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ENGLISH
3RD QUARTER REVIEWER
TOPICS
● Terms used in Drama and Theater
● Non-Verbal Strategies
● Types of Verbals
o Infinitives
o Gerunds
o Participles
● They that Sit in Darkness
● Mine Eyes have Seen
ONE-ACT PLAY
A one-act play is a play that has only one act, as
distinct from plays that present over several acts.
One-act plays may exist of one or more scenes.
The 20 to 40 minutes play has emerged as a
popular subgenre of the one-act play, especially in
writing competitions.
TERMS USED IN DRAMA AND THEATER
1.) Act – the divisions or sections in a play
• thus a “one-act play” is very short
2.) Blocking – the positions and moves of actions
• where the actors should stand, act, or sit.
3.) Cast – the list of characters and the names of the
actors who play the characters.
• Dramatic Personae
4.) Cue – the instruction/the signal given to the
actors where they enter and when they should speak
5.) Curtain Call (or “Curtain”) – the actors bowing to
the audience at the end of the play
6.) Director – the person in-charge (in terms of
controls) of areas in production such as design,
acting, and rehearsals among others
7.) Downstage – the front part of the stage, near the
audience.
8.) Dialogue – the lines of the characters in the play
delivered by the actors
9.) Props – the objects/materials used in the play
10.) Stage Direction – the description used by a
playwright (writer) regarding the different elements
• such as the settings, dialogues, and
directions.
11.) Stage Manager – the one who is in charge of
organizing and coordinating the production
12.) Upstage – the back part of the stage
NON-VERBAL STRATEGIES
Different Strategies that can be used in one-act play:
Verbal – used by the writer to convey the message
through language.
• Dialogues
Nonverbal – delivering lines in a play
• Form of communication that conveys
important and addition meaning to what you
are trying to say.
The performer’s actions or gestures that reflect their
thoughts and express their feelings.
• Facial Expression
o Smiling = happy
Frowning = sad
• Gestures – movements of our hands or
heads to express our thoughts
o Waving as a symbol for greeting or
saying goodbye
• Body Movements – movement of the whole
body to convey a meaning
o Walking closer to the listener to
establish rapport
o Walking left to right (to address the
audience in different parts of the
room)
• Vocal Factors – exploring the rate and
volume of the voice
o Rate or speed – how fast or slow the
speech is
Faster speeches = anxiety or excitement
Slower speeches = hesitation or careful
consideration
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o Volume – the softness or loudness of
the voice
A loud voice = anger or excitement
A softer voice = uncertainty
TYPES OF VERBALS
The best thing to do is applying what you have
learned.
What I love about the country is stargazing at night.
Stargazing – gerund
Stargazing at night – gerund phrase

What is a Verbal? INFINITIVES

Words derived from verbs but are used as nouns,
adjectives or adverbs. Infinitives – used as noun, adjective and adverb.

GERUNDS Form = To + V

Gerunds – functions as a noun 1.) As Noun

Form = V + ing Subject: To run is a good form of exercise.

Example:
Running is my favorite hobby.
4 Uses:
As a Subject – before a verb (usually)
Writing is Alexa’s favorite hobby.
Drinking water is healthy.
Reading poetry is my favorite stress reliever.
As a Direct Object – after a verb
Hannah loves writing.
• What does Hannah love to do?
The old man enjoys strolling across the park.
• What does the old man enjoy?
Janna takes acting seriously.
• What does Janna take seriously?
Direct Object: JM wanted to act on television.
Object of Preposition: He had no choice but to do the
chores.
Subject Compliment: My dream is to become a
scientist.
Appositive: His passion, to run, led him to become a
professional athlete.
2.) As Adjective – follows noun and describes it
I need a moment to think.
Here are memories to ponder.
3.) As Adverb – “why is the action done?”
Matthew hid to cry.
My father fixed the roof to prepare for the storm.

As an Object of Preposition Infinitive Phrase: objects + modifiers

I look forward to spending time alone.
They are afraid of swimming in the sea. To climb the highest peak in the country is my
Kris had a unique way of smiling. ambition. (As noun – Subject)

Aron plans to set an appointment with his dentist.

Prepositions: (As Adverb)
In, Inside, Into, Out, Of, He opened the box to reveal an expensive gift. (As
Outside, To, Toward, Under, Adjective)
At, With, Within, Over,
Through, From, Between,
Around, Among, etc.

As a Subject Compliment – after a linking verb

• LV: is, are, am, was & were
Most of the students’ interest is dancing.

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PARTICIPLES MINE EYES HAVE SEEN

Participle – used as an adjective (modifies nouns) A story that explores the idea of choices,
circumstances, duty to family and country and
Forms: patriotism.

Present Participle = V + Ing Author: Alice Dunbar-Nelson

- An American poet, journalist and political
The smiling woman in the picture is my sister. activist
Barking dogs seldom bite. - An Advocate for the rights of African-
Americas and women
Past Participle = V + ed/en/n - Her writings explored the treatment and
struggles of African-American families
The recorded song of the children was posted on - Her piece “Mine Eyes Have Seen” was
social media. published one year after World War I
The cracked glass needs to be thrown in the trash.
Characters:
Participial Phrase Dan – the crippled older brother
Chris – the younger brother
Children introduced to music early develop strong Lucy – the younger sister
intellectual skills. Mrs. O’Neil – the Irish neighbor
• Children – noun Jake – a Jewish boy
• Introduced – participle Julia – Chris’s sweetheart
• To music – modifier
Inspirations: The Battle Hymn of the Republic
Removing his coat, Jan rushed to the river.
• Jan – noun
• Removing – participle
• His coat – modifier

THEY THAT SIT IN DARKNESS

Written in 1919
Focuses on the difficulties faced by working class
black families with many children.

Author: Mary Burill

- Early 20th Century African-American
playwright whose best known work proceeds
the Harlem Renaissance period
- Wrote about black families
- A teacher and model to many renaissance-
era writers
- Much loved teacher of English speech,
drama as several of her students became
distinguished playwrights.

Characters:
Mrs. Malinda Jasper
Lindy
Miss Elizabeth Shaw

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