Lot
Corner through Lot
Corner through Lot abutting 3 or more streets
End Lot
 AMBF /SETBACKS /LOTS
LOT TYPES The code defines seven lot types:
Inside Lot

Interior Lot
Corner Lot
Through Lot
Corner through Lot
Corner through Lot abutting 3 or more streets
End Lot
 AMBF /SETBACKS /LOTS
LOT TYPES The code defines seven lot types:
Inside Lot

Interior Lot
Corner Lot
Through Lot
Corner through Lot
Corner through Lot abutting 3 or more streets
End Lot
 AMBF /SETBACKS /LOTS
LOT TYPES The code defines seven lot types:
Inside Lot

Interior Lot
Corner Lot
Through Lot
Corner through Lot
Corner through Lot abutting 3 or more streets
End Lot
 AMBF /SETBACKS /LOTS
LOT TYPES The code defines seven lot types:
Inside Lot

Interior Lot
Corner Lot
Through Lot
Corner through Lot
Corner through Lot abutting 3 or more streets
End Lot
 AMBF /SETBACKS /LOTS
LOT TYPES The code defines seven lot types:
Inside Lot

Interior Lot
Corner Lot
Through Lot
Corner through Lot
Corner through Lot abutting 3 or more streets
End Lot
 AMBF /SETBACKS /LOTS
LOT TYPES The code defines seven lot types:
Inside Lot

Interior Lot
Corner Lot
Through Lot
Corner through Lot
Corner through Lot abutting 3 or more streets
End Lot
 AMBF /SETBACKS /LOTS
SETBACKS
 AMBF /SETBACKS /LOTS
SETBACKS
 AMBF /SETBACKS /LOTS
SETBACKS
 PLANTING STRIPS
Planting strips shall be observed in accordance with the following:
Right-Of-Way(m) Economic Housing Socialized Housing

15 1.3 1.3

12 0.8 0.8

10 0.8 0.8

8 0.4 0.4

6.5 Optional Optional

…