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Competencies :
• The students illustrate the six trigonometric ratios: sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant,
and cotangent. (M9GE–IVa–1)
Learning Expectations
This module was designed to help you understand and familiarize the concept of the six trigonometric
ratios. By doing this module, you are expected to:
a. familiarize the six trigonometric ratios;
b. differentiate the six trigonometric ratios; and
c. apply these ratios to solve problems that involve real-life situations.
Pre - test
I. Let us find out how much you already know about the topics in this module. Read each
question/statement carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.
4
10. If tan 𝜃 = 5, then 𝜃 is equal to what degree in whole number?
a. 300 c. 800
b. 450 d. 390
II. Identify the equivalent of the following trigonometric ratio given the figure below.
𝜃 10
6
1. sin 𝜃 = 4. csc 𝜃 =
2. cos 𝜃 = 5. sec 𝜃 =
3. tan 𝜃 = 6. cot 𝜃 =
In the previous lesson, you have learned how to find the unknown side/s of a triangle using
Pythagorean Theorem. There are also Special Right Triangles wherein you can find the length of other
sides given only one of the sides.
Pythagorean Theorem:
In a right triangle, the sides adjacent to the right angle are sides a and b,
they are called legs while the longest side c opposite to the right angle is called
hypotenuse.
A
c
b Formula:
C B 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
a
MATH 9 QUARTER 4 WEEK 1 P a g e 2 | 10
Special Right Triangles:
b (adjacent to 𝜃) 1
sec 𝜃 =
cos 𝜃
The six trigonometric ratios are:
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
sin 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 csc 𝜃 = 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 1
cos 𝜃 = sec 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 tan 𝜃
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
tan 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 cot 𝜃 = 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
I. Use the figure below to complete the six trigonometric ratios: sine, cosine, tangent,
cosecant, secant, and cotangent.
5
3
4
1. sin 𝜃 = ------ 4. csc 𝜃 = -----
3 5
Answer: Answer:
5 3
Note: Make sure that your scientific calculator is in degree (deg) mode.
II. Use your calculator to find the value of the following.
• Press tan 45 = 𝑥 −1 =
Answer: 1
7. cos 𝜃 = 0.5
• Press 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 0.5 =
Answer: 𝟔𝟎𝟎
8. sec 𝜃 = 1.5557
• Press 1.5557 𝑥 −1 = 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 cos =
Answer: 49.999… or 𝟓𝟎°
9. sin 𝜃 = 0.5736
• Press 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 0.5736 =
Answer: 35.0016… or 𝟑𝟓°
10. cot 𝜃 = 0.4663
• Press 0.4663 𝑥 −1 = 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 tan =
S
1. Find the degree measure of ∠𝑆 using the trigonometric ratio.
Solution: We can only use Sine since the given are opposite of ∠𝑆 and the hypotenuse.
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
sin 𝑆 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
4
sin 𝑆 =
5
sin 𝑆 = 0.8
To compute for the measure of ∠𝑆
Solution: Since ∠𝐵 is the reference angle, we can only use Cosine because the given are leg
adjacent to it and the hypotenuse.
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
cos 𝐵 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
4
cos 𝐵 =
5
cos 𝐵 = 0.8
BS – hypotenuse
BH and SH – legs
√25 − 16 = √(𝑆𝐻)2
√9 = √(𝑆𝐻)2
3 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 = 𝑆𝐻
The length of SH is 3 units.
h 7m
450
Given:
Distance from the top of the tree to the end of the shadow (hypotenuse) = 7 meters
Reference angle is 450
Solution:
Since the tree is opposite to 450, it is considered as the opposite side. In that case, the
sides needed were opposite and hypotenuse which corresponds to the trigonometric
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
ratio sin 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒.
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
sin 𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
ℎ
sin 450 =
7
ℎ
7 (sin 450 = ) 7 Use Multiplication Property of Equality
7
Activities
Given Value
1. sin 350
2. cos 400
3. tan 750
4. csc 500
5. sec 800
6. cot 300
7. sin 300
8. tan 450
9. cos 250
10. sec 250
Column A Column B
1. sin 𝜃 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
5. cos 𝜃 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
6. csc 20 0 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
7. csc 𝜃 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
8. cot 𝜃 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
9. tan 360 2.9238
Remember
2. The two legs of a right triangular lot are 5 meters and 12 meters with a reference angle
opposite to the longer leg. What is the trigonometric ratio using tangent?
4. sin 𝜃 = _______
5. csc 𝜃 = _______
6. cos 𝜃 = _______
7. sec 𝜃 = _______
8. tan 𝜃 = _______
9. cot 𝜃 = _______
10. What is the degree measure of the reference angle 𝜃? (Use any of the six trigonometric ratios.
Final answer should be in a whole number)
Post – test
I. Let us find out how much you already know about the topics in this module. Read each
question/statement carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Using a calculator, evaluate sin 650.
a. 0.9063 c. 0.9163
b. 0.9066 d. 0.9156
a. 0.5592 c. 1
b. 1.7883 d. 0.8290
5. In the six trigonometric ratios, what is the equivalent of cos 𝜃?
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
a. ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
c. ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
ℎ𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
b. 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
d. 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝜃 10
6