Online Course with Ronald M H

Projectile Motion-Modul 2
• In the projectile motion, the object move into
2 direction, namely x direction and y direction
• Motion towards x axis is rectilinear motion
meanwhile motion towards y axis is non
rectilinear motion
• A particle moves in a vertical plane with some initial velocity vo (or some says vi) but its acceleration is
always the free fall accelaration g, which is downward. Such a particle is called a projectile and its
motion is called projectile motion

The projectile is launched with an initial velocity that can be written as


v0  v0 x iˆ  v0 y ˆj v0 x  v0 cos and v0 y  v0 sin 

vf x  vf  vf y  0
vf f 0
vf y

f vf x
v0 vf x f
v0 y ymaximum

vf y vf
vf x

v0 x xmaximum
f

vf y vf
vf x
ymaximum
Maximum height occurs when vfy = 0 f
xmaximum
Maximum distance occurs when yf = 0 vf y vf
 Projectile motion Analyzed
The Horizontal Motion
Because there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction, the horizontal component v x of the
projectile's velocity remains unchanged from its initial value V 0x throughout the motion. At any
time t, the projectile's honzontal displacement x – x 0 from an initial position x0 is given by
Equation with a = 0, which we write as
x f  x0  v xt x f  x0  v0 cos .t distance at any time
Final velocity towards x axis is ame at any time  vxf  v x  v0 cos 
The Vertical Motion
we substitute -g for a and switch to y notation.
1 2 1 2
y f  y0  v0 y t  gt y f  y 0  ( v0 sin  )t  gt Height at any time
2 2
v  v sin   gt
fy 0
Final velocity at any time in the y axis
2
v fy  v0 y  2 gt
2
 v fy  (v0 sin  ) 2  2 g ( y  y0 )
2 Final velocity at any time
 The Maximum Distance
Maximum distance occurs when yf = 0 Assume we shoot from the ground so y0 = 0 and x0 = 0
1 2 1
y f  y0  (v0 sin  )t 
gt  0  (v0 sin  )t  gt 2
2 2
1 2v sin  2v sin 
v0 sin   gt  t  0  t x max  0 Time to reach the ground
2 g g 2
x f  x0  v xt 2 v sin  v 2 sin  cos 
x f  v0 cos  . 0  xf  0
g g
v sin 2
2

Since 2 sin  cos  sin 2  x f max  0 Maximum distance

g
The Maximum Height

Time to reach maximum distance is half times to reach maximum distance

1 v sin 
t y max  t x max  t y max  0 Time to reach maximum height
2 g
v sin 
Or vfy = 0 then v fy  v0 sin   gt  0  v0 sin   gt  t  0
g
The maximum height is obtained by put that time to the equation of heigh
1 v sin  1 v sin  2
y f  y0  (v0 sin  )t  gt 2  y f  (v0 sin  )( 0 )  g( 0 )
2 g 2 g
 v0 sin 2  1 v0 sin 2  v0 sin 2 
2 2 2
yf    y f max  The maximum height
g 2 g 2g

Velocity at any time

v f  v xf iˆ  v yf ˆj  v f  v xf  v yf
2 2

Angle at any time

v yf v yf
tan  f    f  a tan( )
v xf v xf
Projectile Motion in Horizontal Direction
 0 v0

vf x
f
y0

vf y

f vf x

x f max

vf y
 The Horizontal Motion
The elevation angle in the horizontal is zero (q = 0o). The equation for the horizontal motion is
x f  x0  v x t
x f  x0  v0 cos .t  x f  x0  v0 .t (since cos 00  1) distance at any time
Final velocity towards x axis is ame at any time  v xf  v x  v0

The Vertical Motion

we substitute -g for a and switch to y notation.
1 1 1
y f  y0  v0 y t  gt 2 y f  y0  (v0 sin  )t  gt 2  y f  y0  0  gt 2
2 2 2
1
y f  y0  gt 2 Height at any time
2
v fy  v0 sin   gt  v fy   gt Final velocity at any time in the y axis
 The Maximum Distance
Maximum distance occurs when yf = 0
1 2 1 2 y0
y f  y0  gt  y0  gt 2  t  Time to reach the ground
2 2 g
x f  x0  v x t 2 y0
x f  v0 Maximum distance
g
Velocity at any time

v f  v xf iˆ  v yf ˆj  v f  v xf  v yf
2 2

Angle at any time

v yf v yf
tan  f    f  a tan( )
v xf v xf
Homeworks Module 2