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IC-MSQUARE 2021 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2090 (2021) 012093 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2090/1/012093

The Bessel function J0 in fractional differential

equations
Jorge Olivares Funes
Department of Mathematics, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta-Chile
E-mail: jorge.olivares@uantof.cl

Elvis Valero Kari

Department of Mathematics, Universidad de Tarapacá, Universidad Mayor de San Andres
E-mail: ervalero@fcpn.edu.bo; evalero@academicos.uta.cl

Pablo Martin
Department of Phisic, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta-Chile
E-mail: pablo.martin@uantof.cl

Abstract.
Spherical Bessel functions have many important applications in engineering, optic and
science. In this work, wich is a continuation of the error function in fractional differential
equations, it is shown how solve the fractional differential equation

dα y
= j0 (x), y (k) (0) = 0, k = 0, . . . m − 1, with m − 1 < α ≤ m, m ∈ N,
dxα
where the nonhomogenous part is the function Bessel spherical J0 (x).

Keywords: Fractional calculus; Differential equations; Caputo; Laplace transform.

1. Introduction
We will propose to stablish in a pleasant and friendly way the various relationships that can
made between the spherical Bessel function J0 (x) and the fractional differential equations with
the Caputo definition and the Laplace transform.

2. Solution via Caputo the Laplace transform

Let the differential equation be
dα y
= j0 (x),
dxα
with
y (k) (0) = 0, k = 0, . . . m − 1
Where α is a nonnegative fraction α assumes values that vary between m − 1 and m ∈ N. The
spherical Bessel function J0 (x) is the nonhomogeneous part of the differential equation.

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IC-MSQUARE 2021 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2090 (2021) 012093 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2090/1/012093

The first step is apply the Laplace transform to both sides of the equation. The second step
will be to separate the function Y (s), and then carry out the inverse Laplace transform.
Caputo’s definition of fractional derivatives is considered in this work.
So let us consider applying TL
m−1  
α
X
α−k−1 (k) −1 1
s Y (s) − s y (0) = tan
s
k=0

With the initial condition y (k) (0) = 0, the Laplace transform Y (s) becomes

tan−1 (1/s)
Y (s) = .
sα
The inverse transform of Y (s) is given by
 2

xα 2 F3 12 , 1; 23 , α2 + 21 , α2 + 1; − x4
y(x) =
αΓ(α)
The solution
 2

1 3 α
xα 2 F3 2 , 1; 2 , 2 + 21 , α2 + 1; − x4
αΓ(α)
is the generalized hypergeometric

p Fq (α1 , . . . , αp ; b1 , . . . bq ; z)

With the parameters ... they are same in call cases together with the independent variable
x2/4 . Considering analysis of the above functions, in the equations

dα+1 y dα+2 y
= j 0 (x), = j0 (x)
dxα+1 dxα+2
with the initial data equal to zero, in both expressions.
Then the solutions are in
 2

xα+1 2 F3 21 , 1; 32 , α2 + 23 ; − x4
Yα+1
(α + 1)Γ(α + 1)
and in
 2

1 3 α
xα+2 2 F3 2 , 1; 2 , 2 + 23 ; α2 + 2; − x4
Yα+2 =
(α + 2)Γ(α + 2)
If we look at the hypergeometric solutions Yα (x), Yα+1 (x), Yα+2 (x). The terms are differents
in all solutions, and this why we propose thinking to inductively that when we have n ∈ N.
dα+n y (k) (0) = 0.
The equations dx α+n = j0 (x), with the initial conditions y
This the solutions willbe
 2

xα+n 2 F3 12 , 1; n2 + α2 + 12 , n2 + α2 + 1; − x4
Yα+n =
(α + n)Γ(α + n)

2
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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2090 (2021) 012093 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2090/1/012093

3. Examples
Example 1
d2 y 0
Let dx 2 = j0 (x), with y(0) = y (0) = 0, then

y(x) = xSi (x) + cos(x) − 1

.

Figure 1.

Example 2
d3 y 0 00
Let dx 3 = j0 (x), with y(0) = y (0) = y (0) = 0, then

1
y(x) = (x2 Si (x) − 2x + sin(x) + x cos(x))
2

Figure 2.

3
IC-MSQUARE 2021 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2090 (2021) 012093 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2090/1/012093

Example 3
d4 y 0 00 000
Let dx 4 = j0 (x) with y(0) = y (0) = y (0) = y (0) = 0, then

1
y(x) = [x3 Si(x) − 3x2 + (x2 − 2) cos(x) + x sin(x) + 2].
6

Figure 3.

Example 4
1
d2 y
Let 1 = j0 (x) with y(0) = 0, then
dx 2
√
π p √ p √
y(x) = √ [C( (2/π) x)2 + S( (2/π) x)2 ]
x

Figure 4.

4
IC-MSQUARE 2021 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2090 (2021) 012093 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2090/1/012093

4. Conclusion
The purpose of this paper has been to show the enormous connection that established between
the fractional differential equations and the spherical Bessel function J0 (x), in order to be able
to see new applications in various areas of science and engineering in the very near future.

5. References
[1] F.G. Mittri, R.X. Li; L.X. Guo; C. Y. Ding. (2017). Optical tractor Bessel polarized beams. Journal of
Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer.
[2] Jorge Olivares Funes, Elvis Valero Kari, Pablo Martin and Fernando Maass (2019). The error function in
fractional differential equations. J. Phys. Conf Ser., 1391, 012059.
[3] Baojin Wang, Zhiyuan Liu, Shengo Eben Li and Scoot-Jason Moure (2017). State-of-Charge Estimation for
Lithiumlon Batteries Based on a Non Linear Fractional Model. IEEE Trans. Control. Syst. Technol., 25,
3-11 (2017)..