COMMUNICATION LESSON 1

PRINCIPLES AND ETHICS

WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
 FORMS OF
COMMUNICATION
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
which includes the use of
language, sounds, and tone
of voice
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
which includes body language
and facial expressions
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
such as through journals,
emails, blogs, and text
messages
VISUAL COMMUNICATION
which involves signs,
symbols, pictures, graphics,
and emojis
 Effective communication is
dependent on how rich those
ideas are, and how much of those
ideas are retained in the process.
In order to be an effective
communicator, a number of skills
have to be utilized.
 Which skill one chooses greatly
varies and is dictated by the
situation, the content or the actual
information a person needs or
wants to convey, and the intended
recipient of that information
AUDIENCE ANALYSIS
 A key element in effective
communication is audience analysis.
“Audience” here does not only refer
to the people listening to you in a
public speech. Rather, it refers to
anyone who is expected to receive
the message you are sending
COMMUNICATION
BARRIERS
PHYSIOLOGICAL ISSUES
CULTURAL DIFFERENCE
LEVELS OF EXPECTATIONS AND EXPERIENCES
COMMUNICATION STYLES
PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
Effective communication requires a
certain level of connection between
and among people, allowing a series
of exchanges of thoughts and
emotions, eventually leading to mutual
understanding. In order for that to
happen, the following principles must
be observed.
 CLARITY
This pertains to both the message and the purpose
why the message has to be sent. The message
should be clear by using appropriate language
and communication channels, but equally important
is that the reason for sending and receiving the
message must be understood by both sender and
receiver.
 CONCISENESS
The message should be as brief as may
be required depending on one’s purpose,
especially in most modern contexts in the
business and academic fields where time is
of the essence. It should be devoid of
trivial details that would hinder
communication.
 COMPLETENESS
Despite its conciseness, the message
should still be complete and accurate.
Whenever necessary, background
information should be given to provide
better context; facts and observations
may also be helpful.
 ORGANIZATION
Effective communication is usually planned
in order to ensure the systematic flow of
ideas and transition from one point to
another. There are instances, however,
when communication is impromptu, but this
should not be an excuse for an organized
presentation of ideas.
 EMPATHY
The sender of the message should be
sensitive to the needs and interests of the
receiver. In case of face-to-face
communication, the speaker must always
be conscious of the reaction of the listener
and adjust his/her communication strategy
accordingly.
 FLEXIBILITY
Different people have different communication
styles, and consequently, different
expectations. Effective communicators know
how to adapt to the varying needs and
expectations of their audience, and modify the
message or the way the message is sent to
avoid misunderstanding or misinterpretation
COMMUNICATION AND
GLOBALIZATION
Communication in the modern world
must be anchored on the concept of
diversity, since effective communication
and the ability to understand cultural
differences are skills that have become
requisites not only for a meaningful
social life but also for a successful
professional career.
digital technology has erased territorial
boundaries among countries and among
people with varying cultures. The notion of
being a ‘stranger’ has been revolutionized
as the people whom we used to treat as
strangers are now our co-workers,
classmates or friends – albeit some only in
social media.
ETHICS IN COMMUNICATION
 or moral philosophy can be
provisionally described as the
empirical study of moral decisions. It
is a discipline concerned with what is
morally good and evil, right and
wrong. The word often refers to any
scheme or philosophy of universal
ideals or beliefs.
 The concept is derived from the Greek
word “ethos” which may mean tradition,
habit, character, or attitude. This is not only
about the nature of specific courses of
action, but it is also about the goodness of
people and what it means to lead a decent
life.
(Leandro, Jr & Gubia-on, 2018)
COMMUNICATION ETHICS
is how a person uses language, media,
journalism, and creates relationships that are
guided by an individual's moral and values.
These ethics consider being aware of the
consequences of behavior and
consequences; it's to “respect other points of
view and tolerate disagreement”
Effective communication is ethical
communication. Communication is ethical
only when it is genuine, open, cooperative
and sensitive to one’s cultural and social
beliefs and practices. If there is an intent
to conceal the truth, or bring damage to
any organization, group or individual
person, communication is considered
unethical.
 Even in situations when there is no
intent to harm, but damage to a
certain group is inevitable
because of the message or the
channel used to relay the
message, it is still considered
unethical.
 1. BE TRUTHFUL AND HONEST
Being honest means communicating what is
known to be true (only 100 percent the facts)
to a listener, with no intent to deceive or
present only parts of the truth. It also means
being as objective as possible, that is, not
tailoring the story based on what the speaker
wants the listener to believe
 2. ACTIVE LISTENING
Hearing someone and listening to them are
two different things. In order for ethical
communication to be effective, it is
necessary for the recipient to pro-actively
listen to the speaker, and to not just hear
what they want to hear, or to hear only
parts of the conversation.
 3. SPEAK NON-JUDGMENTALLY
Ethically and concisely communicating
means speaking in a non-judgmental
manner with every recipient, negating
unnecessary conflict, which typically
creates a breakdown in communication and
causes misunderstandings.
 4. SPEAK FROM YOUR OWN
EXPERIENCE
Bringing your personal experience
into a dialogue with business listeners
is important, providing backup for
your arguments with something more
tangible.
 5. CONSIDER THE RECEIVER’S PREFERRED
COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
You risk losing an audience if you use a
communication channel that is not preferred by
your intended receiver. To effectively
communicate with your listeners, use the most
preferred communication channel, whether that
be face-to-face, email, conference call, phone
call, messenger app, etc.
 6. STRIVE TO UNDERSTAND
While it is important to be proactive in
listening, it is important for listeners to also
strive to fully understand what is being said
before responding. While asking for
clarification or confirmation of a point is fine,
many times questions that listeners pose have
already been answered.
 7. AVOID A NEGATIVE TONE
Ethically communicating assumes the
speaker will avoid rudeness, be polite and
professional, and have tact. The ethical
communicator knows that it’s not only
important what you say, but how you say it.
Tone is one of the most critical facets of
communication.
 8. DO NOT INTERRUPT OTHERS
Allowing others to speak is important for the
creation of a civil, effective working
environment. Interrupting others results in
misunderstandings and unnecessary conflicts
and a breakdown in workplace communications,
which only hinders corporate progress and
creates problems
 9. RESPECT PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY
Most businesses should include a
clause in their code of ethics defining
what is appropriate when it comes to
honoring client and employee
confidentiality and privacy.
 10. ACCEPT RESPONSIBILITY
As noted before, a core tenant within
any ethical communication framework
is taking responsibility for the actions
that result from one’s words, whether
it be good or bad.