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This is Chapter 2 the first page

Chapter 2
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Review of Related Literature
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This chapter is organized into three parts, namely:

(1) Unlearning Process, (2) Mathematical Misconceptions,

and (3) Synthesis.

The First Part, Unlearning Process, talks about the

processes of remediation and re-education of mathematical

misconceptions.

The Second Part, Mathematical Misconception, discusses

the different studies concerning mathematical

misconceptions in different academic situations and

conditions.

The Last Part, Synthesis, sums up the literatures

italicized, center
reviewed in this study.

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N.B. Independent variables are
Unlearning Process
first to be reviewed then the
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To neutralize the interference of misconceptions,

instruction should confront students with the disparity

between their misconceptions and the correct concepts. When

the disparity becomes explicit, students will appreciate

the advantages of the expert concepts and give up their

misconceptions (Smith et al., 1994).

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the page numbers at the upper right hand corner

The teacher must begin helping the students recognize

the anomalies between what their theories predict and what

really happens (Mayer 2003).

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Mathematical Misconceptions
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Mathematics teachers may not be aware that many of

their students have misconceptions about mathematics or

‘naive theories’ that can turn them into ineffective

learners. Teachers do not understand that students come in

class with concepts constructed from their everyday

experiences. They personally constructed these concepts so

they can make sense of the world around them, however,

sometimes their construction is incomplete or half-truths.

This is where misconceptions arise.

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Synthesis center
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Tertiary students have to take mathematics included in

their curriculum obligatorily, but in reality many are

struggling to acquire mathematical skills, understand

concepts and to apply what they know to actual problem

solving situation. However, student’s mathematical

understanding have gaps or misconceptions.

N.B. Synthesis must comprise 2 to 3 pages. It is

an integration and conglomeration of the
significant reviews discussed in the body.