Cod Pair of Straight Lines 1 Gi) reciprocals of the gradients of the lines ax + Ixy + by*=0is bx*+ Uy + ay 4, The equation to the pair of lines through the origin and perpendicular to the pair of lines ax? + Uixy + by? = 0 is bx? — 2iny + ay? = 0. [MPPET-1989] NOTE If straight lines represented by ax? + 2hxy + by?=0 by y = m,x and y = m,x then straight lines repre- sented by: (i) ae—2hxy + by*=0 are y =—m,x,y (ii) bx? + hy + ay? = 0 are my = x and my (ii) bx? — 2hxy + ay* = 0 are my + x = 0 and my +x=0 mx 5. If y = mex be one of the lines represented by ax'+ 2hxy + by?= 0 thena+2hm + bm?=Oie., (Slopes of the both lines represented by ax? + 2hxy + by = 0 are the roots of the equation a+ 2hm + bm?=0) 6. The equation to the pair of lines through (x,,y,) and (@ Parallel to the pair of lines ax? + 2hxy + by? =0 is a(x — x, + 2h(x—x,) @—y,) + by -y, (ii) Perpendicular to the pair of lines ax? + ney + by? = 0 is bee — x, — 2htx — x,) O-y) Fay—yF=0 7. The condition that the slope of one of the lines represented by ax? + 2hxy + by*=0 (i) be 2 times the slope of the other is ab (+2 = 4h. (i) be square of the slope of the other is, ab(a + b)~ 6abh + 8h’ = 0 NOTE If ratio of the slopes of the lines represented by a+ 2hney + by*= Oem :n then required condition is: (m + ny ab = 4mnh?. 8 If the separate equations of the pair of lines ax?+ Qhey + by?=O are Lx + m,y=0, Lx + my =Othen /, =a, lym, +1,m,= 2h, and mm, =b 9. Equation of the pair of straight lines through the origin each of two straight lines through the origin G@ ata distance a from the point (x,, y,) (ii) making angle a with the straight line y =x. x? + y?— 2xy sec 2a =0 10, An angle 0 between the pair of lines ax? + ath (aby +4h7 2ViP ab | ging =—2NM = ab _ ath ’ (a-b)? + 4h? [RPET-1995] 11. If A? = ab then the two lines given by ax? + 2hyy + by? =O are coincident and ax? + Zhxy + by? +0 isa perfect square. 11.1 Ifa + 6=0, the two lines will be perpendicular. 12, The equation of the pair of bisectors of angles between the pair lines ax? + Inxy + by* = 0 is x hy + by*=Visgivenby cos or tan! a-b oh Y)=(a- by 13. The y = mx bisects the angle between the lines ax? + hey + by? = 0 if h(n? — 1) + m(a—b) =0. 14. The lines bisecting the angle between the bisee- tors of the angles between the lines ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0 are given by (a ~b) (x? y*) + 4hy = 0. Equation of bisector of bisector) If pair of lines (a ~ b) (x ~ y*) + 4ingy = 0 and ax? + 2hey + by*= 0 be identical or same then a+b=0. 141 Some miscellaneous results 15, The area of the triangle formed by ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0 and Ix + my + n = 0 is given by Vie = ab lam? —2hlm + bP? 16. The orthocentre of the triangle formed by the lines ax? + 2hxy + by=0 and e+ my +n=0 is (A, km) =n(a+b) ant —2him+ bP 17. Triangle enclosed by the pair of straight lines ax?+ Uixy + by*= 0 and x + my += 0 be where A= NOTE Ifa + b=0 then area of the right angled isosceles triangle is =——_ gle is18. The equation of the pair of lines through 0(0, 0) and forming an equilateral triangle with the line fx + my + n= 0 is (F—3m?)x? + Imxy + (m?—3P)y?= 0 (i) and area of the equi- —_" V3(P +m’) lateral triangle then enclosed is (le + my)? 3 (lyme? = 0 SOLVED SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS (XI-XI1 BOARD (C. Pair of Straight Lines 1 €.5 NOTE Combined equation of pair of straight line (i) can also be written as follows 19, The product of the perpendiculars from a point P(x,,¥,)t0 the pair of lines ax? + 2hxy + by? = FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING AND CONCEPT BUILDING OF THE TOPIC 1. Find the area of the triangle, equation of whose sides are given by y*— Sxy + 18x*= 0 and y = 9. Solution 2 9xy + 18x7=0 > yh 3xy— 6xy + 18°= 0 => yyr—3x)- 6x (y—3x)=0 > 0-3 0-6r y-3x=Oandy—6r=0 AG,9) XV B(O, 0) .C(3/2, 9) Xy Va Ks Now, equation of sides of triangle are y-3x=0 (1) > AB y-6r=0 (2) BC and y= 9 @G)>CA Solving equations (1) and (2) the vertex B is (0,0) Solving equations (2) and (3) the vertex C is 3/2, 9) Solving equations (1) and (3) the vertex A is G9) AIM ABC] =4 (0p, x7) + (oy, —y9 + Gyo (3x0) - (0x9) + (0x9) — 1 =51(3 3 2 (F0}¢(po oo ={[o-o+0-0422-27] 2 2 -i[E-apr -2/2 | 2,2 2,2 => A[A ABC] 2 Area cannot be -ve, A[A ABC] = 2 square units, 2. Find the combined equation of straight lines which pass through (1, 2) and perpendicular to the line 3x? ~ Sry + 5y? = 0. Solution Given equation is 3x°— &xy + 5y*=0 2 3x°—Sxy—3ay + 5y°=0 => x(3x—Sy)—yGx- Sy) =0 > Gr-Sy)&-y)=0 Equation of lines are: 3x — 5) = a and Q) Let perpendicular lines on equations (1) and (2) be respectively Sx + 3y =’, and x + y= If these lines pass through (1, 2), then . 54+3%2=2,and 1+2=2, 3 Equation of required lines are: Sx+3y=Ilandx +y=3 => k= land Their combined equation is (Sx+3y— 1) @ + y-3)=0 => Sx?+ Sxy— 15x + Bay + 3p? 9y— Lx — Hy +33 => Sx? + Sxy + 3y2— 26x — 20 +33 =0.C.6 Pair of Straight Lines 1 3. Show that the lines x? + 4xy + y?=0 and x—y = 0 form an equilateral triangle. Solution Angle between the two lines x* + 4xy + y’ Ois = O=tan-!| 2 ab a+b ow (AG ] 141 = tan Y3 = 60° Again, 2 + dxy +5 («+2y' -(3yy' =0 (x+2y + V3y)(r42y-V3y) =0 [x+2+V3)y][x+(2-3)y]=0 Equation of the lines represented by x4 dxy + =O are x+(2+3)y= dd) and x+4(2-\3)y=0 @ Now, angle between the line x—y = 4 and line is uoubuuyL Similarly, angle between the line x—y = 4 and line (2) is 60° ie., angle between the lines taking any two of the given three lines be 60°. Thus, the triangle formed by these lines is an equilateral triangle. Proved. 4. Prove that the equation of the straight line passing through the origin and making an angle 6 with the line y + x= 0 is x2 + 2xy see 0+y=0. Solution Equation of a line passing through origin is yame da) If this line makes an angle 0 with the line y +x=0, then tand= + I+mm, => tan@= (m+) (-m) => (1-m) tan? 0 =(m +1)? => tan? 0 + m? tan? @— 2m tan? 6 — m?— 1 — 2m=0 => (tan? 0 1) ~ 2m (1+ tan? 0) + m? (tan? 6-1)=0 l+tan?0 12m FBO sm? =0 ean =r > > = {from equation (1)} => x24 2xy sec 20 + Proved. 5. Prove that the lines 12x? + Txy— 12y?= 0 and 12x? + Txy— 12y?— x + Ty — 1=0 are sides of a square, Solution Given lines are 12x? + Txy—12"7= 0. (1) and 12x? + Tay —12y?—x + Ty-1= 0...) From equation (1), 12x? + Tay — 12y*= 0 => 12x? 9xy + I6xy— 127 =0 => 3x(4x—3y) + 4y(4x—3y) = 0 = (4x~3y) Gxt 4y)=0Lines denoted by equation (1) are 4x —3y =O and 3x + 4y=0 Let the lines denoted by equation (2) be 3x4 4y + 1=O and 4x 3y + m=0 12x? + Tay — 12y*—x + Ty — 1 = Gx + 4y 4+ D (4x —3y + m) = 12x + Txy — 1257 + (Al+ 3m) x+ (31+ 4m) y + Im Comparing the coefficient of x and y and con- stant terms, Solving them, we have 1=-1,m=1 Therefore, lines denoted by equation (2) are 3x + 4y—1 =O and 4x —3y + 1=0 Thus, sides of the square are 4x—3y=0 @) 3x + 4y—1=0 @ 4x—3y+1= © and 3x+4y=0 © Obviously, opposite sides are equations (3), (5) and equations (4), (6) are parallel and Pair of Straight Lines 1 €.7 any pair of adjacent sides are perpendicular This, the lines are side of a square. 6. Show that the pair of lines 2x? + 6xy + equally inclined to the pair of lines 4x?+ 18xy + 0. Solution Equation of bisectors of the angle between the lines represented by 2x? + 6xy + y?= 0 be x-y oy 2-13 = 36° y > 3Y-xy-3'=0 Again, equation of bisectors of the angle between the lines represented by 4x? + 18xy + =0be = 4 > 3x —3=0 Since the lines (1) and (2) are same, there- fore angle between the lines is equal to the other pair of lines. UNSOLVED SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS (XI-XII BOARD (C.B.S.E./STATE)): TO GRASP THE TOPIC SOLVE THESE PROBLEMS GQ EXERCISE 1 Find the straight lines given by the equations @ 2-3x+2=0 (ii) x° + 2xy cosec 8 + y°=0 Find the angle between the pair of straight lines represented by @ e+ -2)xy-2y*=0 Gi) 4x? = 24xy + 11. Find the equation of the bisectors of the angle between each of the following pairs of lines @ -10xy-y?=0 Gi) 2xy sec 8 +7 =0 If 4ab = 34? then find the ratio of the gradients of the lines denoted by ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0. 5. If angle between the lines denoted by y* + day. — tan 0 = 0 is 26, then find the value of 2. 6. Show that the lines represented by 3x*— 4xy + 5y? = 0 are perpendicular to the lines given by Sx? + 4xy + 3y7=0. 7. One of the bisector of the angle between the lines denoted by x? + 2hxy — 2y? = 0 is x — 2y = 0, then find the value of h. 8 Find the difference of gradient of lines denoted by x7(sec?@ — sin*@) — 2xy tan 6 + y* sin?@ = 0 @ EXERCISE2 1. If (@ + 3b) (3a + b) = 4h?, then find the angle between the lines ax? + 2nxy + by? = 0.C.8 Pair of Straight Lines 1 2. Find the combined equation represented by | 4. the following equations @ x=Oandy=0 Gi) x—4=0andy—3=0 3. If the ratio of the gradient of the lines ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0 is 1 : 3, then prove that w4 6 ANSWERS EXERCISE 1 1. @x=1andx=2 Ge Gi) x sin 6 + y (1 + cos 6) 41:3 =0 5.0 2 (90° 7.2 Gi) tan (4/3) 82 3. (i) Sx? + ay ~ 59’ Show that the angle between the lines 3x° — 4xy + 5y=0 is equal to the angle between the line 5x? + dxy + 3y* = 0. 5. Find the area of the triangle formed by the lines x? — 4y* = 0 and x = k. . If sum of the gradients of the lines denoted by x°— 2xy tan A —y*is 4, then find ZA EXERCISE 2 1. 0= 60° 2 @xy=0 (ii) xy 3x 4y + 120 se 2 6. tan! (-2) SOLVED OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS: HELPING HAND: 1. If the pair of lines ax? + 2(a + b) xy + by? = 0 lie along diameters of a circle and divide the circle into four sectors such that the rea of one of the sectors is thrice the area of another sector, then [AIEEE-2005] (@) 3a + 2ab + 36*=0 (b) 3a? + 10ab +3 (©) 3a?—2ab +31 @ 3a? 10ab + 3 Solution (a) Let AOB and COD be two given diameter lines which divide the circle into four sectors such that Area AOD = 3 Area BOD (given) u 2 BOD = 4 Angle between the pair of given lines = 4 tan = 2a)? = ab 4 a+b 2Na? +b? +ab atb u => I= => 3a°+3b?+2ab=0, The locus of the point P(x, y) satisfying the relation (x-3) + (y+ (x43) +(y- I)? =6 is [Orissa JEE-2002] (@) Straight line (b) Pair of straight lines © Circle (d) EllipseSolution (0) e-3)? + (y=? + 4 3) +=) (x-3) +(y-? =6- (x43 +(V-1? Squaring both sides. We get, 12x +36 = 124 (x43) +(y-1)* Again squaring we get the given equation is pair of straight lines. 3. The image of the pair of lines represented by ax? + xy + by? =0 by the line mirror y= 0 is (@) ax? — 2hxy — by*= 0 (@ Let y = m,x and y = m,x be the lines rep- resented by ax? + 2ixy + by? = 0. Then their images in y = 0 are y=—m,x and y=—m.,xand so their combined equation is y?-+ mmx? + xym,+ m,) = 0 or Pegero(-Bao 2h “om, +m, =-—=, mm, or ax? 2hxy + by’ 4, If x2 - 2pay - y* = 0 and x - gry - y? = 0 bisect angles between each other, then [CEE (Dethi)-1999; AIEEE-2003] (0) pg= 1 0 @ p+pq+@=0 0 @p+q © pat Solution (©) The equation of the bisectors of the anlges between the lines x*- 2pxy —y*= 0 is Bory I-G) =p eoy = 2 P => pri + Qny—py?=0 This must be same as x? - 2gxy -y?= 0 a The pair of lines J3x?-4xy+3y? =0 are rotated about the origin by 1/6 in anti-clockwise sense. The equation of the pair in the new posi- tion is: Pair of Straight Lines 1.9 () # -yBry =0 (d) None of these Solution (@) Wehave, ¥3x? -4xy + v3y* = (v3x-y(r-v3y) =0 = \Bx-y=0,x-V3y=0 => yav5x, B ‘These lines makes 60° and 90° angles respec- tively with x-axis. If they are rotated about the origin by 1/6 ie., 30° in anti-clockwise direction, then they make 90° and 60° an- gles respectively with x-axis. So, their equa- tions in new position are x = 0 and_y = V3x. The combined equation of these two lines is x(3x-y)=0 or ¥3x?-xy=0 6. The pair of lines represented by 3ax* + Sxy + (a? ~ Dy? = 0 are perpendicular to each other for (a) Two values of a © one value of a Solution (b) all values of (@) no value of a (@) We have, 3ax? + Sxy + (a? 2y?=0 This will represent a pair of perpendicular lines, if Coeff. of x° + Coeff. of y= 0 > 3a+a?-2=0 -34Vi7 2 Hence, there are two values of a. > 7. If the slope of one line of the pair of lines rep- resented by ax? + dxy + y?= 0 is three times the slope of the other, then a is equal to @1 (b) 2 ©3 @4 Solution (© Let mat 3m be the slope of the lines repre sented by the equation ax? + 4xy + y*=0. Then, m+ 3m=—4 and mx 3m=a€.10 Pair of Straight Lines 1 OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS: IMPORTANT QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS ‘A second degree homogenous equation in x and y always represents (@) A pair of straight lines (b) Acirele (©) Aconie section (@) None of these ‘The nature of straight lines represented by the equation 4x? + 12xy + 9y" = 0 is IMP PET-1988] (a) Real and coincident (b) Real and different (c) Imaginary and different (@) None of these If one of the lines represented by the equation ax? + 2hxy + by* = 0 be y= mx, then [UPSEAT-1999] (a) bm? + 2hm + (b) bm? + 2hm —a (©) am? + 2hm + (@) bm? —2hm + The equation of the lines passing through the origin and having slopes 3 and -1/3 is The equation of the lines represented by the equation x*— Say + 6)? (a) y+ 2x () y-2x=0,y—3 © yt2x=0,y+3x=0 (@) None of these The equation of one of the line represented by the equation x° + 2xy cot 0 -y*= 0, is (@) x-ycot 0=0 (b) x +ytan (©) xsin6 + (cos 6 +1 @ xc0s 6 + (sin 0+ 1)= The pair of straight lines passes through the point (1, 2) and perpendicular to the pair of straight lines 3x? ~ 8xy + Sy* = 0, is (a) (x+3y+ ll) +y+3)=0 (b) Gr+3y-11) & +y-3)=0 (© Gxt5y-1@ ty +3)=0 @ Gr-Syt I) +y-3)=0 8. If the ratio of gradients of the lines represented by ax? + 2hxy + by? =Oiis 1 : 3, then the value of the ratio h? : ab is IMP PET-1998] @ 1/3 (b) 3/4 © 4/3 @1 9. Difference of slopes of the lines represented by equation x"(sec? 6 — sin® ) — 2xy tan 0 + y* sin? 0 = 0 is [Kurukshetra CEE-2002] @ 4 (b) 3 ©2 (@) None of these 10. If one of the lines given by 6x*—xy + dey? = 0 is 3x + 4y =0, then c equals [AIEEE-2004] @3 (b) -1 ©3 @ 11. If the sum of the slopes of the lines given by x 2exy ~ 7)" = 0 is four times their product, then c has the value [AIEEE-2004] (a) -2 @)-1 @2 @1 12. Angles made by the lines represented by the equation xy + y= 0 with y-axis are (@) 0° and 90° (b) 0° and 30° (©) 30° and 60° (d) 30° and 90° 13. If the lines represented by the equation 2x? — 3xy + y= 0 make angles a and B with x-axis, then cot? a + cot? f is equal to (@o (b) 3/2, © 74 @ 5/4 14, Which of the equation represents the pair of perpendicular straight lines (@) ¥ tay ) Pay t ©xvtyty=0 @xetw-2=0 15. If the angle 20 is acute, then the acute angle between x (cos @ —sin 6) + 2xy cos 8 + 3? (cos 6 + sin 0)=Ois [EAMCET-2002] (@ 2 (b) 03 eo @ 02 16. The lines x ~ 2y = 0 will be a bisector of the angle between the lines represented by the equation x — 2hxy ~ 2y* = 0, if h is equal to (@ 12 (b) 2 ©2 @ -1217. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. If the bisectors of the angles between the pairs of lines given by the equation ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0 and ax? + hey + by? + Ma? + y2) = 0 be coincident then 2. is equal to @a (b) Oh (d) any real number The combined equation of the bisectors of the angle between the lines represented by (2 +y)v3 =4xy is IMP PET-1992] (@) ¥-¥ (b) xy =0 @ ety= If the equation ax? + 2hxy + by* = 0 has the one line as the bisector of angle between the coordinate axes, then [Bihar CEE-1990] @) (@—by © @-by The equation of the pair of straight lines, each of which makes an angle a with the line y = x is IMP PET-1990] (a) x + 2xy seo 2a + y* (b) x° + 2xy cosee 2a + (©) x= 2xy cosee 2a + (@ x= 2ay see 2a + y P b) @+ by @) (a+ by 0 ‘The figure formed by the lines x* + 4xy + y= O and x—y=4,is [Roorkee 1980] (@) A right angled triangle (b) An isosceles triangle (©) An equilateral triangle (d) None of these Locus of the points equidistant from, the lines represented by x? cos 70 — xy sin 2 0 — y* sin? = 0 is (a) P+)? + 2xy sec 28 (b) + + 2xy cose 20=0 (©) 8 —y? + 2xy sec 2 @ xy? + 2xy cose 2 The equation x*— 7xy + 12y? = 0 represents [BIT Ranchi-1991] (@) Circle (b) Pair of parallel straight lines 24, 26. 21. 28. 29, Pair of Straight Lines 1 €.11 (©) Pair of perpendicular straight lines (@ Pair of non-perpendicular intersecting straight lines ‘The equation x? + ky? + 4xy= 0 represents two coincident lines, if k is equla to IMP PET-1995] (@) 0 1 ©4 @ 16 . If the bisectors of the angles of the lines rep- resented by 3x?— 4xy + Sy? = 0 and 5x? + 4xy +3y=0 are same, then the angle made by the lines respresented by first with the second, is (a) 30° (b) 60° (©) 45° (d) 90° If the bisectors of angles represented by ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0 and a'x? + 2h'xy + b'y? = 0 are same, then (@) (@-b)h=(a'— bh (b) (@—b)h=(@'— by ht © @+b)h'=(a'—byh @ @-bW =a tbh ‘Area of the triangle formed by the lines y* — Sxy + 18x? = O and y= (a) 27/4 sq. units (b) 27 sq. units (©) 27/2 sq. units @ None of these The angle between the pair of straight lines y* sin? 0 — xy sin? 0 + x'(cos? 0-1) = I, is [MNR-1985; UPSEAT-2000; Kerala (Engg.)-2005] (b) w/4 (d) None of these (a) w/3 (©) 20/3 Apair of 1 straight lines is drawn through the origin and forming with the line 2x + 3y = 6 an isosceles A right angled at the origin. Find the ‘equation of the pair of straight lines and area of the A (@) 5x? 24xy ~ Sy? = 0, 36/13 sq. unit (b) 5x2 + 24xy — 5y* = 0, 36/13 sq, unit (©) 5x*— 24xy — 6y* = 0, 36/12 sq. unit (@) 5x? 24xy — 5y* = 0, 35/13 sq. unit€.12 Pair of Straight Lines 1 n SOLUTIONS (a) A second degree homogeneous equation in x and y always represents a pair of straight lines passing through origin But general equation of pair of straight lines, circle and conies are not homogeneous. (a) 4x2 + L2xy + 9? > Gt+yyF=0 => wt3y=0,2x+3y=0 = Real and coincident. (@) ax? + Ixy + by =0 ie, (2) +21{2)ron0 x x Hence, the lines are y= 3x, y Multiplying both the lines, we get (3x) Gy +x) =0 = 3x'+ &y-3y7=0 @) x°~ Sry + 6 =0 = Pw 3y+67=0 > x-2y)— 39-29) = 0 => (e—2y)=Oandx—3y=0 (c) The lines represented by the equation x? + 2xy cot 0)? = 0 are ax+hyt yVh’ -ab =0 = xtycot0+ yveot?0+1=0 > (deb )-0 sind sind => xsin 6 +y(cos 0+1)=0 Hence, one line is x sin 0 + y (cos 0+ 1)=0 (b) The equation of lines represented by the equation 3x? — 8xy + 5y*= 0 are 3x ~ Sy = 0 and x—y=0. ‘Therefore, equation of lines passing through (1, 2) and perpendicular to given lines are x + y—3=Oand 5x+3y—11=0 8. (c) ax’ + Ihxy + by* = 0 represents one of its lines as y = mx Then ax? + 2hy. mx + bmx? = 0 => bm? +2mh+ a= (1) According to the given condition, roots of (1) are a, 3a 2h +300 (2), a Bar) = 4 3 a. $ @B) h D> a=-—, Q) aa h Put this in (3), 3.) -—— is in (3), ( a = BA ab 3 9. (©) We know that m,—m, = \(m +m.) —4mm, ~_ [2taneY _4{ sec? @-sin?@ sin? sin? = [Ais © _ a(s0c? cosec?O=1) =2 sin 10, (a) 3x+4y=0 Substituting y x in the given equation, we get 6x? 3x lade 3x) 20. for 4 4 allx or 64342 20502311. (©) If the slopes are m,, m,; then they are the roots of ~7m?— cm +'1 = 0 Replacing y by mand x by 1) =2¢ => m+m,=— and mm, =-— 7 7 Asm, +m,=4m,m,, therefore, re gf 1) c22 7 7 12. (a) xy +y=0 > => x=-Ly=0 = line parallel to y-axis, x-axis, Angles made by lines with y-axis = 0, 90°. 13. (d) 3xy + y= 0, let y= mx be one of its = m—3m+2=0 => (m—2)(m—1)=0 => m=l,m=2. According to given condition tan a = 1, tan B=2 1s ‘Then cot?a + cot? B =1+— ry 14. (a) Coefficient of x° + Cofficient of 2 0 15. (4) Here, @= tan" 16. (c) Bisector of x°- 2hxy — 2y*= 0 is one of the lines is x = 2y put in equation to get > hth +3xy=0 > 4h-h+6=0=h= 17. @ Bisectors of ax? + 2hxy + by? =0 are eoy ly @ a-b hk and of ax? + 2hxy + by? +02 +y2)=0 18. 19. 20. 21. Pair of Straight Lines 1 €.13 ie, (a + dx? + Zhxy + (b + Ry? =0 are vey y (a+A)-(+A) ht Which is the same equation as equation (i). Hence, for any belonging to real numbers, the lines will have same bisectors Gi) (a) Bisectors of (x? + y?)V3 -4xy =0 are , y 22 > =z xe 0 BB ” (d) Bisector of angle between x and y axes is yax dy tis one of the lines of ax? + 2hxy + by? =0 => ax? + 2x? + bx? =0 > a+b=-2h > (@+ bran @ Any line through origin is y = mx. If this line makes an angle a with the line y = x, then tano.= 17 I+mm, > ttana = (+m) tan? a = an? a) ~2m (1 + tan?a)+(1—tan?a) Dividing by (1 —tan* a), = wan 22m > me +15 cos(2ct) . (3) 260220 = ]+120 x x => xt+y?—2xy see (2a) = 0. (©) x4 dry +y®=0 represents one of its line as y = mx Then (1) => (1+ 4m + m? = m+ 4m+1=0 A828 aa a >€.14 Pair of Straight Lines 1 Take m,=-2+43,m,=-2- 3 If 0 is angle between lines (1), then one angle between sides = 60° Third line is x — y = 4, its slope m, = 1. If ais, angle between lines (1) and third line, then tanoe=[™25|_|2+V3)—1 1+mm,| |1+(-243) 3+ V3 ac 3 = tan 60° aa => a=60°. Remaining third angle is 180°— (60 + 60%) = 60° => Ais equilateral 22. (d) We know that point lie on the bisector of angle between the lines represented by any curve is always equidistant from the lines. Therefore, equation of bisectors will be the required locus. 2xy cosec? 0= 0 23. (d) Here we(-P 2 ab = 1, (12)=12 2 4 => W>ab => alternative (d) 24. (c) Lines represented by ax? + 2hxy + by?=0 are coincident if h? = ab in equation x° + ky? + 4xy = 0. a=1,b=kh=2 (QP=1 x kork=4 25. (d) 3x2— dxy + 5 oy Sx + dxy + 3y°=0 @ eB) 26. 21. 28. 29, x 5-32 = v-yowa0 4) Evidently (3) and (4) are the same. Angle between lines given by (3) are perpen- dicular. @= 90° Bisectors of (2) are (a) Since bisectors are same, therefore => (a by'=(a- bh (a) y?— Sxy + 18x? > (v—6x)(y—3x)=0 > y=6x,y=3x Sides forming triangles are y = 9, y= 6x, y= 3x. Their intersection points are 3 (52}0n09 Since area is positive Area = 27 4 (@) y* sin? 0 — xy sin®® + x2(cos8— 1) = 1 = ysin*0 — ay sin’ — Here a= sin’, b = sin*0 Then, a + => lines are perpendicular > on% 2 (©) 2x + 3y=6, its slope =m, Let y = mx be the equation of a line through origin Then m, = m. These lines form a right angled isosceles. Hence its angles are =, ©. 274 slaPair of Straight Lines 1 €.15, => Sm*+24m—5=0 But m= x {e) (> => Syt+ 2dxy— 5s UNSOLVED OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS (IDENTICAL PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE): FOR IMPROVING SPEED WITH ACCURACY . If the equation 2x? — 2hxy + 2y* = 0 represents two coincident straight lines passing through the origin, then h is equal to (a) 46 ) V6 © -Ve @ #2 . If the sum of slopes of the pair of lines represented by 4x? + 2hxy —7y? = 0 is equal to the product of the slopes, then the value of his [Karnataka CET-1999] (a) -6 (b) -2 @-4 @4 . The gradient of one of the lines of ax? + 2hxy + by® = 0 is twice that of the other, then IMP PET-2000; Pb. CET-2002] ) +b (@) 9h? = 8ab . Separate equations of lines, for a pair of lines, whose equation is x + xy — 12y*= 0, are [Karnataka CET-2001; Pb. CET-2000] () x+4y=0andx+3y=0 (b) 2x—3y =O and x— 4y=0 © x-6 (@ x+4y=0 and x~3y=0 5. The equation to the pair of straight lines through the origin which are perpendicular to the lines 2x*— Sxy + y*= 0, is IMP PET-1990] (@) 2+ Sey +y (b) 2 + 2)? + Say @ 22 +y-Sxy= 0 Y 4 2Y <9 represent pair of straight ab h lines and slope of one line is twice the other, ‘Then ab : fis, IDCE-2005] @) 9:8 (b) 8:9 (@) 1:2 @2:1 7. Angle between the lines represented by the equation x° + 2xy see 0 + y= is (@)e (b) 20 © 02 (@) None of these 8. Pair of straight lines perpendicular to each other represented by [Roorkee-1990] (a) 2x’ 2y(2x + y) (b) xP +37 +3=0 (©) 2=y2e+y) @) = 2K-») 9. Then angle between the pair of lines repre- sented by 2x? Txy + 3)*= 0, is [Kurukshetra CEE-2002] (b) 45° (@) 30° (a) 60° (©) tan” (7/6) 10. The equation of the bisectors of the angle between lines represented by equation 4x? — l6xy — 79 = 0 is (@) 8+ Ixy —8y=0 (b) 8e* Ixy 8° =0 (©) 162+ Ixy -1 (@) 16x? + Ixy + 169" 11, The equation of the bisectors of the angle between the lines represented by the equation py =0,is (a) x=0 (© xw=0 (b) y=0 (d) None of these€.16 Pair of Straight Lines 1 12. If y = mx be one of the bisectors of the angle between the lines ax— 2hxy + by = 0, then (@ Al +m’) + m(a—b)=0 (b) ACL =m?) + m(a + b)=0 (c) (1 —m*) + m(a— 6) =0 (@) ACL + me) + ma + b)=0 13. The area of the triangle formed by the lines x?— dy? =0 and x =a, is (a) 2a* (b) a?/2 ©) V3a°/2 @) 20/3 14. If J.x + my =O and Lx + my = 0 represents two straight lines represented by ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0, then (J,? + m,2) (1? + m,2) is equal to (a—b)? +4h? @ aby ant (b) (@—by 4h? © (@—by + 4l* @ fanaa? 46 15. The equation of one of the line represented by the equation pq (x? y*) + (p? — 42) xy = 0, is (0) px—gy @ @xt py=0 16. If (a + 36) (a + b) = 4h, then the angle between the lines represented by ax? + 2hxy + by? =0is (a) 30° (b) 45° (©) 60° (d) tan“! (1/2) 17. If the sum of the slopes of the lines repre- sented by the equation x? — 2xy tan A—y?=0 be 4, then ZA is equal to (@) 0° (b) 45° ©) 60° @ tan-!@2) 18. If the lines represented by the equation ax? ~ bxy — y= 0 make angles a and B with the x-axis, then tan (a + B) is equal to b om ~b Tea ) a © Tb (a) None of the above 19. If the acute angles between the pairs of lines 3x? — Ty + 4y* = 0 and 6x*— Sxy + y= 0 be 6, and 6, respectively, then @) 0,=8, (b) 6, =20, ©) 26, (d) None of these 20. 21. 22. 23. 24, 25, 26. 21. If the pair of lines ax? + acxy + ¢9* = 0 and [s+t]}oror[sed ree are equally c a inclined for all real a # 0, c #0, then } is equal to @1 2 ©3 @4 ‘The combined equation to a pair of the straight lines passing through the origin and inclined at 30° and 60° respectively with (@) V3(0° +y) =4xy (b) 402 +y*)=VBxy (©) + \3y?-2xy=0 (@) x24 3y*—2xy=0 ‘The equation 4x*— 24xy + 1y*= 0 represents [Orissa JEE-2003] (a) Two parallel lines (b) Two perpendicular lines (©) Two lines through the origin (d) Acircle If the slope of one of the lines given by ax? + ynxy + by? = 0 is 5 times the other, then [Karnataka CET-2003] (b) 5h? = 9ab (@) = ab The angle between the lines represented by the equation Ax? + (1 +2)? xy — 25? = 0 is (a) 30° (b) 45° (©) 60° (d) 90° ‘The angle between the pair of straight lines x?+ 4 — Tay = 0, is (a) (3) (b) tan'3 oe ©) tan ae @ tan arr Condition that the two lines represented by the equation ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0 to be per pendicular is [Kurukshetra CEE-1998; MP PET-2001] (a) ab=-1 (b) a=-b @a (@) ab The angle between the lines x* + 4xy + y*=0 is [Karnataka CET-2001; Pb. CET-2001] (@) 60° (by 15° © 30° @ 45°28. If the pair of straight lines x — dxy — y* = 3 and x*— 2pxy — be such that each pair bisects the angle between the other, then p is equal to @1 (b) -2 (©) -1/2 (2 29. Two lines represented by equation x? + xy + y* =Oare Pair of Straight Lines 1 €.17 (a) Collinear (b) Parallel (©) Mutually perpendicular (@) Imaginary . The triangle formed by x*— 9y*= 0 and x = 4 is [Orissa JEE-2004] (a) Isosceles (b) Equilateral (© Right angled (@) None of these€.18 Pair of Straight Lines 1 WORKSHEET: TO CHECK THE PREPARATION LEVEL Important Instructions 7 v The answer sheet is immediately below the worksheet The test is of 16 minutes, ‘The worksheet consists of 16 questions. The maximum marks are 48. Use Blue/Black Ball point pen only for writing particulars/marking responses. Use of pencil is strictly prohibited. . The angle between the lines represented by the equation 4x? — 24xy + 11y?= 0 are IMP PET-1990] a3 ii 3) (a) tan*=, tan”! -— 4 a (b) wa 'jan'(-3) 44 aif 4 © tan tan ( 3] ok apf (@) tan", tan ( 3) The angle between the pair of straight lines given by equation x? + 2xy— y*= 0, is IMNR-1983] (@ x3 (b) 1/6 © 2 @0 The angle between the lines given by x°—y Ois IMP PET-1999] (a) 15° (b) 45° (©) 75° (d) 90° The equation x° + ky? + k, xy = 0 represents a pair of perpendicular lines if = (b) k, = 2k, (© 2k, =k, (d) None of these If the equation 3x? + 2hxy + 3y? = 0 represents two coincident lines, then h is equal to @2 (b) 3 ©4 @1 The combined equation of bisectors of angles between coordinate axes is (a) e+ =0 (b) x=, © xw=0 @xty 0 7. If the slope of one line represented by ax? + 10xy + y* = 0 is four times that of the other, then a is equal to (a) 16 (b) 6 @4 @ 8. If 4ab = 3h’, then the ratio of slopes of the lines represented by the equation ax? + 2hxy + by? = Owill be (a) V2:1 @) 2:1 @ Bil @ 1:3 9. The angle between the lines xy = 0 is IMP PET-1990, 92] (a) 45° (b) 60° © 90° @ 180° 10, If the lines represented by the equation 6x? + Alxy — Ty? = 0 make angles a and B with x-axis, then tan a, tan B is equal to @) -67 (b) 6/7 © 16 (@) -716 LL. If the lines (p — g)x? + 2(p + gixy + (q—p) * = 0 are mutually perpendicular, then (@) p=q ) © p=0 (@ pand q may have any value 12. The lines x*— which is (a) right angled (b) isosceles ©) equilateral (@) None of these = 0 and x=a form a triangle 13. If straight lines bisecting the angle between the bisectors of the angles between the lines ax? + hxy + by? = 0 are given by Ma2—y) + Aly = 0, then i is equal to (@atb (b) 2ab (© a-b Oar 14, The equation x? + ky? + 4xy = 0 represents two coincident lines, if k is equal to @o (b) 1 4 @ 16 15. The pair of straight lines a? x? + 2h(a + b)y + b?y?=0 and ax? + 2hxy + by? =O are such that(a) one of the lines coincide Pair of Straight Lines 1 €.19 16. The coordinates of the orthocentre of the tri- (b) one of the lines of first is perpendicular to angle formed by lines xy = 0 and x + y= 1 is. one of lines of second pair [Orissa JEE-2008] (©) the lines represented by two pairs are equally inclined @) (1,1) (b) (0, 0) (@) None of these © (1,0) @(,2) ANSWER SHEET 1@@®O@ 7.@OO©@ 3B. ®@OO@ 2@®0@ 8 @®O@ 4. @Q@O@ 3@0O@ »@©@OO@ 5. @@®O@O 4@O0O@O 0. @@®O@ 16. @@Q@OO 5@OO®@ 1.@@Q@O@ 6@OO@ 12.@®O©®@O HINTS AND EXPLANATIONS 9. (© Line represented by xy = 0 are x =O and y= 0 Angle between them = 90° 11, (@)*! Sum of coefficient = p-g + q-p=0 12. (¢) Vertices of A formed by. will be AQ, 0), ate B ml a3) Here we can see that Line will be mutually perpendicular for AB=BC=CA all values of p and q AABC isa equilateral.1d 1.2 13 14 LECTURE Pair of Straight Lines 2 (Some important results connected with two homogenous pair of straight lines, general equation of second degree) BASIC CONCEPTS Some important results connected with two pairs of straight lines: 2 (i) Gi) If both the pair of lines are identical then h_b Ifboth the pair of lines have one line in common then ab 2h d bow ja bf |b 2hl2h al la A lw silee a (ab! — ba’)? = A(ha! — Ha) (h’b— hb’) If one of the lines given by ax?+ 2hxy + by?=0 is perpendicular to one of the lines represented by a'x? + 2h'xy + b’y?=0 then a b 2h or or d Bom 2h | or -2h/||-2h' | (aa! — bb" + A¢ha! + h'b) (h' + ha’) =0 ‘Two pairs of lines are said to be equally inclined to each other if they possess the same pair of angle bisectors. If the pairs of lines ax? + 2hxy—ay?=0 and bx? + 2hxy — by?= 0 be such that each pair bisects the angle between the other then hg + ab = 0. 3. General Equation of Second Degree: ax?+ Ihxy + by? + 2gx + 2fp + ¢= O represents a pair of straight lines if abe + Yfgh — af*—bg*— ch? =0 lah gl or [hb f|=0. is f ¢ 4, If the separate equations of the pair of lines ax* + hay + by? + 2gr + 2fy + c= Oarey =m, x + ¢,and y= mx + ¢, then IMPPET-2007] by +4le — 5. Both lines represented by ax + 2hxy + by? + 2hy + 2fy + ¢ = 0 are ax + hy + g = (i? —ab)y* + (gh—af y +(g* —ac) If both lines are real and distinet then abe + Ygh — af — bg? — ch? = 0. (tm +m) 51€.22 Pair of Straight Lines 2 WM 10. i. If both lines are real and coincident then f? = ab, gh = af and g? = ac If both lines are parallel then fi? = ot F E ox a= bg? The distance between the parallel lines repre- sented by ax? + 2hxy + by?+ 2ex + 2fp + e=0 is 2fB=8 op |L=be ‘a(a+b) (a+b) Angle between the lines represented by ax? + hxy + by? + Igx + 2fy + ¢=0 is 0, then -|2viF=ab| _ 1 2vh? ab = tan t|2¥4 ~ 2) = sin! NE atb l(a—by +4n? -1__atb =cos la-by 4K Note that the angle between the pair of lines ax? + 2hxy + by? + gx + 2fy + ¢ = 0 is same as the angle between the lines ax? + 2hxy + by?= 0 Condition of perpendicularty :a + b= ‘The equation to the pair of straight lines through the origin and (i) parallel to the pair of lines represented by ax? + 2hxy + by? + 2gx + 2fy + =O is: ax? + 2hxy + by?=0 ii) perpendicular to the pair of lines repre- sented by ax? + 2hxy + by? + 2gx + 2fy +c =i: bx? 2hxy + ay?=0 The equation to the pair of lines through (a, B) and parallel tothe pair of lines ax? + 2hxy + by-+ 2gx + 2fy +0 =0is a (ea) + 2h(e— a) y—B)+b OBI ‘The equation to the pair of lines through (a, ) and perpendicular to the pair of lines ae + Ihxy + by? + 2gx + 2fy + b (x—a)?—2h(e — a) (v—B) +a —P) Point of intersection of the lines: The point of intersection of the two lines rep- resented by ax? + 2hxy + by? + 2gx + 2fp t= Ois ib, gh = af 11.1 Ifthe pair of lines ax? + 2hxy + by? + 2gx +2f0 + ¢ =0 intersect at (a, B) then (a, B) satisfy the equation aa +hB + g=0, ha + bp +f=0 and ga+ bB+o=0 11.2 The pair of lines ax?+ 2hxy + by? + 2gx + 2fp + ¢=0 intersect on x-axis, then g? = ac and 2/gh = aft ch ‘The pair of lines ax?+ 2hxy + by? + gx + 2fy +0 =0 intersect on y-axis, then /2= be and 2fgh = bg? + ch? 12. If p is the distance of the point of intersection of ax? + 2hxy + by? + 2gx + 2fp + ¢ = 0 from c(a+b)- f?-g* ab- WP Bisectors: The equations of the bisectors of the angles between the lines represented by ax? + Inxy + by?+ Igx + 2fy + ¢=O are given by (=xF --¥F _ = X)0-¥) a-b h ‘where (x’, y’) is the point of intersection of the lines represented by ax? + 2hxy + by?+ 2gx + Wre=0 14, The product of the perpendiculars from (a, B) to the pair of lines ax? + 2hxy + by?+2gx + 2fy + 2 2fB+e ao + 2h c= is: (a—-b)'+4h? [Bihar CEE-1994] 15. If the lines represented by the equation ax? + 2hxy + by? + 2x + 2fy + ¢=0 will be equidis- tant from the origin if f*— ¢' = c (bf ~ ag?) Equation of the pair of straight lines passing through point of intersection of pair of straight lines ax? + hey + by?+ 2gx + 2fy +6 =0 i) and a'x? + 2hixy + biy?+ 2g'x + 2fy +c =0 (a) 1.3 the origin then, p? = 13. 16. is ax? + Qhxy + by? 2gr + 2fp + oth (a'e + Dhiay + biy?+ 2g'x + fy +c) =0 where 2 is constant whose value is obtained by given condition: If both pairs of straight lines (i) and (ii) are parallel then 4-1 _ 6 a 16.1 a Dee gg fe17. Equation of the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of a given line and a given curve: Let the straight line be, y=mx+cor 27” ad) € and the curve be, ax? + 2hxy + by? + 2gx + fy + k=0. Q) toy sft aa #294 2H +k 000, 0) Let the line cuts the curve at the points P and Q, then the joint equation of OP and OQis ax? + hey + by? + Qgr + 26s) @ NOTE If OP and OQ are equally inclined with coordinate axes then m,+m, Thisis done by making the equation of the curve homogenous with the help of the equation of the line 18. The pair of lines which join the origin to the points of intersection of the line y = mx + ¢ with the curve x?+y*= a? are at right angles, if 2c? = a°(1 + m’) 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Pair of Straight Lines 2 €.23 ‘The straight lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the two curves ax*+ 2hxy + by? + 2ex=Oand a! x? + 2h'xy + b!y?+ 2g'e = O are at right angles, if: ath ash gs The equation of the diagonal not passing through origin of the quadrilateral formed by the pairs of lines ax? + 2hay + by?=0 (1) and ax? + Ihay + by?+ 2ex$ Yy + O=0 ou. (2) is obtained by subtracting (1) from the (2) ie. 2gx + 2fy +0 =0. If centroid of the triangle formed by the lines ax? + 2hxy + by?=0 and lx + my = Lis 2(bl-hm) 2(am-hl) 3(6F — 2hlm + am*)” 3(bF —2hlm+ am*) ‘The two pair of straight lines ax? + Uixy + by? + 2gx + 2fy + ¢= 0 and ax? + Ixy + by?= 0 form a: (a) square if (a —b) fg + h(?—g*)=0,a + b=0 (b) rectangle if (a ~ b) fg + hf? g°)#0,a + b=0 © thombus if (@—b) fg +h? g°)=0,a + b #0 (@) parallelogram if (a~ b) fe + W(f?—g*) #0, a+b40 If (e,,y,) is the midpoint of the intercept made by aline L between (@) the pair of lines $ = ax? + 2hxy + by*= 0, then the equation to the line is S,=S,, ie ax, + AGy, + x,y) + by, [T=S,] = axe + hy, + by? (b) the pair of lines S = ax?+ 2hxy + by? + 2ge + 2fy +e =0, then the equation to the line LisS,=S, ie, axx, + h(xy, + xy) + byy, + e¢e + x) + fytyte = ax, + Mey, + by? + 2gx, + If, +e.24 Pair of StraightLines 2 SOLVED SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS (XII BOARD (C.B.S.E./STATE)): FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING AND CONCEPT BUILDING OF THE TOPIC 1. Show that the equation 6x? + Sxy— dy? + Tx + 13y — 3 = O represents a pair of straight lines. Solution ‘Comparing the given equation with the gen- eral equation of second degree ax? + 2ixy + by? + 2ex + 2fy + o=0 a We have, a=6,b=-4, po 7 13 g=5 SED 2 If the general equation (1) represents a pair of straight lines, then A= abe + Yfgh — af? bg? ch? =0 Hence, if the given equation represents a pair of straight lines, then 13.75 A=6(-4) (3)+ 2—..= 6-4) (3) Baia 169 49 25 SEM OE 455 1014 75 = 724-4494 44 4 288+ 455-1014+196+75 Hence, the given equation represents a pair of straight lines, Proved 2. Prove that the equation 6x? + 8xy~ 8)? + 23x— 10y + 7 =0 represents a pair of straight lines. Also, find the point of intersection of the lines and the angle between them. Solution ‘Comparing the given equation with the gener- al second degree equation ax? + 2hxy + by? + 2gx + 2fy +c=0, We have, a=6,b=-8,h=4, 8 Now A= abe + 2fgh—af?—bg?—ch*=6 (-8)7 +2693, +sest-ca[ 2 - 1a =~ 336 - 460 ~ 150 + 1058~ 112 ie, A=0 ‘This shows that the given equation repre- sents a pair of straight lines, Given equation is 6x? + &xy — 8y? + 23x — 10y+7=0 or 6x? + 8xy + 23x = By? + 10y—7 ‘Multiplying by 6, we get 36x? + 6 (By + 23)x = 48)? + 60y— 42 On completing the square LHS., add 8y 423 (4 2 } to both the sides, Hence, 36x? +6 (Sy + 23)x + “3? ) 2 = 4897+ 6ty-aae( BA) = (os) _192y? + 240-168 + 64? + 368y +529 4 (2) 256y? +608y +361 2 4 = (a) (SS) 2 12x + 8y +23 = + (16) +19) ‘Taking positive sign, we have 12x + Sy +23 = + (16y + 19) => 12x-8y+4=0 => 3x-2y+1=0 ay ‘Taking negative sign, we have 12x + 8y +23 =~ 16y~19=> 12x+24y + 42=0 => Ixtdyt7=0 @ These are the equations of two different straight lines Proved. To find the point of intersection, multiply- ing by 2 to equation (1) and add with equation (2), we get &r+9=0> x= 8 Now, put the value of x in equation (1) or (2), 19 6 So, the point of intersection of lines is -9 -19 8’ 16 | ‘Angle between two lines can also be known by two methods. First Method: Gradient (m,) of line 3x ~2y + 1=0is 3 and gradient (m,) of line 2x + 4y + 7=0is 2 If the angle between the two lines is @, then => tan 0=8 or 0= tan! (8). 3. Show that the equation ax?+ 2hxy + by?+2ex-+ 2Yfy + © = 0 represents two parallel lines, if bg? = af ? and ? = ab and distance between these parallel lines is 2 a(a+b) Solution Given equation is ax? + 2hxy + by? + 2ex + 2+ e=0 => ax? + Lahey + aby? + 2agx + 2afy + ac=0 = atx?+2ax (hy + g)=—aby?—2afy—ac On completing square of L.H.S., adding both the sides by (hy + g)? Pair of Straight Lines 2 €.25 hence, ax? + 2ax (hy + g) + (hy + gf? = ~aby?~ 2afp —ac + (hy+ g? > (av + hy + g)=y'UP—ab) + 2y (hg—af) + g?ac > axth+g Above equation shows the two parallel lines if coefficient of y* and y under square root be zero, then W-ab=0 and =ab and and and and uuuy ‘Therefore, parallel lines are ax +hy + g =4,/9?-ac => arthytg+ g?—ac =0 a => axthyt+g-Jg"—ac =0 @ Now, perpendicular on line (1) and (2) drawn from origin (0,0) are gt ygi-ac va? +i? - yg? = ae vate? Distance between these lines = ar _2ve"=a0 _, lash a a6" 2/5 |. Prove that the lines joining the point of intersection of y — 3x = 2 and the curve x? + Day + 3y? + 4x + Sy — 11 = 0 to the origin are - pa inclined at an angle tan’€.26 Pair of Straight Lines 2 Solution The equation of the given line may be written yo3x as qd) 2 and equation of curve is St Dy +3y + 4x4 By-11=0 (2) The equation of the lines joining the ori- gin to the points of intersection of the curve and the line is obtained by making equation (2) homogenous with the help of equation (1), ‘Thus the required equation is x2 + Qny +3y? + 4(x + 2y), 3x_ 1, ¥=3x) _9 2 2 => xP + Day + 3y + 2oy — 3x42" to 6xy + 9x2)= 0 or dx? + Bxy + 12y2 + Sey — 24x? + 16y2 ABxy ~ Ly? + 66xy — 99x? or -119x+ 34xy + 17y2=0 or Te-2y-y Oxy) ‘Comparing it with ax+ 2hxy + by?=0, we get a=7,h=-1,b=-1 If 0s the angle between the lines, then Pe, tang =2V ab _ 2vi+7 a+b 7-1 _2yB _4y2 6 6 or tang= 292 3 n Show that the pair of lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curves ax? + hay + by? + 2gv =O and a'x? + 2h'xy + By + 2g'x = 0 will be at right angles to one another, if g(a + b)=g(a' +’), IMP-93,97] Solution The equations of the given curves are ax? + Ihxy + by? + 2gx=0 a and a'x? + 2h'xy + bly? + 2g'x=0 @ ‘The equation representing a pair of lines join ing the origin to the points of intersection of the given curves is obtained by making equa- tion (1) homogenous with the help of equation (2) by eliminating the first degree terms. So, multiplying equation (1) by g", equa- tion (2) by g and subtracting, we get the re~ quired equationas (ag’-a’g)x?+ 2(hg’—h'g)xy+ (bg’ — b’g)y?=0 @) ‘Now, the two lines given by equation (3) will be perpendicular, if (coefficient of x*) + (coefficient of y*) = 0 ie, (ag! —a’g) + (bg’—b’g)=0 or g(a'+b)=g(a +b) Proved 6. Prove that the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of y = mx + ¢ with x°+y?= a? will be perpendicular to each other, if 2c? = a? (1 +m?) IMP-93, 94, 97] Solution The equation of the given line may be written as Yome dy ce The equation of given curve is wtys@ 2 The required equation is obtained by mak- ing the equation of curve (2) homogenous with the help of equation (1) ‘The required equation is, 2 7 ( — J © or (i +y)c2=a°G" or xe + mx? — 2xym) am?) + 2a? mxy + y(c? a) =0 The line represented by this equation are perpendicular to each other if the sum of coef ficients of x* and y* is zero, ie., Cna'm+ch—a=0 a (1 +m?) Proved. or 7. Find the value of Aso that the lines joining the origin to the point of intersection of the line x + y=1 with the curve x+y +x—2y + R= 0 may be at right angles. Solution Equation of the line is xty=l a) and equation of the curve is ety tx—ytr=0 Q)Making equation (2) homogenous by equation (1), we get the equation of the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of equations (1) and (2), Sty +(e 2p) FYFE HYF=O > Sty tx tay ey IP HACE + By ty) > EQ) ty A-l)-ayt Ry=0 G) Lines denoted by equation (3) will be perpendicular to each other if Coefficient of x? + Coefficient of y? = 0. > 2+y+Q-N=0 => A+1=0 = net 2 8. Prove that the area of the triangle formed by the lines ax* + 2hxy + by? =O and fx + my + Vn? = ab n=Ois 1 Vhi -ab cam? — Zhim + bl? Solution Let the equation ax? + 2ixy + by? = 0 shows ‘two lines yams w and y= mx @ m.+m, 2% and mm, A Third line is Ie + my +n=0 @ Intersection of lines (1) and (2) is A@, 0) From equations (1) and (3), we have be + m(mx)+n=0 => (+ mm,x=—n n >. 1+mm, From equation (1), y=-—"™— 1+mm, Intersection of lines (1) and (3) is 3-2, mn T+mm," 1mm, Similarly, intersection of lines (2) and (3) is: q-—,-—1m I+mm,” 1mm, Pair of Straight Lines 2 €.27 Area of required triangle ABC =F EO IDLO) + wf mom 2 | (mm, (+ mm,) [(m, + m,)° 4mm, 2n'Vh = ab ~ 26P —2him + am?) wh? —ab = Proved. am? — 2him+ bl” 9. If orthocentre of the triangle formed by the lines ax? + 2hxy + by?= 0 and fy + my = 1 is (x,y) then show that: ee) 1 mam? —2him+ 60 Solution Let ax? + 2hxy + by?=0 shows two lines yams a and y=mx m,+m, = ‘equation of third line is le + my=1 Obviously, intersection of equations (1) and (2) is point (0, 0), intersection of equa- tions (1) and (3) is 4) —1—, 4 T+mm,” T+ mm, and intersection of equations (2) and (3) is a m, T+mm,’ T+mm,€.28 Pair of StraightLines 2 Equation of the line passing through the point (0, 0) and perpendicular to the line (3) is mx—ly =0 = 2.2 Tom Orthocentre of the triangle is (x,,»,) x Hey (say) @ m ‘Again, equation of the line perpendicular on line (2) is xt my=h If it passes through point {2m T+mm,’ T+mm, L__mm, + a2, Temm, | Tm, then att, T+mm, Equation of the line perpendicular on line (2) is ety a bt” 2 Te mm, Point (x, »,) also lies on this line I+ xtmy ant T+ mm, = remy =, Te mm, {from equation (4)} Lem, (U4 mm, (+ mm, ) - l+mm, P+ (m,+m,)lm + mmm, ad + ath 2g 42 pq? BE = 2hlm+ am* b Thus, from equation (4) and by this result, we ath = Proved. bP = 2him+am* UNSOLVED SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS (XII BOARD (C.B.S.E./STATE)): TO GRASP THE TOPIC SOLVE THESE PROBLEMS @ EXxercise1 1. For what value of k the following represent a pair of straight lines: be? + Lay + Oy? + 12v + 189+ 5=0 (ii) ke? L0xy + 12y* + Sx 16-3 =0 Prove that the equation 4x? 12xy + 9y? + 8x ~ 12) ~ 5 = O represents two parallel lines and find the distance between them. Find the equation of the different lines repre- sented by 6x? + Say — 4y? + 7x + 13y— 3= 0 and find the angle between them. For what value of m, the lines joining the ori- gin to the points of intersection of y = mx + ¢ and y* = dax are perpendicular. Prove that the lines joining the points of intersection of 7x* — dxy + 8y? + 2x — 4y — 8 = 0 and line 3x — y = 2 to the origin are perpendicular. . If the distance between the lines denoted by (e — 2y)? + k(e— 2y) = 0 is 3, then find the value of k . Prove that the equation 3x? + 17xy + 10y* + 2x —16y — 8 = 0 represents two lines. Find the angle between these lines. . If x? 3xy + Ay? + 3x — Sy + 2=0 shows two lines, where 2. is any real number and angle between these lines is @, then find cosec? 0. EXERCISE 2 . Prove that the equation x? +2V3xy+3y?-3 ~3x-3V3y-4=0 represents two parallel straight lines, them. also find distance between IMP - 1997] . Prove that each of the following equations represent a pair of straight lines: @ x-2ytyt-x+y=0 (ii) 6x? xy — 12y*— 8x + 29-14 =03. Find the equation of the different lines repre- sented by 6x?— Sxy — 6y? — 22x + Ty + 20 = 0 and find their point of intersection and the angle between them. 4, Find the equation of the pair of lines joining, the origin of coordinates to the point of inter section of the line y = x + 2 with the circle Pair of Straight Lines 2 €.29 5. Show that the lines joining the points of inter- section of the line 4x — 3y = 10 with the circle x+y? + 3x — 6 — 20 = 0 to the origin are perpendicular. 6. If the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of y = mx + 2 and x+y? 4=0 are perpendicular then find the value of m. ety ‘ANSWERS EXERCISE 1 4 e EXERCISE 2 "4a ; 1. 4 2 12 " o4 nk a 2 . 3. 2e—3y—- 0 and 3x + vi3 7. 45 a ae 3. 2x - y + 3 = 0 and 8 10 2y-5=0, (3 3) 3x4 4y—1=0, ww (3) 4. x=0,y=0 2 6 £1 SOLVED OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS: HELPING HAND 1. The area of the triangle formed by the lines 4x +)? =O and x+y +4V6 =0 is: [Roorkee, 1983] (a) 8y3 units (b) 16y3 units (©) 32V3 units (@) None of these Solution (b) x7 = 4xy + 0 = [x-Q+y3)y] [x-@-Y3)y]=0 =0 Hence sides of given triangle are x-(2+y3)y=0, x-(2-V3)y=0, xty+4V6=0 Its area is given by = sapien 64x18 = =16y3 units 243 ao 2. The equation of the bisectors of angle between the lines represented by equation (p — mx)? = (e+ my) is (a) me? + (mn? 1) xy— my? Ixy — my" (©) mx? +n? 1) xy + my? = 0 (@) None of these Solution (a) The equation isy2 + m?x2— 2mxy — x2 — my? ~2mxy = => n= 1) ty? (1 m?)—4mxy = 0 Therefore, the equation of bisectors is _ (nt -1)-(1-m’)€.30 Pair of Straight Lines 2 3. If the bisectors of the angles of the lines repre- sented by 3x?— dxy + 5x? = 0 and Sx? + dxy + 3y? = 0 are same, then the angle made by the lines represented by first with the second, is: (@) 30° (b) 60° (c) 45° (d) 90° Solution (@) ** Both lines have same bisector. So, under the given condition it is clear that angle is 90° 4. If the pair of straight lines given by Ax? + 2Hxy + By? = 0 (H? > AB) forms an equilat- eral triangle with line ax + by +c = 0, then (A + 3B) (34 + B)is: [EAMCET 2003] @ # (b) -? (©) (@) ar Solution (@) We know that the pair of lines (a? — 362) x? + Sabxy + (b? ~ 3a") with the line ax + by + ¢ =0 form an equilateral triangle. Hence comparing with Ax? + 2Hxy + By?=0, then A = a?— 36°, B = b*— 3a", 2H = 8ab Now (4 + 3B) (34 + B) = (-8a*) (86%) = (Sab) = (Hy = 4H? The area (in square units) of the quadri- lateral formed by the two pairs of lines Px? = my? — n(le + my) = 0 and Px? = my? + a (le — my) = 0 is [EAMCET 2003] 2 © Timi © Tim oO oa Im| @ 4\im| Solution (a) Given lines are (on factorising) be + my =0, le + my +n =0 Ie— my =0, lx + myn =0 Aves = |=dia= dd (ab — a,b) —|@=mO+n)| nt Clim) |~ Zim] 6. The lines represented by the equation ax? + Dhyy + by? + Igx + Ify + © = 0 will be equi- distant from the origin, if @) [+g =0(b—a) () ft g'=0 (bf? + ag) (©) fi gt=c (bf? ag’) OP rea af by Solution (c) Let the equations represented by ax? + 2hxy + by? + 2gx + 2fp + C=O be be + my +n=Oand [x + m'y +n! =0 Then the combined equation reprsented by these lines is given by (le + my +n) (x + m'y +n)=0 So, it must be similar with the given equa- tion. On comparing, we get 1!’ = a, mm’ = c, Im'+ ml! = 2h, In'+ Iin = 2g, mn'+ According to the condition, the length of perpendiculars drawn from origin to the lines esame So, a us Wren Pn (on'y? * Fam? +m) Now on eliminating J, m, I’, m! and n, n', we get the required condition f*— g* = o(bf —ag’) 7. The circumcentre of the triangle formed by the lines xy + 2x + 2y + 4 = 0 and xty+2=0 [EAMCET 1994] @) ©,0) ) (2,2) © Cl-l) @ Cl,-2) Solution (©) The separate equations of the lines given by xy + 2x+2y+4=Oare (x +2) (y+2)=0or x+2=0,y+2=0. Solving the equations of the sides of the triangle, we obtain the coordinates of the vertices as A(-2,0), B(O, -2) and C(-2, ~2), Clearly, A ABC is a right angled triangle with right angle at C. Therefore the centre of the circum-circle is the mid-point of AB whose coordinates are (-1, -1), 8. Let POR be a right angled isosceles triangle, right angled at P(2, 1). If the equation of the line OR is 2x + y = 3, then the equation repre- senting the pair of lines PQ and PR is [IT 1999] (a) 3x? 3y? + 8xy + 20x + 10y + 25=0 (b) 3x? 3y? + 8xy— 20 — 10y + 25 =03y? + Sxy + 10x + 15y + 20=0 (@) 3x2 ~ 3y? Bey — 10x 1520-0 Solution (b)Parametric equation of line passing through point p, X=? _ Y= 1 ©os0 sind Pe.) a R Bry=s hence, the point is r cos @ + 2, r sin 0+ 1 If this point lie on QR, then 2(r cos 0 + 2) +r sin o+1=3 (2 c08 0 + sin 0) = = 2cos0+sind= a) If © be the inclination of PQ, then (+9) will be the inclination of PR. Hence 2cos| =+0 |+sin) =+0 |= 2 2 2 => -2sin0+cos0 >) 3 From (i) and (ii), we get 2 cos 0 + sin 0 = -2 sin 0 + cos 0 => cos 0=-3 sin => Pair of Straight Lines 2 €.31 Hence the gradients of PQ and PR are -1/3 and 3 Therefore the equations of PQ and PR are (x-2); y-1=3@=2) y- 3 and their combine equation is BO-D+&- 2) [0-1 -3@-2)] or 3(—1)?- 8 Ie 2)- x-2F=0 or 3(¢=2)? + 8x 2-1) -3Q- 1) or 3(°—4r+ 4) + 8Qy—x— 27 +2)307- 2y+1)=0 or 3x*~3y* + Bxy— 20x - 10y +25 =0 9. Mixed term xy is to be removed from the gen- eral equation ax? + by? + 2hxy + 2fy + Igx + ¢=0. One should rotate the axes through an angle 0 given by tan 20 equal to @ 24 (by 2h 2h at @ a5 @ 2h ab Solution (@) Let (x', y’) be the coordinates on new aves, then put x= x’ cos 0—y'sin 0, y cos 0 in the equation. ‘Then the coefficient of xy in the transformed equation is 0. So 2(b— a) sin 0 cos 0+ 2h cos 20=0 2h = in ® + y! => tan20= 10. If the pair of lines ax? + 2hxy + by? + 2gx + 2fy + =O intersect on the y-axis, then: (@) Ygh=bg?+ch® — (b) bg? ¥ch* (© abe = 2fgh (@ None of these Solution (a) fix,y) = ax? + by? + Inny + 2gx + If + ¢=0 FY) _ 9 hx Points of intersection of lines 2ax + 2hy +2¢=0 Since, x = 0, intersects on y-axis y =—g/h. ‘Thus putting this value in fix, y) iy We get, P84 24-gih)+e=0 or bg? + ch? = 2fgh€.32 Pair of Straight Lines 2 Step 1: Co-ordinates of the point of intersec- tion of given pair of straight lines are given by [ieee Vis] and condition for representing a pair of straight lines’ is abe + 2fgh — af — bg? - ch? = Gi) Step 2: Given that x co-ordinate of point of intersection is zero ie., f°— be = 0 @ fabe or Gii) Substituting f= be in Gi) we find: abe + 2.fgh ~ abe - bg? cl =0 or 2Ygh= bh + ch* 11. The lines joining the origin to the point of intersection of the circle x° + y? = 3 and the line x + y= 2 are [Roorkee 1995] @ y-G+2V2) (b) x-G+2y2)y=0 © x-@-2y2)y=0 @) y-@G-22)x=0 Solution (a.b,c.d) Homogenising the equation of cit- cle, we get xP Oxy + _ 6yt4yy2 2 Hence the equations are x=(3+2V2)y and x=(G-2y2)y Also after rationalizing these equations be- comes y—(3+2V2)x=0 and y-(3-2V2). x=0 =3yt2V2y % 12. The value of ‘p’ for which the equation x? + pxy + y?— 5x— Ty + 6 = 0 represents a pair of straight lines is: IMPPET — 2006] @ 52 (b) 5 ©@2 @) 25 Solution (a) The equation ax’ + by? + 2hxy + 2gx + 2fy + ¢=0 will represesnt a pair of straight lines, if abe + 2fgh—af*— bg*- ch? =0 So, the equation x°+ pry + y?—5x—7y+6=0 will represent a pair of straight lines, if wool 3 (5 (a) 35p_49 25 6p? _ => 642P- OS _oP 0 4.4 4 4 => 24435p—74—6p?=0 => 6p? 35p +50=0 => 6p? 20p— 5p +50=0 => 2p Gp~10)~5Gp~10)=0 => @p~5)Gp-10)=0 34, 10 = papal 13. The lines joining the points of intersection of the curve (x—y)? + (vA)? c? = 0 and the line ‘kx + hy = 2hk to the origin are perpendicular, ) =n +R (©) @=(h+ ke (d) 4c? = h? +e Solution (b) The line is +2 =1 and circle is, x? + 2h” 2k y? — (hx + ky) + (h? + ke — c?) = 0 making it homogenous, we get x,y 2 42 )e@ 2h #] ++ If these lines be perpendicular, then A + B= 0 [inne 2) [inne Rk? or woro( Hoe14, Two lines are given by (x—29)?-+ k(k—2y) =0. ‘The value of k so that the distance between them is 3, is @) Ws (b) 2/5 (© #3N5 (@) None of thses Solution (©) Applying the formula, the distance between them is > (ke? /4)-0 Y 1d+4) = Ks3V5. 15, If the portion of the line ‘x + my = 1 falling inside the circle x + y* = a* subtends an angle of 45° at the origin, then: (a) 4[a@? (P+ m?)- 1] =a? (P +m) (b) fa? (P+ m?)— 1] = a? (P+ m?)—2 (©) Ala? (P+ m?)— 1] = [a2 (P+ m?)— 27° (d) None of these Solution | k (© Making the equation of circle homogenous with the help of the line lx + my = 1, we get x+y? a? (le + my=0 > @P- 18+ @ m1) y+ 2a? my =0 Now 2y(a@imy = (@F = (am? 1) al tam 2 = Va? ta'm-1= a +a m2 (On squaring both sides, we get Afa* (1? +m?) — 1] = fa? (1? +m?) — 2 tan 45° = 16. The angle between the pair of straight lines formed by joining the points of intersection of x? +y°=4 and y = 3x + c to the origin is a right angle. Then c?= [EAMCET — 2007] (a) 20 (b) 13 © US @5 Solution (a) Homogenising, x? + y? = or ce? +y)— 40x? + y?— Gxy) = 0. Pair of Straight Lines 2 €.33 ‘These lines are 1. Coefficient of x? + coefficient of y? = 0 ie. c= 20. 17. If the lines x2 + 2xy ~ 35y*— 4x + 44y —12= 0 and 5x + Ay — 8 = 0 are concurrent, then the value of A is [EAMCET - 2007] @0 ®1 ©-l @2 Solution @ of intersection (34) and the lines are concurrent = s{4)sa{2)-s-05 a=2 3) "3 18. fax? + 2hxy + by? + 2ge + 2fp + = O repre- sents parallel straight lines, then. [DCE - 2007] (©) af @ None of these Solution (a) The given equation represents a pair of parallel straight lines, if h? = ab and bg? = af? Now, bg? = af? * g* [Multiplying both s ge [v= ab] 19. If the lines ax? + 2hxy + by?= 0 represents the adjacent sides of a parallelogram, then the equation of second diagonal if one is fx + my = 1, will be: (@) (am + hl) x= (b1 + hm) y (b) (am — hl) x= (b1— hm) y © (am hi) x= (61 + hm)y (d) None of these Solution (b) Let the equation of lines represented by ax? + Ynxy + by? = 0 be y ~ mx = 0 and y—m,x=0and one diagonal AC be lx + my = 1 Therefore, m, +m,€.34 Pair of Straight Lines 2 n y Now on solving the equation of OA and OC with the line AC, we get the coordinates of OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS: IMPORTA\ The condition of representing the coincident lines by the general quadratic equation f(x, y) = 0, is: (@) A=0 and The value of &, for which the equation x —y* x — hy — 2 = 0 represent a pair of straight line, are: IMP PET 2004] b) 3,1 @-1 The straight line joining the origin to the points of intersection of the line 2x + y = 1 and curve 3x? + dxy — 4x +1 = 0 include an angle: IMP PET 1993] (@) W2 (b) m3 (©) ni4 (d) 2/6 The acute angle formed between the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curves x? + y?— 2x1 = 0 and x + 1 is IMP PET 1998] (a) tan (-1/2) (b) tan? 2 (©) tar! (1/2) (@eor The point of intersection of the lines repre- sented by the equation 2x? + 3)" + Txy + &x + lay +8=0is (@) 0,2) ) C,2) ©) (2,0) @ 2.1 {+m T+mm,’ T+ mm, and c[ 1, T+mm,” 1+ mm, Now find the coordinates of mid-point of AC and the equation of diagonal through this mid-point and origin. ‘The required equation is x(am — hl) = (Ib — mhyy NT QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS 6. Distance between the lines represented by the equation x?+2V3xy+3y?-3x- 3V3y-4=0is [Roorkee 1989] (a) 5/2 (b) 5/4 @s @o 7. The equation of pair of straight lines joining the point of intersection of the curve x? + y? = 4 and y— x= 2 to the origin, is: (a) e+y= (b) P+ (©) v+y=4(y—xP @¥+t¥+4Q-xF=0 8. The lines joining the points of intersection of line x + y= 1 and curve x° + y*-2y +2=0 to the origin are perpendicular, then the value or 2. will be @ 1/2 (by 1/2 © wz @o 9. If the distance of two lines passing through origin from the point (x,, y,) is “d’, then the equation of lines is (@) Gy, -yy PHP OP ty) ©) @y, w= HY) © Gy, tyxF= O7-y, @ @-¥)=26,+¥) 10. The equation of lines passing through the ori- gin and parallel to the lines y = m,x +c, and y = mx + cisi. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. (@ myn, x2—(m, + m) xy + y°=0 () myn, x° + (m, + m,)ay += 0 © m @ mm, (m, +m, xy +2 =0 2+ (m,+m,)xy += 0 The equation of the perpendiculars drawn from the origin to the lines represented by the equation 2x? 10xy + 12)? + 5x-16-3= (a) 6x? + Sxy +37=0 — (b) 6p? + Sxy + (©) 6x°-Sxy+¥=0 — @) None of these Equation of bisectors of the angles between the lines represented by x° — Sxy + 4y* +x + 2y-2=0is: (a) x°—6xy— Sy? =0 (b) 5@—2F- 6-2) -D-S@-1¥=0 © 5-2) += 2) (= 1)-5S-1 (d) 4(x— 2) - 5(x—2) y— 1) + - 17 =0 The pair of lines (a ~ b) (x? ~y*) + 4hxy = 0 and h (x? ")— (ab) xy = O are’ (@) Parallel (b) Perpendicular (©) Equally inelined (@ Each pair bisects the angle between other pairs If the pair of straight lines xy—x—y+ 1 =0 and the line ax + 2y—3 = 0 are concurrent, then a: (a)-1 ob) 0 ©3 @i Ife +y? + 2ge + 2fy + 1 =0 is the equation of a pair of straight lines, then L @ srr 0) &-, Os ty The lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the line 3x~2y= 1 and the curve 3x? + Sxy ~ 3)? + 2x + 3y = 0, are (@) Parallel to each other (b) Perpendicular to each other (©) Inclined at 45° to each other (@) None of these =12 The square of distance between the point of intersection of the lines represented by the ‘equation ax? + 2hxy + by? + 2gx + 2p +e =0 and origin, is: (a atb)-f*-s* ab 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24, Pair of Straight Lines 2 €.35, © ath-fi-8 ab+h? (@) None of these ‘One of the lines represented by the equation x* + Gry = 0 is (@) Parallel to x-axis (b) Parallel to y-axis © xaxis @) praxis ‘Angle between the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curves 2x? + 3y? + 10r= 0 and 3x + Sy? + 16x = 0 is a3 a4 tan'= tan! @ t's ) t's (©) 90° (@) None of these ‘The equation 4x? + L2xy + 9)? + 2gx + If + ¢ = 0 will represents two real parallel straight lines, if, ‘The equation of the line joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curve x? + y? nd x? + y*— ax — ay = Dis: (a) P-y?=0 (b) xy =0 © w-¥=0 @ytxy=0 ‘The equation of the pair of straight lines pass- ing through the point (2, 3) and parallel to x and y-axis is: @ Yt ty +6=0 (b) xy—3x—2y + 6=0 (© xy +3x+2y+6=0 (d) None of these Ifax? + by? + hx + hy = 0, h #0 represents a pair of straight lines, then: [MPPET — 2008] (a) a+b=0 (bat (© b+h=0 (@) ab— P= The line ax? + 2hxy + by? = 0 are equally inclined to the lines ax? + 2hxy + by? + k (2 + 2) = 0 for: [Orissa JEE - 2008] (by k=1 (@) None of these (© any value of k 5. IE 3x? + xy —y?— 3x + Oy + K=O represents a pair of lines, then K = [Karnataka CET — 2008] (b) -9 @9 @1 @o€.36 Pair of Straight Lines 2 26. 21. 28, If the pairs of lines 3x2 Sxy + py*= 0 and 6x* — xy — Sy*= 0 have one line in common then p= (a) 2, 25/4 (b) -2, 25/4 ©) -2,-25/4 (@ None of these If the equation 12x? + 7xy —py*— 18x + gy + 6 = 0 represents a pair of perpendicular straight lines, then: [Kurukshetra CEE 2002] The lines joining origin to the points of inter section of the line x + y =I with the curve x! + 3y°— ke + 1 = 0, will be perpendicular if kis equal to SOLUTIONS the curve wrt. line ie. x? +y’ ~( orx? + y= (yx) (@) Equation can be found by homogenising (©) ax? + hey + by? + gx + By +0 =0 will represent a pair of straight line if abe + 2fgh— af? bg?—ch*=0 .... for given equation x xthy-2=0 a=1,b=-1,e=-2,h=0, 1 zt from equation (i) 2 aaass 44 (@) Make equation of curve homogenous with the help of ax ty 3x? + dey 4x (2x + y) + 2x + y= 0 or x4 dy + =0 Yat b=(C1)+()=0 Hence lines are perpendicular so 6 = 90°. (b) Homogenous equation of 2nd degree through intersection of curve and line is Xt y—Ie(e +y)—1@etYPE=0 ie, +2 =0 for ax? + 2hxy + by? 29, @7 @5 (b) 6 @4 The area bounded by the angle bisectors of the lines x*—y? + 2y = 1 and the line x + y= 3, is [IT SC. 2004 () 3 @6 (2 @4 If one of the lines of my? + (I~ m?) xy — mx? = 0isa bisector of the angle between the lines xy =0, then m is [AIEEE ~ 2007] (b) 2 @ 2 @1 (@) -12 angle between two lines is 2h -ab tan@= : h=1,b=0 a+b tan@=2M!—0 oro=tan-!2 140 (©) If the equation is general equation ax? + Lhxy + by? + Igx + Yfy +e=0 Then points of intersection are given by Hence point is (-2, 0) (a) First check for parallel lines q_h_g ji _V3_ -32 nob f We 3-332 which is true, hence line are parallel. ‘Applying formula for distance is 9 =+4 2 =% =f — 5 a(a+b) 4 2 (a) Equation can be found by homogenising ie, the curve wrt. line ie., x? +y’ E) or x? + y= (y—xP8. (@) Making the equation of curve homogenous with the help of line x + y= 1, we get typ (ety) FAG +yP=0 > M(LFA)+CI +2)— 2px + Zhy = 0 Therefore the lines be perpendicular, if A+B=0 => 1+h-1+2=0>2=0. 9. (a) If the equation of line is y = mx and the length of perpendicular drawn on it from the Yom gg N1+m' = O,-mxP= PU +n?) point (x,,y,) is d, then But m=, therefore on eliminating ‘m', the x required equation is (xy, —yx,)?= (2 +"), 10. (a) Passing through origin and is parallel to given lines are y = m,x and y = my. If rep- resented as pair of straight lines, we get (v m,x) (y— mx) =0 > mye (m, + mxy + 2 =0 11. (@) We know that the equation of perpendicu- Jar drawn from origin on ax? + 2hxy + by? + dex + fy +c =0is bx? hy + ay? =0 Therefore, the required equation is given by 12x? + 10xy + 2)? = 0 of 6x? + Sxy + =O. 12. (b) Point of intersection of x? - Sxy + 4y* + x + 2y —2=0 is obtained as follows: ar a F.6d L ax ay 2x — Sy + 1 =0;-Sx + 8y+2=0 Solving we get x=2,y=1 point of intersection (2, 1) Angle bisector's equation ie., (x29 ==? _@-20-D 1-4 5/2 Ser= 2) 5-1? 6 = 2-1) =0 13. (d)“s each pair of line is bisector of the other, these lines bisect the pair of other. 14, @)xy—x-y+1=0 => x0-l-(@-1=0 > &-Do-bD= > x=Ly=l ‘These are two L lines meeting at (1, 1). 16. 17. Pair of Straight Lines 2 €.37 Given lines are concurrent if (1, 1) lies on ax +2y-3=0 => a+2-3=0 = a=l @ x+y + 2ge + 2fy + =0 represents pair of straight lines la h g| => |r b s\=0 ls f ¢ 10 g => jo 1 s/=0 Ie f i = P-)tece=0 > fig (b) Making the given equation homogenous with the help of equation of line, we get 9x? + LOxy — 9? = 0 Hence the lines are perpendicular. (a) Let the lines represented by given equation be yemyx +e,andy=m,x +c, Then ax? + 2hyy + by? + 2ex + 2fp + = 0 =b(y—mx—c,) v—mx—e) Comparing the coefficients of x*, xy, x, y and constant term, we get Also the point of intersection of y = m,x + ¢, ena ms ] ‘m,—m,” (m,—m,) ‘Therefore, the square of distance of this point from origin is . andy=mre[ m,—m, (m,-m,)° _ Ula)? Ae] +L me, +m)" 4m, - (im, +m,)° ~4mmm, Now putting the value defined above, we get -cla +b) +f? +g? kh’ ab the required distance ie.,€.38 Pair of StraightLines 2 18, (d)x*+ 6xy=0 > x(x+6)=0 > x1=0,x+6y=0 But x= 0 => y-axis. 19. (c) The equation of any curve through the points of intersection of the given curves is 2x? + 3y? + 10x + 2 Gx? + Sy? + 16x) = 0 @ If this equation represents two straight lines through the origin, then this must be ho- ‘mogenous equation of second degree i.e., co- efficient of x in (i) must vanish 10+ 16, =0 gurl 5 1 8 Substituting this value of 2 in (i), we get the equation of pair of straight lines x° — y* = 0. Hence the lines represented by the equation i) are mutually perpendicular. 20. (c) The lines are parallel, if 4 ab, af = bg? > g=2,f=3 (et) Now abe + 2fgh — af*— bg*— ch? = 0 4x9 xC+2 x 3x2 x 6 43)? 9(2)7— (oF =0 => cis any number. 21. (b) Clearly, from figure xy = 0 represents the pair of straight lines (x?+ yax - ay = 0) (2/2, a/2) ie., combined equation of both axes. 22. (b) Required lines is (x — 2-3) = 0 xy-3x-2y+6=0 23. (a) For general equation condition to represent straight line is abe + Yfgh — af*— bg*— ch? = 0 24, 25. 26. Here C=0,h=0, f=g Ris o+o-2 4 22 (a+b) = 0-4 + b=0 (©) *! Bisector of both pair of lines are same Both pair are equiinclined each other VkeR () Compare the given equation with ax? + Lhxy + by? + Igx + Yfy + e=0. Given equation represents a pair of lines if abe + 2fgh—af?— bg? ch? =0 ie, if3 x CI)k+2%3%x (-3}s oreo) U7 => ie, if - (@) 6x2 = xy — Sy? = 0 or 6x? — 6xy + Sxy — 5y°=0 = (6x + Syx-y) =0 Lines are 6x + Sy ory=x is common with 3x? -Sxy + = or SE pes Pry Or If y=. is common 3x? 5x2 + px? = 0 => p=2 5 2,25 Peery27. (a) *’ The given equation represents a pair of straight lines therefore, 72 p— So —3q° +8) 147 81p--——=0 PS @ Also, since given equation represents perpen dicular lines 12-p=0=>p=12 from (i), 2g? + 21g-23=0=>q=1 28. (b) Equation of line joining origin with point of intersection line and curve. X43? — kx + y) Oe + Y) > F43P-ke th) tery Angle between them = 90° Coff. of x? + Coff. of 2 > 1-k+1+3+1=051=0 29. @)x P+ 2y+1=0 “1 Pair of Straight Lines 2 €.39 => x=40-1) > -xty=Lxty=1 as shown in the figure. Its bisector are y “y-axis (x = 0) line x + y=3 is shown figure. Triangle ABC is bounded by bisectors y =I, x= 0 and x + y=3. . BC = 2 as AQ, 1), C(O, 3), B ). (a) Given pair of lines is my? + (1 — m?)xy — m= 0 or n( 2) te-metnea a x x Lines xy = 0 are x = 0 and y = 0, ie., the axes. Bisectors of angles between the axes are y= x If => m= In both cases either m = 1 or m=~1 UNSOLVED OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS (IDENTICAL PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE): FOR IMPROVING SPEED WITH ACCURACY 1. The angle between the pair of lines 2x7 + Sxy + 2y? + 3x 43y+1=Ois: /EAMCET 1994] (a) cos (4/5) (b) tan” (4/5) (©) 0 (d) 2 2. The lines joining the points of intersection of curve Sx? + 12xy — 8y? + 8x — dy +12 = 0 and the line x — y = 2 to the origin, makes the angles with the aves: (@) 30° and 45° (©) Equal (b) 45°and 60° (@) Parallel to aves . The distance between the parallel lines 9x? — Gxy + y+ 18x —6y + 8= Dis [Roorkee 1989] (@ Wid () 2/Vi0 © aio @ Vio€.40 Pair of StraightLines 2 10. i. 12. The area of the triangle formed by the line 4x? — 9xy — 9y? = 0 and x = 2 is: @2 (b) 3 (c) 10/3 (d) 20/3 Equation 3x7 + 7xy + 2y° + Sx + 3p +2 represents: (@) Pair of st. lines (b) Ellipse (©) Hyperbola (@) None of these If the point (2, 3) lies on Kx y~2=0,then K is equal to: @ 17 (b) 16 ©7 @ 12 The angle between the two straight lines 2x* —Sxy #2y?— 3x 43y +1 = Os: (a) 45° (b) 60° © wan @ tan! 3y2 + 2x + ‘A line passing through (1, 0) intersects the curve 2x° + Sy*— 7x = 0 in A and B. Then AB subtends at the origin an angle: (a) 30° (b) 45° © 60° @ 90° If the equation Ax? + 2Bxy + Cy? + Dx + Ey + F = 0 represents a pair of straight lines, then (b) =0 @ None of these The equation &x°+ Sey + 2y? + 26x + 13y + 15 = 0 represents a pair of straight lines. The distance between them is: @ IWS () 7/2N5 © 75 (@) None of these If the angle between the two lines represented by 2x? + Sxy + 3y? 46x + 7p + 4=0 is tan! m, then m = PMNR 1993] (@) WS (1 © 75 @7 The point of intersection of the lines repre- sented by the equation 6x+ Sxy~ 2ly? + 13x + 38y— 5 =Ois: @ a.) (© (17/23, 32/23) (b) (5/23, - 7/23) @ (32/23, 17/23) 13. 14, 16. 17. 18. 19. If ax? ~ y? + dv ~ y = 0 represents a pair of lines then a = [Karnataka CET 2004] (@) -16 (b) 16 @4 @-4 If the angle between the pair of straight lines represented by the equation x? — 3xy + Ay? + 3x —Sy +2 = 0 is tan (1/3) where “A! is a non negative real number. Then 2 is [Orissa JEE 2002] (@)2 (b) 0 ©3 @1 The lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the line y = mx + ¢ and the circle x? + y*= a? will be mutually perpendieu- lar, if: [Roorkee 197] @ @or+ =e (b) a? (m1) =c* © @ (w+ 1)=2e2 (d) a? (m* = 1) = 2c? Distance between the pair of lines represented by the equation x? 6xy + 9y? + 3x—9y—4= Ois © wt 5 1 > (d) —— © 7] @ ig The joint equation of the straight lines x + y= 1 and x—y= 4is: (@) #-y* ) e-y=4 (©) @+y-1)@-y-4)=0 @ @+ytI@-y+4)=0 The point of intersection of the lines repre~ sented by equation 2(x + 2)? + 3(x + 2) (v— 2) ~2-2)°=0is: @ 2,2) () 2,2) © (2.2 @Q-2 If Ax? — Sxy + 6? + x ~ 3y = O represents a pair of straight lines, then their point of intersec- tion is: IMPPET-2010] @) (1,3) () Gl, ~3) ©) GB.) @ 3,41)Pair of Straight Lines 2 €.41 WORKSHEET: TO CHECK THE PREPARATION LEVEL Important Instructions Th v The answer sheet is immediately below the worksheet. The test is of 15 minutes, ‘The worksheet consists of 15 questions. The maximum marks are 45 Use Blue/Black Ball point pen only for writing particulars/marking responses. Use of pencil is strictly prohibited. The angle between the lines x? ~ xy ~ 6y? — 7x 4+3ly-18=0is: [Karnataka CET 2003] (@) 45° (b) 60° © 90° (@ 30° The equation 12x? + Txy + ay? + 13x—y +3 = 0 represents a pair of perpendicular lines. Then the value of ‘a' is [Karnataka CET 2001] (@) 7/2 (b) 19 (©) -12 @ 12 If the slope of one of the lines represented by ax? + hey + b? = 0 be the square of the other, then: (a) a°b + ab 6abh + 8h =0 (b) a’b + ab? + 6abh + 8h°=0 (©) a*b+ab*- 3abh+ 8h°=0 (@) a°b + ab 6abh — 8h'=0 The angle between the lines joining the points of intersection of line y = 3x + 2 and the curve xo + xy + 3)? + 4x + 8y—11 =O to the origin, is: (@) tan'(3/2V2) © tan'(y3) (b) tan“'(2V2/3) @ tan'(2y2) The lines represented by the equation x? +2y3xy + 3y? -3x-3y3y-4=0, are: (a) Perpendicular to each other (b) Parallel (c) Inclined at 45° to each other (@) None of these ‘The equations of the lines represented by the ‘equation ax? + (a + b) xy + by?+x + y=Oare: (@) ax + by #1=0,x+y=0 (b) ax + by-Ix ty=0 10. ul. 12. 13. © ax + by +1=0,x-y=0 (@) None of these Point of intersection of the straight lines 6x°+ Ixy + 12y? + 22x + 3ly + 20 = is: (a) (2.0) (b) (2,0) © a.) @ 2) If equation 3x + xy — y? — 3x + Gy + k=0 represents a pair of lines, then k is equal to: @9 1 0 @-9 The pair of straight lines joining the ori- gin to the points of intersection of the line y=2¥2x+c and the circle x7 + y*= 2 are at right angles, if: (@) &-4=0 (b) @-8=0 (©) -9=0 (@) &-10=0 If the equation ax?+2hxy + by?+ 2ex + 2fy +e = 0 represents two parallel straight lines, then: (@) alh=hib = gif (b) distance between them =2,|-8—2¢ ‘a(a+b) (©) distance between them =2 |--—% b(a+6) @ Allare correct Pair of lines ax + 2hxy + by? = 0 is equally inclined to the pair of lines which is: (@) ax? + 2g + B= (b) ax +2h (a + b)x + by (©) a2 +2h (a +b)xy + byt Me +y)=0 @) a’x? + 2h(a+b)xy +b37= 0 ‘A second degree hemogeneous equation in x and y always represents: (a) Apair of st. lines (©) Aconie section (b) Acircle (@ None of these The equation of the pair of straight lines through the (2, 1) and perpendicular to the is; [SCRA- 2007] (@) None of these€.42 Pair of Straight Lines 2 14. Equation of pair of straight lines drawn through (1, 1) and "to the pair of lines 3x? — 15. Distance between two lines represented by the pair of straight lines x — 6xy + 9)? + 3x —9y— Tay — 2y?= 0: 4=0is IMPPET-2009] (@) 28+ Ix 11x +6=0 1 5 ) 2@-1F +7 @-D@-)-37=0 @ > ob) ab © 2-18-7e-DO-D)-3@-1k=0 (@) None of these © vio @ £ ANSWER SHEET 1@OO@ 6@0O®@O 1. ©@OOO 2@00O@ 7.@0QO®O - ®@OOO 2@0O@ 8 @OO@ 1B. @@Q@O@O 4@@®O@ »@@OO®@ 4.@@O@ 5@@0O®@ 0. @®@O@ 15.©@®O@ HINTS AND EXPLANATIONS 3. (a) Let slopes of pair of lines ax? + 2hxy + => XH Day + 3)? + Qny - 6x? + dy? — L2y, by?=0 be m and m> 62490469) =0 mene = @; 4 mam b Cubing () we get m+ (m+ 3mm + me a (a) ,3a(-2h)_ 8h 24{2) 422/ ="). (5) aa & ab? + a*b — 6abh + 8h = 0 4, (b) Homegenising we get yo3x 24 Day + By + de = ore }eyfaeat} 4 4 66 8+" |=0 ofa) - 243} > Itsy +y=0 2¥P =?) -T+1 . (a) Given equation ax? + (a + b) xy + by? +x +y=0 ax’ + bry + xt axy + by?+y=0 x(ax + by +1) +y(ax + by +1) =0 (& +») (@x + by +1) =0 Lines are x + y=0 and ax + by +1=0 u tan@= > x8] _ 292 3 6 2Part D CircleLECTURE Circle 1 (Equation of circle in various forms) BASIC CONCEPTS QUATION OF A CIRCLE IN DIFFERENT CASES 1. Simplest or standard form The equation of a circle whose centre is (0, 0) and radius a is. vtya@ 2. Central form The equation of a circle whose centre is (H, k) and radius a is (—h)* + (v— =a 3. Zero or Point circle The equation of a circle whose radius is zero is x? + y* = 0 or (xh)? + O-kP=0 4. The equation of a circle whose centre is (h, k) and the circle passes through the point (p, @) is (AY +O bP = (PhP + q-k 5. The equation of a circle whose centre is (h, k) and the circle touches x-axis (k= a= radius and h¢ Wis (x—hP +P =P 6. The equation of a circle whose centre is (h, k) and the circle touches y-axis (=a =radius and hf Kis (eh) + (V—kF 7. The equation of circle whose centre is (h, k) and the circle touches both the axis (= is(x—a)'+(y—a)=a? NOTE Ifa is constant then the number of circles in each touching both axes one in each quadrant will be 4. 8. The equation of circle which touches both the axis and line x= 2c is (x — 0)? + (y Fo = 0? 9. The equation of circle which touches both the axis and line x = 2c and y = 2c is (x ~ o)? + (-ot=ct 10, The equation of cirele which passes through origin (0, 0) and cuts the intercepts 2a and 2b ‘on both the axes is (x — a)? + (y— b)? =a? + B orx? +> 2ax ~ 2hy =0 centre (a, b), radius = vai +b NOTE This circle also passes through three points (0, 0), (2a, 0) and (0, 26). 11. The equation of circle which touches x-axis at a distance of a unit from the origin and cut the intercept 6 on y-axis is (x — a)? + 2 2 NOTE This circle passes through point (a, 0) 12. The centre and radius of circle which touches ‘y-axis at point (0, a) and cuts the intercept b on x-axis isDA Circle 1 centre 2 4a? +b* V4a? +8 78 | radius = SS 13. Diameter form of a circle ‘The equation of circle whose diameter ends coordinates are (x,, y,) and B (x,, y,) is @—x,) =x) + V-yO-y)=0 centre +% 2th 2 2 radius = 5 (65,29 + 6-9 NOTES 1. Radius of circle which passes through points AGy,,y,) and B(x, »,) is minimum if 4 and B are ends of diameter. 2. y = mx be a chord of the cirele x? + then, equation of the circle taking this chord as. ee 20 2am diameter is x? +)? — 14. General equation of a circle S+ytt grt Ypto=0 centre (-g,—f), radius NOTES 1, Ifcircle is real then g?+f*=c 2. If circle is point circle then g? +f? 3. If circle is imaginary then g' +f? wW=2 > #1 When h= 1, then from (3), k= 3—h=3-1=2 Hence, the centre of the circle is (1, 2) and its equation is (x ~ 1° + @”—2)'= 10 When f = -1, then from (3), k= 3 —h = Ch k=4. Hence, the centre of the circle is (-1, 4) and its equation is (x - 1)? + Q~ 4° = 10 3. If the distance of a point P from (6, 0) is twice its distance from the point (1, 3) prove that the locus of P is a circle. Find its centre and radius. Solution Let the given points be 4 (6, 0) and B(1, 3). Let, P(x, y) be any point such that |P4 = 2 |PB| = PA=4PB 2 OF Y-OF= 4+ 0-39} > 3x4 By? 4x —24y +4=0 4 4 3 Style 3x-8y45=0, which is of the form xe tyP + 2er + 2fy += 0, with 4 f= -8c=5 f= Bens 3 Circle 1 D5: Since, g*+f? therefore, locus of P is a circle with centre 4} nasa = ae ia 2 na 9 3 4. Find the equation of the circle passing through the points (4, 1) and (6, 5) and whose centre is on the line 4x + y = 16 INCERT] Solution Let the equation of the circle be +P tyr t Bt o=0 @ As the points (4, 1) and (6, 5) lie on (i), therefore, 4° + 1? + 8¢ + 2/+e=0 > 8g+2fto=-I7 @ and 6?+5?+ 12g + 10/+e=0 > 12g+lYf+e=-61 Git) Subtracting (iii) from (ii), we get ~4g—8f=-17 +61 = 4g+8f=—44 > gt+2f=-ll (iv) Also, the centre (-g, -) of (i) lies on the line axty=16 = 4(-9)-f=16 = 4g+f=-l6 ) ‘Multiplying (v) by 2 and subtracting it from (iv), ‘we obtain g + 2f— 2 (4g + )=-11-2 16) = -Ig=21 = g=3 Substituting this value of g in (iv), we get -3+2f=-l1 = Y=-1143 Substituting g =—3, f= —4 in (ii), we obtain = -17-8g- 2f=-17-8(-3)-2-4)= 15 Hence, the required equation of the circle in reference is x? +y? + 2(-3)x + 2C-4y + 15 =0 (from (i)) or +)? 6x—By + 15=0