Zian Tallongon G9 NARRA 15/09/22

1. What is Classical Arts? (3 pts)

Classical Art encompasses the cultures of Greece and Rome and endures as the
cornerstone of Western civilization. Including innovations in painting, sculpture,
decorative arts, and architecture, Classical Art pursued ideals of beauty, harmony, and
proportion, even as those ideals shifted and changed over the centuries. While often
employed in propagandistic ways, the human figure and the human experience of space
and their relationship with the gods were central to Classical Art.

2. What are the characteristics of Classical Arts? (2 pts)

Classical art is renowned for its harmony, balance and sense of proportion. In its
painting and sculpture, it employs idealized figures and shapes, and treats its
subjects in a non-anecdotal and emotionally neutral manner. Color is always
subordinated to line and composition. It is typically understated - handling is
impersonal to the point of anonymity - and it seeks to achieve a harmonious and
contemplative effect.

A. Egyptian Arts (10 pts)

a. Description
Egyptian art is known for its distinctive figure conventions used for the main figures in
both relief and painting, with parted legs (where not seated) and heads shown as seen
from the side, but the torso seen from the front. It includes paintings, sculptures,
drawings on papyrus, faience, jewelry, ivories, architecture, and other art forms.
Ancient Egyptian art forms are characterized by regularity and detailed depiction of
gods, human beings, heroic battles, and nature. A high proportion of the surviving works
were designed and made to provide peace and assistance to the deceased in the
afterlife.
b. 3 examples of artworks with pictures
Nefertiti Bust
Narmer Palette

Tutankhamun's mask

B. Greek Arts (15 pts)

a. Description
The arts reflect the society that creates them. Nowhere is this truer than in the case
of the ancient Greeks. Through their temples, sculpture, and pottery, the Greeks
incorporated a fundamental principle of their culture: arete. To the Greeks, arete
meant excellence and reaching one's full potential.
Ancient Greek art emphasized the importance and accomplishments of human
beings. Even though much of Greek art was meant to honor the gods, those very
gods were created in the image of humans.

b. What is: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian style?

The Doric order was one of the three orders of ancient Greek and later Roman
architecture. The Doric is most easily recognized by the simple circular capitals at the
top of columns. Originating in the western Doric region of Greece, it is the earliest and,
in its essence, the simplest of the orders, though still with complex details in
the entablature above.
The Greek Doric column was fluted or smooth-surfaced, and had no base, dropping
straight into the stylobate or platform on which the temple or other building stood. The
capital was a simple circular form, with some mouldings, under a square cushion that is
very wide in early versions, but later more restrained. Above a plain architrave, the
complexity comes in the frieze, where the two features originally unique to the Doric,
the triglyph and guttae, are skeuomorphic memories of the beams and retaining pegs of
the wooden constructions that preceded stone Doric temples.

Ionic is one of three column styles builders used in ancient Greece and the Ionic
order is one of five classical orders of architecture. More slender and more ornate
than the masculine Doric style, an Ionic column has scroll-shaped ornaments on the
capital, which sits at the top of the column shaft.
Ionic columns are easy to recognize at first glance in part because of their volutes. A
volute is the distinctive spiral whorl design, like a spiral shell, characteristic of the Ionic
capital. This design feature, stately and ornate as it may be, presented plenty of
problems for early architects.

The Corinthian order is the last developed of the three principal classical

orders of Ancient Greek architecture and Roman architecture. The other two are
the Doric order which was the earliest, followed by the Ionic order. In Ancient Greek
architecture, the Corinthian order follows the Ionic in almost all respects other than the
capitals of the columns.
Proportion is a defining characteristic of the Corinthian order: the "coherent integration
of dimensions and ratios in accordance with the principles of symmetria" are noted by
Mark Wilson Jones, who finds that the ratio of total column height to column-shaft height
is in a 6:5 ratio, so that, secondarily, the full height of column with capital is often a
multiple of 6 Roman feet while the column height itself is a multiple of 5. In its
proportions, the Corinthian column is similar to the Ionic column, though it is more
slender, and stands apart by its distinctive carved capital.
The abacus upon the capital has concave sides to conform to the outscrolling corners of
the capital, and it may have a rosette at the center of each side. Corinthian columns
were erected on the top level of the Roman Colosseum, holding up the least weight,
and also having the slenderest ratio of thickness to height. Their height to width ratio is
about 10:1.

c. 3 examples of artworks with pictures

The Riace bronzes

Goddesses from the east pediment of the Parthenon

Marble metope from the Parthenon

C. Roman Arts (10 pts)

a. Description
The art of Ancient Rome, its Republic and
later Empire includes architecture, painting, sculpture and mosaic work. Luxury objects
in metal-work, gem engraving, ivory carvings, and glass are sometimes considered to
be minor forms of Roman art, although they were not considered as such at the time.
Sculpture was perhaps considered as the highest form of art by Romans, but figure
painting was also highly regarded. A very large body of sculpture has survived from
about the 1st century BC onward, though very little from before, but very little painting
remains, and probably nothing that a contemporary would have considered to be of the
highest quality.
Roman art may be defined as sculptures, paintings, and mosaics which depict not only
mythological and religious themes but also everyday life and people. Art was more
widely produced and more easily available than ever before.
b. 3 examples of artworks with pictures
Fresco Wall from the House of Livia

Altar of the Augustan Peace (Ara Pacis Augustae)

Arch of Constantine