Social and Environmental

Conflict Resolution
Main economic activities by region
 We had the boom of the
prices of commodities

Self coup d'etat

Toledo’s Administration Garcia’s Administration Humala’s Administ.

 CONGA
TIA MARIA

Garcia’s Administration Humala’s Administration

 SOCIAL CONFLICTS

Were wounded
Were dead

BAGUAZO = 39 Ombudman's Office

Garcia’s Administration Humala’s Administration

Peru
 What is Conflict?
• Conflict is a state of human interaction where
there is disharmony or a perceived
divergence of interests, needs or goals.
• There is a perception that interests, needs or
goals cannot be achieved due to interference
from the other person or people
 What is Conflict?
• Conflict is a form of competitive behaviour
between people or groups. It occurs when two
or more people compete over perceived or
actual incompatible goals or limited resources
 Social Conflict
• “process in which the sectors of society, the
state or the companies perceive that their
objectives, interests, values or needs are
contradictory” (Government of Peru, 2012)
 Conflict Can be Positive
Conflict is often seen as negative. But conflict
can:
• create an opportunity for balancing the
power within a relationship or the wider
society, and the reconciliation of people’s
legitimate interests
• lead to personal, organisational and even
systemic growth and development
 Negative Impacts of Mining
• Forcing people from their homes and land
• Preventing them from accessing clean land and
water
• Impacting on their health and livelihoods
• Causing divisions in communities over who
benefits from the mine and who doesn’t
• Changing the social dynamics of a community
• Exposing them to harassment by mine or
government security
 Assessing a Conflict
• Whether you are preparing to intervene in a
conflict, or whether you are a party to a
conflict, if you want to have an impact on the
conflict you need to make an assessment of
the conflict – and if you are planning a
significant intervention, you need a deeper
understanding of the conflict.
Assessing a Conflict

Profile

Chronology of key events

 Case

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IfA-4JFtSaA
 Assessing social conflict
• Profile: the church used to bell to communicate that
ceremony is going to start. Neighbor around the church
felt that sounds interrupted their calm.
• Cuases: air pollution.
• Actors: neighbors who bother noisy bell sounds,
neighbors who are not impacted by sounds,
municipality, catholic church, media (TV).
• Dynamic: At the begining neighbors present a formal
complaint but the church didn´t respond, the media
was called, the municipalty reacted and fined the
church, the the church and the neigbors reached an
agreement.
 Workshop
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0h8xYm
uDGM
 Dynamics or Stages of Conflict
CRISIS

I
N CONFLICT
DE-ESCALATION
T ESCALATION

E
N
S CONFLICT EMERGENCE
DISPUTE
RESOLUTION
I
T
Y
LATENT CONFLICT RECONCILIATION

TIMELINE
 Stages of Conflict

LATENT CONFLICT
• A period in which the potential for conflict
exists, but it has not yet developed. There are
some isolated conflicts, but there is no a
leader or representative.
CONFLICT EMERGENCE
• A “triggering event” marks the emergence or
the “eruption” phase of the conflict. Here,
there is a representative of community.
 Stages of Conflict

ESCALATION
A conflict moves to a more confrontational or
otherwise “less comfortable” level. There are legal
social movilization without violence.

CRISIS (CLIMAX)
It is a state in which each side matches the other in
violence: a surge of violence on one side, or
exhaustion of strength and resources on both sides.
 Stages of Conflict

DE-ESCALATION
• Parties decide to go forward and initiate a
dialogue.

DISPUTE RESOLUTION
• Negotiation process. Creation of norms and
rule to conduct members´behaviour.
• All members want to reach an agreement.
 Stages of Conflict

RECONCILIATION
• The key to transforming conflict is to build
strong relationships. Trust, legitimacy and
credibility is earned
 Recap Stages of Conflict

CRISIS

I
N CONFLICT
DE-ESCALATION
T ESCALATION

E
N
S CONFLICT EMERGENCE
DISPUTE
RESOLUTION
I
T
Y
LATENT CONFLICT RECONCILIATION

TIME
 Real Case: One conflict
Social Conflict intensity

Crisis

Escalation

Emergence

Latent

Timeline
 Real Case: One conflict
Social Conflict intensity

Crisis

Escalation

Emergence

Latent

Timeline
 Bagua Case study
Groups in other locations joined this strike and On 5 June 2009 at 5:00 am, police forces
Social Conflict intensity towards the end of April 2009 state installations started breaking up the roadblock in
were occupied; and commercial roads and river Bagua, using helicopters, ground troops,
traffic were blocked in various parts of teargas, rubber bullets and live
Crisis Amazonia. ammunition. According to the police, the
protesters started shooting first, but this
The first significant protests against the policies is denied by all other reports. The result
began when some 65 ethnic groups started a of this confrontation was 33 dead, 24 of
Escalation national strike on 9 August 2008 demanding the whom were police, and 170 injured, half
withdrawal of 38 legislative decrees enacted by from bullet wounds
García.
Indigenous organizations
began organized legal
protests against these
Emergence decrees.

AIDESEP (Asociación Interétnica de

Desarrollo de la Selva Peruana), an
association representing Peru’s
Latent indigenous federations, called for
the derogation of decrees 1015 and
1073
García dismissed political
resistance against his plans to Timeline
modernize the economy
August, 2008 April, 2009 June 2009
 Workshop
• Work in groups
• Choose a social conflict
– Considering more than three stakeholders
involved
– Timeline
– Intensity of conflict.