GEN PHYSICS

WEEK 7 - FREE FALL NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

• FORCE - is a push or pull upon an object resulting from the
FREE FALL
object's interaction with another object.
• A free-falling object is an object that is falling under the sole
• Force is a quantity that is measured using the standard metric unit
influence of gravity.
known as the Newton. A Newton is abbreviated by an "N."
• Any object that is being acted upon only by the force of gravity is
The Newton
said to be in a state of free fall.
Two important motion characteristics that are true of free-falling
objects:
• Free-falling objects do not encounter air resistance.
• All free-falling objects (on Earth) accelerate downwards at a rate of
9.8 m/s².
1 Newton = 1 kg • m/s2
GRAVITATIONAL ACCELERATION
• The force –their weight-causes them to accelerate toward the center
of the earth.
• Gravitational acceleration is positive for downward motion Type of Force
(and Symbol) Description of Force
• While it is negative for an upward motion.
Free falling body
• Is a body moving under the influence of gravity alone. It is the most
common type of uniformly accelerated motion.
• A body dropped from a height starts at zero initial velocity. (Since it
is acted upon by the gravity, its velocity increases by “g”.)
• A body thrown up into the air is given an initial velocity. (It then
travels against the gravity; its speed slows down until it reaches a
maximum height where its velocity is zero. It will then go down,
increasing its velocity at the rate of “g”.
• Formula:
gt = Vf –Vo
Vf = Vo + gt
H = Vo t + gt²
2
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Newton's First Law of Motion
- Law of Inertia
• An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in
motion at constant velocity, unless acted upon by an unbalanced
force.
• Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its velocity:
whether in motion or motionless
• What is this unbalanced force that acts on an object in motion?
➢ There are four main types of friction:
1. Sliding friction: ice skating
2. Rolling friction: bowling
3. Fluid friction (air or liquid): air or water resistance
4. Static friction: initial friction when moving an object
• Because of inertia, objects (including you) resist changes in their
motion. When the car going 80 km/hour is stopped by the brick wall,
your body keeps moving at 80 km/hour
Newton’s Second Law
- Law of Acceleration
• The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force
acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. The direction of
the acceleration is in the direction of the applied net force.

• The net force of an object is equal to the product of its mass and
acceleration, or F=ma.

• Units of m, a and F three system of measurement:

• Conversion Factor:
1 kg= 0.0685 slug
1 lb = 4.45 N
1 N= 0.225 lb
1 slug = 14.6 kg
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• Sir Isaac Newton, the famous English scientist, once said,
“If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.”
• Of course, Newton wasn’t literally standing on the shoulders of
giants. Newton was explaining that his ideas didn’t come from him
alone.
• -He relied on the ideas of those who came before him.
• -When Newton used the word giant, he meant people who were
giants in the scientific community.
• -These were the people who, before him, made big contributions to
our knowledge. Newton, even though he was a genius himself,
knew that he couldn’t have come up with his scientific
breakthroughs on his own.

WEEK 8 - STATICS

EQUILIBRIUM
- An analysis of the forces acting on objects that are at rest or moving
with constant speed in a straight path is called statics. These forces
are considered to be at equilibrium.
- objects at rest are at static equilibrium while objects moving in a
straight path at constant speed are at dynamic equilibrium.
First condition of equilibrium
• Newton’s 2nd Law proves that different masses accelerate to the
- the 1st condition of equilibrium is a special case of newton’s law of
earth at the same rate, but with different forces.
acceleration. ΣF= ma, in which the acceleration of the object is zero.
➢ We know that objects with different masses accelerate to the
Since the acceleration is zero, the resultant of the forces acting on
ground at the same rate.
the object must be zero. A body in this case is in translational
➢ However, because of the 2nd Law we know that they don’t hit
equilibrium, that’s, no net force acts on it. Hence, the first condition
the ground with the same force.
of equilibrium states that
Newton’s Third Law
- if an object is in translational equilibrium, then the resultant of all
-Law of Interaction
forces acting on it must be zero.
• Whenever one body exerts a force (action) on a second body, the - In mathematical form
second body exerts an equal and opposite force (reaction) on the ➢ ΣFx= F1X+F2X+F3X+…+FN=0
first. - An alternate form of this equation is express in terms of the x and y
• -For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. components,
• There are two forces resulting from this interaction - a force on the ➢ ΣFx= F1X+F2X+F3X+…+FNx=0
chair and a force on your body. These two forces are called action ➢ ΣFy= F1y+F2y+F3y+…+Fny=0
and reaction forces.
• Consider the propulsion of a fish through the water. A fish uses its
fins to push water backwards. In turn, the water reacts by pushing
the fish forwards, propelling the fish through the water.
• The size of the force on the water equals the size of the force on
the fish; the direction of the force on the water (backwards) is
opposite the direction of the force on the fish (forwards).
• Flying gracefully through the air, birds depend on Newton’s third law
of motion. As the birds push down on the air with their wings, the air
pushes their wings up and gives them lift.
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WEEK 9 - PROJECTILE CASE 1:
Formula:
◦ Projectile - is an object that moves through space under the influence
of earth’s gravitational force.
◦ Trajectory- path followed by a projectile. it is a parabolic shape.
o Case 1 – half parabola
o Case 2 – full parabola
◦ Projectile motion – is a combination of two motions. horizontal at
constant velocity and the vertical at a constant acceleration
Condition in solving projectile problems:
1. assume that there is no air resistance:
a) no net force along the horizontal motion; Vox = Vfy
b) no acceleration along the horizontal motion
c) only the vertical motion has an acceleration, that’s Voy is not equal
to Vfy. Y

Case 2: The Trajectory is a full parabola

R
2. The value of g with respect to the altitude is constant.

g=gravity: 9.8 m/s2, 980cm/s2, 32 ft/s2

Case 1: The Trajectory is a half parabola.

GEN PHYSICS

PRACTICE
a. A baseball is hit at angle of 65° above the ground with an
initial velocity of 28 ft/s. a. what is the total time of flight?
b. what is the range?
c. what is the maximum height reach?

A.