STD X - GEOGRAPHY

CHAPTER -22 & 23 – WASTE - 1+2

Syllabus:
Need for waste management.
Method of safe disposal – Segregation, Dumping & Composting
Need and methods for reducing, reusing and recycling

1. Meaning of Waste Management: It is the collection, transportation, processing or disposal, managing and monitoring
waste materials.

2. Need for Waste Management:

(i) Rapid increase in population: Due to human activities a lot of waste is produced which damages our
environment by air pollution, degradation of soils and contamination of water sources such as rivers, lakes,
etc.
(ii) Various diseases spread on an epidemic scale due to waste accumulation on land and water bodies. Flies,
mosquitoes, rodents and pet animals transmit these diseases.
3. Methods of Safe disposal of waste:

a) Segregation: Segregation of waste means dividing the waste into different categories like dry and wet
waste or biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste. According to the category the waste is reused
and recycled or disposed of.
b) Dumping: Waste materials are dumped in open lands far away from the city. It is the cheapest method
and does not need much planning, but it is not environmental friendly.
c) Composting: Composting of waste is an aerobic (in the presence of air) method of decomposing solid
wastes. The organic wastes from household are made to undergo decomposition in such a way that
bacteria and other micro-organisms break them down and produce a safe, clean and soil-like material
called compost.

4. Need and Methods for reducing, reusing & recycling waste.

Waste can be effectively managed by using the three R’s of waste management, which are Reduction, Reuse and
Recycle.

1) (b) Reduction – Reduce waste by reducing consumption. We must reduce our use of resources. Buy
only what is needed. The more we buy new good, the more they are produced.

• We must reduce the use °of plastics. We can use paper or cloth bags in place of plastic bags.
• Use of fossil fuels should be reduced. Instead new sources of energy like solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy
should be used.
2) Recycle: The reprocessing of waste products for reuse is called recycling. It means converting a product which
is not useful into another useful product.
• Materials such as metals, paper, synthetics, glass and plastics from industrial wastes can be recycled. Example –
recycled paper can be used to make cardboard.

[Date] 1
Hasmita Shah, B/203, Gokul Divine, Off S.V.Road, Irla, VIle Parle (West), Mumbai 400056. Mob:9699926941
 STD X - GEOGRAPHY

• In India, we have tonnes of Bagasse from sugarcane industry during a particular season. is used to manufacture
paper pulp, cardboard, etc.
3) Reuse. Use the same product several times. In developing countries like India, some of the waste materials like
old glass bottles, steel tyres, tin cans are reused
• Soft drinks sold in glass bottles are a better option than tetra packs and metals. The glass bottles can be reused.
• Lamps are made from tin cans

[Date] 2
Hasmita Shah, B/203, Gokul Divine, Off S.V.Road, Irla, VIle Parle (West), Mumbai 400056. Mob:9699926941