Arts Appreciation

Lesson 1
• The term “ART” comes from the Ancient Latin word “ars” meaning “craft”
or specialized form of skill.
• Art is generally understood as any activity or product done by people
with a communicative or aesthetic purpose.
• Discovered in 1965, the Angono Petroglyphs are believed to be the
oldest known artworks in the Philippines.
• What is the meaning of the petroglyphs of Angono?
The engravings are mostly symbolic representations and are associated with healing
and sympathetic magic. The site is sacred for indigenous Tagalog folk religion and
is believed to be a home for anitos.
• “Ars” in MEDIEVAL LATIN came to mean something different. It meant,
“any special form of book-learning, such as grammar or logic, magic or astrology.”
• Assumption of Art:
1. Art is Universal
Art itself does not choose age or time for it to be made.
For a work to be considered “universal” it will have to become “timeless.”
2. Art is not Nature
Art is made by man, whereas nature is a given around us. Art is made by man and
nature by God.
3. Art involves experience
Art is just experience. By experience, we mean the “actual doing of something”
“Knowing a thing is different from hearing from others what the said thing is.”
• Art Appreciation:
1.As a way of life
it is a way to connect with the world around us and to learn about and appreciate
the beauty in life.
2.Creativity
it is an essential part of the creative process.
3.Product of man’s imagination
4.Art as a expression

Lesson 2
• Ways of expressing oneself through art:
1.Theater - uses live performers to present accounts or imaginary events before a
live audience
Ex. Miss Saigon
2.Applied Arts - incorporating elements of style & design to everyday items with
the aim of increasing their aesthetic value.
Ex. Industrial design, interior design, fashion design, graphic design
3.VISUAL ARTS - appeals to the sense of sight and are mainly visual in nature.
Ex. Paintings, drawings, letterings
4.Performance Art - is a live art and the artist meduim is mainly the human body
w/c he or she uses to perform.
Elements of performance Art:
*Time
*Where the performance took place
*The performer’s body
5.Film - refers to the art of putting together successions of still images in order
to create an illusion of movement.
6.ARCHITECTURE - making of beautiful buildings
Important element: Plan, construction, Design
7.DANCE - series of movements that follows rhythm of the music accompaniment.
8.LITERARY ART - it focuses on writing using a unique style following a specific
format or norm.
Ex. Romeo and Juliet
9.POETRY Performance - artist expreses his emotions through words.
Lesson 3
• Function of Arts:
1.Personal function
- functions depends on the artist who created it.
2.Social function
- it addresses a particular collective interest.
3.Physical function
- found in artworks that are crafted in order to serve some physical purpose
4.Other functions: Music, sculpture, architecture
• Philosophical perspective on Art:
1.Imitation (Plato “The Republic” )
2.Representation (Aristotle)
3.Disinterested Judgement (Immanuel Kant “Critique of Judgement)
4.Communication of emotion (Leo Tolsloy)

Lesson 4
• Subjectivity in art is the word we use to explain how individual people
can respond to a work of art in different ways.
• 3 components of Arts:
Subject - What
Content - Why
Form - How
• TYPES OF SUBJECT:
1.Representational art - figurative art
*Easier to infer the subject matter.
2.Non-representational art
*Art forms do not make a reference to the real world
*High level of perspectiveness and insight might be required.
3.Abstract art
• Sources of Subject
1.Nature
2.History
3.Greek & Roman mythology
4.Judeo-Christian tradition
5.Sacred oriental texts
• Kinds of Subject
1.History 7.Seascape
2.Still life 8.Cityscape
3.Animals 10.Mythology
4.Figures 11.Myth
5.Nature 12.Dreams
6.Lanscape 13.Fantasies
• Die Ebene von Auvers
Vincent van Gogh (1890)
• A Cockchafer, Beetle, Woodlice & other Insect
Jan van Kessel (1960)
• Fruity Pickers under the Mango Tree
Fernando Amorsolo (1937)
• Young Women in the Ricefield
Fabian dela Rosa (1902)
• Discobolus
Myron (Roman, 2nd century AD)
• Sistine Chapel
Michaelangelo (1508-1512)
• El Tres de Mayo
Francisco de Goya (1814)
• Spoliarium
Juan Luna (1884)
 • Creation of Adam
Michaelangelo (1814)
• Content of art levels of meaning:
1.Factual meaning
*Most rudimentary level of meaning
2.Conventional meaning
*Pertains to the acknowledged interpretation of art
3.Subjective meaning
*Stem from the viewer’s or audience’s circumstances

Lesson 5
• Museum - packed with numerous artifacts and interesting objects from
all over the world.
• Guilds - a type of social fellowship, an association structured with
rules, customs, rights, and responsibilities.
• Master artisan or craftsman - open to hiring apprentices who would be
under his tutelage and instruction.
• Albrecht Durer - (Born in 1471) His biggest credits is dedication and
interest in scholarship.
• Project Kisame - a collective endeavor among enthusiasts and advocates
who aimed to promote this art form through documentation.
• The Church of Most Holy Trinity in Loay Bohol
Example of Spanish architecture that has been documented.
• Middle Ages upto Renaissance period
Evolution of the pivotal role of the artist in the arts started.
• Most pivotal development:
1.Transformation of craftsman to an artist
2.Widespread patronization of secular art
3.Assertion of cognition, the will & individuality
• Artist’s Studio by James Abbott & Mcniell Whistler
Artist studio- place of interest
• Work stations were segmented into 2:
1.Studiolo
2.Bottega
• Art World - sophisticated network of relationships and exhanges.
• Art Basel in Hongkong - an example of multi-level platform where
different players can engage, interact, and flex their art muscles.
• In Howard S. Becker's Art Worlds (1982),he asserted that "all artistic
work, like all human activity, involvesthe joint activity of a number, often a
large number,of people
• administrative or managerial roles- both of which can exist either
institutional or non-institutional scenario.
• A curator, on the other hand, is one of the most elusive of roles to
pin down.
• Buyers are those who initially assess and survey the art work that
collectors are intersted in.
• Formerly ascribed with the term "patron," buyers and collectors are
those who acquire and purchase artworks for a variety of reasons: for the
appreciation and enjoyment of art.
• Stable artist- requires assistance of an artist manager
• Art dealers- direct hand
• Production process
1.Preproduction- explore to get the idea
2.Production- gathering & sourcing the materials
3.Postproduction- most drown-out
• Meduim- directly correlates with its composition
• Technique- the reason why art history is described by seemingly
limitless of works of art.
• The Evolving Role of Exhibition and Impact on Art and Culture by Anna
Cline
“Exhibition are the catalyst of art and ideas to the public.”
• What makes a great Exhibition? by Paula Marincola
“Exhibitions are strategically located at the nexus where artist, their work, the
institution and many different public intersects.”
• 2 Major Awards given to artist:
1.Order of National Artist- highest nat’l recognition
Fernando Amorsolo- 1st recipient of this award
“Grand old man of Philippine Art”
2.National Living Treasures Award- RA No. 7355
First conferred to: Ginaw Bilog, Magsino Intaray, Samaon Sulaiman
• Honors & prevages of National Artist:
1.Rank & Title
2.Medalion or insignia
3.Cash awards & host of benefits
4.State of feneral & burial at Libingan ng mga Bayani
5.Place of honor
• Artist Categories:
1.Folk 6.Performing art
2.Architecture 7.Literature
3.Maritime transport 8.Graphic & plastic
4.Weaving 9.Ornament
5.Carving 10.Pottery

Lesson 6 Elements of Art: Visual

• Line- a point moving at an Identifiable path. It has length and
direction
• Keith Haring- 1st executed the public mural “Together We can stop
Aids.”
• Horizontal Lines- are normally associated with rest or calm.
• Vertical Lines- connote elevation or height, which is usually taken to
mean exaltation or aspiration for action.
• Diagonal Lines- convey movement and instability.
• Crooked or Jagged Lines- reminiscent of violence, conflict, or
struggle.
• CURVED LINES- These are lines that bend or coil. They allude to
softness, grace, flexibility, or even sensuality.
• Francisco de Goya- Spanish artist known for his prints, he is a master
of etched works and use of aquatint.
• Shape refers to two dimensions: height and width
• Form refers to three dimensions: height, width, and depth.
• GEOMETRIC- These shapes find origin in mathematical propositions.
• Organic shapes- are those readily occurring in nature, often irregular
and asymmetrical.
• SPACE- Related to shape and form is space. It is usually inferred from
a sense of depth, whether it is real or simulated. Real space is three-dimensional.
• POSITIVE & NEGATIVE SPACE– usually identified with the white space is
the space where shadow is heavily used.
• THREE-DIMENTIONAL SPACE– can be simulated through a variety of
techniques such as shading.
• COLOR- is perhaps one of the elements that enhances the appeal of an
artwork.
• Hue- this dimension of color gives its name.
• Value- this refers to the brightness or darkness of color.
• Intensity- this is the color's brightness or dullness.
• Monochromatic harmonies– use the variations of a hue. An example is
Claud Monet's "Houses of Parliament.”
• Complementary harmonies – involve two colors opposite each other in the
color wheel.
 • Analogous harmonies– make use of two colors beside each other in the
color wheel.
• Triadic harmonies- which make use of three colors from equidistant
sites within the color wheel.
• TEXTURE- This element in an artwork is experienced through the sense of
touch.
• Surface texture- refers to the texture of the three- dimensional art
object.
• Picture plane- is the actual surface of the painting or drawing where
no illusion of a third dimension exists.
• During the Renaissance, specifically in the fifteenth century,
chiaroscuro was developed.
• Element of Art: Auditory
Together with literature, music as an art form is classified as auditory art.
• Music is sound organized in a specific time.
• Common elements of music are the following: rhythm, dynamics, melody,
harmony, timbre and texture.
• Often associated to the terms beat, meter and tempo, rhythm is the
element of music that situates it in time.
• Classical terms are used to refer to the variations in tempo, some of
which are:
❖Largo – slowly and broadly
❖ Andante – walking pace
❖ Moderato – at moderate speed
❖ Allegro – fast
❖ Vivace – Iively
❖ Accelerando – gradually speeding up
❖ Rallentado – gradually slowing down
❖ Allargando – getting slower, broadening
❖ Rubato – literally “robbed time,” rhythm
is played freely for expressive effect
• Dynamics- The element of music that refers to the loudness or quietness
of music.
• Classical terms are used to refer to the different levels pertaining to
this:
❖ Pianissimo [pp] – very quiet
❖ Piano [p] – quiet
❖ Mezzo-piano [mp] – moderately quiet
❖ Mezzo-forte [mf] – moderately loud
❖ Forte [f] – loud
❖ Fortissimo [ff] – very loud
• Melody refers to the linear presentation of pitch.
• Pitch is the highness or lowness of musical sound.
• Harmony can be described in terms of its harshness. Dissonance is the
harsh-sounding combination while consonance is the smooth-sounding combination.
• Timbre- It is a quality that distinguishes a voice or an instrument
from another.
• Texture of music- The number of melodies, the type of layers, and their
relatedness in a composition.
It may be:
❖Monophonic
❖ Homophonic

Principles of Art
• BALANCE- This principle refers to the distribution of the visual
elements in view of their placement in relation to each other.
• 3 forms of Balance:
1.Symmetrical
2.Assymetrical
3.Radial
• Scale- pertains to the size in relation to what is normal for the
figure or object in question.
• Proportion- is the size of the components, or of objects in relation to
one another when taken as a composition or a unit.
• Emphasis allows the attention of the viewer to a focal point(s),
accentuating or drawing attention to these elements or objects.
• Contrast is the disparity between the elements that figure into the
composition.
• Unity- compositions are intended to imbue a sense of accord or
completeness from the artwork.
• Variety- is the principle that aims to retain the interest by allowing
patches or areas that both excite and allow the eye to rest.
• Harmony- in which the elements or objects achieve a sense of flow and
interconnectedness.
• MOVEMENT- This refers to the direction of the viewing eye as it goes
through the artwork
• RHYTHM- This is created when an element is repeated, creating implied
movement.
• Repetition- Lines, shapes, colors, and other elements may appear in an
artwork in a recurring manner.
• In addition, the image created out of is called pattern.
• Some examples of combined arts include:
installation art, film, video art, dance, documentary, photography, puppetry,
theater, and other forms of production.
• Improvisation is often tapped in addition to practical and logical
considerations of creating an artwork.
• Hybrid Arts- movement that is reminiscent of the motivations of the
Renaissance, and whose emergence is hinged on the frontiers of science and
technology.