WHY WAS THERE A NEED OF UNITED NATIONS?

• League of Nations was formed in 1920 after WW1

• It failed because:
▪ USA and Russia never joined it.
▪ Member countries did not tolerate criticism and left organization.
▪ No forces to control nations.
▪ Few old European countries held power in it.
▪ It failed to stop WW2.
▪ Dissolved in April 1946.
▪ Replaced by United Nations.
 OBJECTIVES OF UNITED NATIONS

• International Organization founded in 1945 after WWII by 51

countries.
• Now 193 countries are its member.
• Pakistan joined it within one month of its inception in September
1947.

To maintain international peace, security, developing friendly relations

among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards
and human rights.
STRUCTURE OF UNITED NATIONS

▪ All the organs are

located at UN
Headquarters, New
York.
• Only international
Court of Justice is
Headquartered at
Hague,
Netherlands.
Four pillars of united nations

SECURIT
PEACE Y

RULE OF LAW
HUMAN AND
RIGHTS DEVELOPMENT
 ROLE OF UNITED NATIONS GENERAL
ASSEMBLY (UNGA)
• It is the main policy making organ.
• Comprise of all member states.
• A unique forum multilateral discussions and debates.
• Covers international issues.
• Each 193 members has 1 equal vote.
• Key decisions made are:
✔ Appointment of UN Secretary General.
✔ Approving UN budget.
✔ Electing Non-Permanent members of security council.
 ROLE OF UNITED NATIONS SECRETARIAT
• Carryout the decisions made by different organs of UN.
• Organize international conferences.
• To translate speeches.
• To distribute documents into UN official language.
• To keep public informed about the work of UN.
 ROLE OF SECURITY COUNCIL AND POWER OF
• SECURITY COUNCIL ROLE: VETO
Maintenance of International peace and security.
It decides when and where UN Peace operation should be deployed.
 WHAT IS VETO POWER?
• If anyone of the permanent members cast a negative vote in 15 members
security council, then the resolution or decision would not be approved.

EXAMPLE:
KASHMIR ISSUE
VOTE IN FAVOUR: 7
VOTE IN AGAINST: 1
DID NOT CASTE A VOTE: 2 ABSTENTIONS
WHO ARE G8 MEMBERS OF UN
• G8 refers to the group of highly industrialized
nations.
• They gather at an annual meeting to foster
consensus on global issues like:
• Global security
• Economic growth and crisis management
• Energy
• Terrorism
 SPECIALIZED AGENCIES OF UN AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
• Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Headquartered in Rome.
• Functions:
1. Help eliminate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition.
2. To make agriculture and forestry, fisheries more productive and
sustainable.
• International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Headquartered in
Montreal.
• Functions:
1. Encourages the development of airways, airport, air navigation facilities.
2. To ensure safety, regular, efficient and economical air transport globally.
• International Monetary Fund (imf) Headquartered in Washington, DC.
• Functions:
1. Surveillance of economic policies of countries
2. Provide financial assistance.
3. To promote stability of International monetary and financial system.
 SPECIALIZED AGENCIES OF UN AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
• International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD)
Headquartered in Rome.
Functions:
1. To reduce rural poverty.
2. Improve nutrition.
3. Increase food production by providing loans and grants for programs
that boost economic growth.
• International Labour Organization (ILO) Headquartered in Geneva.
Functions:
1. Develop and promote standards for national legislation to protect and
improve working conditions and living standards of labors.
 UN GOODWILL AMBASSADOR ROLE
• What is a role or responsibility of a Goodwill ambassador?
1. They communicate the activities and concerns of UN to help extend its
public outreach.
2. Individuals selected from fields of Arts, Literature, science,
entertainment and sports.
3. They agree to help focus worldwide attention on the work of UN.

• Why there is a need of celebrities or famous personalities to be a Good

will ambassador?
1. They use their fame to draw attention towards important issues.
2. Public gets admired and attracted towards what they endorse easily as
compared to any common man.
Some personalities who have been part of
UN Programs as Goodwill ambassadors.
Lionel Messi: A famous football player. Appointed as goodwill
ambassador of UNICEF since 2010.
He traveled to Haiti with UNICEF to bring awareness to the
struggles the children there were facing in light of the recent
earthquake.
Angelina Jolie: A famous world popular Hollywood actress.
Appointed as goodwill ambassador of UNHCR, UN Refugee
Agency since 2001-2012.
Later she became ambassador for UN Special Envoy
(2012-2022) where she used her popular voice to build
awareness and support for refugees all over the world.
 Some personalities who have been part of
UN Programs as Goodwill ambassadors.
• Priyanka Chopra: A famous Bollywood and Hollywood actress. Appointed
as UN goodwill ambassador for UN Global UNICEF program in 2016.
• Her responsibility includes:
1. recording public service announcements.
2. Participating in media panel discussions promoting child rights and girls
education.
3. She also teamed up for UN Global campaign: Girl Up.
4. It aimed in providing education to all the girls irrespective of where they
live with safety, healthy environment so that they can emerged as next
generation leaders.
Some personalities who have been part of
UN Programs as Goodwill ambassadors.
• BTS a Korean Band: Goodwill ambassador for UNICEF.
They joined hands with UNICEF in 2017 with a collective goal to help
end violence, abuse and bullying, and to promote self-esteem and
well-being among children and young people globally.
Regional Ambassador for Pakistan:
• Faisal Kapadia & Bilal Maqsood of Strings band became the
Goodwill ambassador of UN for the HIV/aids campaign of UNICEF
• Mahira Khan: She has been serving as National Goodwill
Ambassador for UNHCR since November 2019. Her stardom greatly
influences to support social causes and she works for the plight of
1.4 million Afghan refugees in Pakistan.