English for Undergraduate:

Preparation Course for the

TOEFL

Joko Samiaji, Ph.D.

 Who am I?
• Joko Samiaji, Ir., M.Sc., Ph.D.
– Born: Boyolali/1st Oct. 1965
– Address: Citra Prima St. # F/16
Tampan Permai, Tuah Karya,
Tampan, Pekanbaru
– B. Sc. (Hon): Aquatic Resources,
UNHAS Makassar (1983-87)
– M. Sc.: Marine Biology, Mt. Allison
Univ., Sackville, Canada (1992-94)
– Ph. D.: Oceanography, University of
Southampton, England (1997-2001)
– Postdoctoral: Marine Ecology, ZMT
University of Bremen, Germany
(2002-03)
 Course Objectives
• Preparing the students to achieve a TOEFL
score of ≥ 450 in a shorter period compared
with previous years;
• Equipping the students in taking the Course
of English for Marine Science (will be taught
in Semester IV);
• Facilitating the students to have a better
comprehension in English, thus they may be
entering the job market with better
competency.
 Course Contract
• Students must attend the class on time (10
minutes flexibility);
• Students may wear appropraite clothing (no
sandals, no t-shirt) and may not activate the
mobile phone during the classes;
• Being active in the class is mostly advisable
 Course Contract
• Marking:
– Mid-term Exam (UTS by UP2B = 30%)
– Final Exam (UAS by UP2B = 40%)
– Assignments and Quizes (25%)
– Attendance (5%)
– Motivation and etiquette
 Methods of Teaching
• Lecturer is delivering the topics through:
– Reading
– Vocabulary
– Grammar
– Listening
– Strategy to working with TOEFL test
– Available related English materials
 Sources
• Literatures:
– TOEFL preparation books for Elementry
– TOEFL preparation books for Intermediate 1
– TOEFL preparation books for Intermediate 2
– TOEFL preparation books for Advance
– Related reading and exercise materials
 Topic 1
• Course Contract
• Course methods and materials
• Contents Week 1:
– Reading (An Environmental Engineer)
– Vocabulary
– Present Continous Tense
– Irregular Verbs
– Compound Words
 An Environmental Engineer
Stephen martinez is an environmental engineer.
He works in many places, both inside and outside. He
works for companies and the government. Today he is
looking for dangerous gas and other toxic subtances.
Sometimes they have no taste or smell, but they can
poison people, animals, or plants. He is testing the
dirt, air and water near a large factory. He is digging
a hole. He is using special tools to collect samples.
Many countries need environmental engineers. In the
modern world, more governments are paying for
cleaner environment. They do not want factories to
pollute the earth, air or the water. They also want
factories to store toxic substances in a safe way.
 An Environmental Engineer

Now Stephen Martinez is covering the

holes and finishing the tests. He is
studying the mixture and lying down his
tools. He is finished for the day. Now he
can relax. Today is a good day for the
company. Stephen Martinez did not find
any toxic substances. Unlike another
factory yesterday, this factory is clean. It is
not polluting the air, water, or soil. It is safe
for animals, plants, birds, and other living
things.
 unlike
Vocabulary New Context engineer
toxic
1. Some farmers have to ... a well to get water.
samples
2. A mechanic uses ... to fix cars.
dirty
3. Please ... your books on the table.
lay
4. Alan has to clean his aprtment because it is
very ... factory
5. There is a ... in my shoe. hole
6. ... oranges, dates can grow in the desert. bottles
7. ... the pans when cooking will save the dig
energy. tools
8. Air, water and soil are part of our ... environment
9. That ... makes rubber tires. substances
10. ... make you sick if you eat or drink them. pollutes
11. Ali is studying at the university to become mixture
an ... cover
 Present Continuous Tense
• Used for something that is happening right now.
• Rule:
– use am, is, or are and the-ing form (be+ v-ing)
– use 1-1-1 rule: shop (shopping)
– if the verb ends in e, drop than add -ing: live (living)
– if the verb ends in ie, change the ie to y: lie (lying)
– if the verb ends in y, don't make any changes: fly (flying)
– most words just simply added with ing: crack (cracking)
• Examples:
– A bird is flying toward the south.
– The fish are swimming in the ocean.
– I am attending the English class now.
 Irregular Verbs
Simple Past Simple Past

become became fly flew

buy bought think thought
fight fought see saw
bring brought drive drove
swim swam sing sang
feel felt swing swung
find found cut cut
understand understood dive dove
 Un- means not
1. A water spider is ... It lives only in happy
Europe and parts of Asia. hurt
2. Yan often ... to people so he is ... popular
People don't like him because he is not afraid
nice to them.
like
3. Carol is only twelve years old. She was
kind
alone in the house during the storm
and she was ... cover
4. The baby fell off a chair but she was ... common
 Compound Words
Column A Column B Column C
1. under a. light
2. near b. mate
3. sun c. work
4. sun d. water
5. spring e. food
6. under f. not
7. room g. by
8. sea h. time
9. home i. line
10. come j. rise
 Topic 2
• Contents:
– Reading (A Human Resources Manager)
– Vocabulary
– Comprehension
– Main Idea
– Past Continous Tense
– Irregular Verbs
 A Human Resources Manager
Wanda Cheung is a human resources manager. She
works for a large company. Right now she is reaching a
class. Her students are not children but adults. They
are managers. They are learning how to talk with the
workers and how to help them. They are finding the
answers for the worker's questions. Modern companies
understand that workers are people. Happy people
work better and are more productive than unhappy
workers. Wanda's job is to keep both the workers and
the managers happy. Her job is also to motivate the
workers. She is doing a good job. Her company is
twenty percent more productive now than it was before.
 A Human Resources Manager
Now Wanda Cheung is sitting at her desk in her
office. Many applications from people who want to
be workers are lying on the desk. Letters from
workers and managers also reach her office. It is
the end of the day, and Wanda Cheung is tired. It is
dark outside and a storm is coming. A worker from
the office below Wanda's office is saying goodnight.
 Vocabulary reach
1. University students are not children. They adults
are ... humans
2. The people in the apartment ... ours are very
noisy. manager
3. If you want to attend university, you have to below
send an ... storm
4. The plane will ... New York at 5:15.
dark
5. There was a bad ... with hard rain last night.
6. Dan is swimming and Tom is ... on the beach.
lying
7. If the worker eats and sleeps well she will be motivates
more ... application
8. The workers are ..., not animals. daylight
9. After the sun sets, it gets ... outside.
productive
10. The money they earn ... many people to do a
good job.
 Comprehension
1. Wanda Cheung's students are:
a. engineers; b. managers; c. companies; d. families
2. Wanda Cheung wants the ... to be happy.
a. workers; b. managers; c. children; d. a and b
3. The company is ... more productive now than it was
before it had a human resources manager.
a. 20%; b. 30%; c. 50%; d. 10%
4. The human resources manager has to ... the workers
a. listen to; b. understand; c. motivate; d. all of these
5. Wanda was mostly graduated from the faculty of:
a. Science; b. Economics; c. Law; d. Polical Studies
 Main Idea
• From the text:
– Unhappy people work poorly.
– Human resources managers make companies
better.
• From the lecturer:
– Industrious students study productively.
– Managers are high income workers.
 Past Continuos Tense
• It shows something that continued to happen
in the past:
– General Rule: use was/were + ...ing
– Examples:
• At 07:00 yesterday, Febryan (shave) was shaving.
• Woro and Gandi (shop) were shopping tonight
• Yoga, Nur and Fariz (consult) were consulting to Dr.
Joko Samiaji each semester.
• The shrimp (mate) was mating during the night time.
 Past Continuos Tense
• One action interrupted another action:
– Rule: when + past, while + past continuos
– Examples:
• While Joko (count) was counting the money, Jaka (call)
called him.
• Ali (type) was typing when the doorbell (ring) rang.
• Saul (come) was coming while Ardi slept.
• Anggi (dive) was diving when the shark passed the
shore line.
 Irregular Verbs
• The past forms: • Exercise the past
– choose (chose)
tense:
– – be
leave (left)
– – blow
spend (spent)
– – do
send (sent)
– – get
put (put)
– – know
dig (digged)
– – ring
meet (met)
– – begin
fall (fell)
– – cut
sleep (slept)
– – find
understand
(understood) – give
– sell
 Topic 3
• Contents:
– Reading (Computer Information Specialist)
– Vocabulary
– Comprehension: True or False
– Past Perfect Tense
– TOEFL Exercise
 A Computer Information Specialist
Edy Santana is a computer information
specialist. Right now he is teaching a class about
computers. He is teaching the workers how to
change part of computer. The computer is upside
down, so he is holding on to it.
In Mr. Santana's class, the students are
learning to relax. They feel afraid of the computers.
Now, they have computers beside them. Some of
them are very nervous.
In room with computers, the temperature has
to be exactly right, not too high and not too low. No
dirt at all can get into the computers. For example,
one worker cannot use his computer now because
he is eating a sandwich.
 A Computer Information Specialist
Computer information specialists do many
different jobs. They have to invent ways to
computers to help managers and workers in
all parts of company. They also tell the
company when to buy new computers and
what kind to buy.
Efficient use of computers can make
companies more productive. Computer
information specialists try to make the whole
system human and electronic, work efficiently.
 Vocabulary electronic
system
1. ...use of computers can make companies
more productive. sandwich
upside
2. The computer is ..., so he is ...to it.
down
3. No dirt ...can get into the computers. computer
4. Edy Santana is a ...information ... at all
5. In rooms with computers, the ...has to be specialist
exactly right, not too high and not too ...
efficient
6. A worker cannot use his computer now low
because he is eating ...
invent
7. They have to ...ways for computer to help
holding on
managers and workers in the company.
tempera-
8. Computer information specialists try to ture
make the whole ...human.
 Vocabulary (new context) electronics
system
1. The water ...in that tank is very good.
sandwich
2. Alvin is studying ...at the university. upside
3. Most governments are not very ... down
4. If you can't find a seat on the bus, you computer
have to ...to something. at all
specialist
5. A hearing-impaired person cannot hear
efficient
anything ...
low
6. The ...is high today. It is 40 ºC.
invented
7. We had ...for lunch on the way back here. hold on
8. Edy is a ..., he takes care only of heart. tempera-
9. Scientists ...a new way to make rubber. ture
 Comprehension: True/False
1. Edy Santana is teaching workers how to make
sandwich.
2. Computers have to be very clean.
3. A computer specialists can change parts of a
computer.
4. Some students are afraid of computers.
5. Workers can learn to relax with computers.
6. A computer works well in a hot room.
7. Computers are electronics.
8. Edy Santana loves her job as computer information
specialist.
 Grammar: Perfect Aspect
Tense Form Example

Present Perfect have/has + I have been there

past participle three times.
Past Perfect had + past Neither of us had
participle been there.
Future Perfect will have + We will have given
past participle our turn.
 Simple Past and Present Perfect Tenses

Simple Past Tense Present Perfect Tense

1. Definitive time: 1. Indefinite/unspecified time

- We went to Batam in 2012. - We have been in Batam before.
2. Cont./completed events/states: 2. Unfinished events/states:
- Bene smoked from 2008 to 2010. - Bene has smoked since 2008.
3. Repeated events: 3. Events likely to continue:
- We reached the top twice in - We have reached the top twice
2012. so far.
4. Recently completed: 4. Finished event + some effects:
- Mitha just bought a new car. - Mitha has just bought a new car,
so she can't afford to take holiday.
 Recognizing activity: Present
Perfect Tense (Exec.)
1. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Museum
in Cleveland has just opened.
2. Investors have spent $90 millions for the
museum.
3. Many people believe that rock and roll
has only been in existence for forty years.
4. Rock and roll fans have visited the
museum several times.
 Time Word: Present Perfect
Use Time Examples
Words
Unfinished until now We haven't had rain until now.
actions up to now We've had good weather up to
so far now.
thus far We've had four storms so far.
They've five children thus far.
Recently just I have just finished my meeting.
completed recently Dony has recently moved.
barely The show has barely begun.
 TOEFL Exercise for
Undergraduate Students
Part I

created and copyright by

Joko Samiaji, Ph.D.
Part A. Choose the correct meaning
1. To procure is to: a. get; b. steal; c. create; d. destroy
2. To maneuver is to: a. mark; b. move; c. provide; d.
guess
3. A statistic is: a. form of electricity; b. type of
computer; c. place to stand; d. fact expressed in
numbers
4. Circumstance is: a. circel; b. neighborhood; c. area;
d. condition
5. Forfeit something means: a. fasten it to something
else; b. give it up; c. pretend to love it; d. criticize
6. Verbose is: a. truthful; b. poisonous; c. wordy; d.
polite
7. A pedestrian is: a. someeone traveling on foot; b.
part of a clock; c. dressed in unusual way; d. doctor
who treats children
8. Restriction is: a. responsibility; b. confusion; c. title;
d. limitation
9. A casualty is: a. an informal dressing; b. someone
killed or injured; c. a greeting; d. a high-speed
highway
10. Prescribed means: a. prevented; b. lost; c. directed;
d. written
11. To endeavor is to: a. try; b. avoid; c. pull apart; d.
show favor fun
12. An erratic movement is: a. entertaining; b.
unbelivable; c. misleading; d. unpredictable
Part B. Identify the incorrect word(s)
1. The stick length for measuring the sea turtle nest
tonight is 8 inch.
2. Andi Mantovani was attending the MSEC first
meeting on the MC-3 room.
3. The first MSEC meeting was held at Friday, 6th
March 2015.
4. Rock and roll fans has visited the museum in
Cleveland several times due to its affordable entrance
fee.
5. Dinara Tiara has just recently move, thus this room
now is available.
6. Awansyah just bought a new car from a shop on
Muhammad Amin St.
7.We have climbed the top twice, so our energy have
all gone.
8.The fish are swimming in the ocean by using the
sunlight to directs them.
9. In rooms with computers, the temperature have to
be exactly right, not too high and not too low.
10. Her company is twenty percent most productive
now than it was before.
11. We went to Batam in January 2015, it means that
neither of us have been there until 2014.
12. Saul was diving in the shalowest coast when the
shark pass the shore line.
13. A workers cannot use his computer now because
he is eating sandwich.
Part C. Please complete these unfinished
sentences with an appropriate answer.
1. Industries that …..the river and sea waters are fined.
2. There are ….feathers on the tail of ‘Garuda’s’ Indonesian logo.
3. Edy Santana’s occupation is as …………….
4. Mr. Naro Nazara was attending a medical school, now he
works as a ……………..
5. We reached the top of Himalayan mountains …… so far, i.e. in
2015 and 2018, respectively.
6. The umbrella of knowledge which discusses about the trading,
transactions, and taxes is …….
7. Riau …. four large rivers, namely Rokan, Siak, Kampar and
Indragiri, respectively.
8. The students shall …. writing the exercise within 30 minutes.
 Topic 4
• Contents:
– Reading (The Polynesians)
– Vocabulary
– Comprehension
– Word Forms: Verbs, Adjectives, Nouns
– Spelling
– TOEFL Exercise
 The Polynesians
The Polynesians were probably the best explorers in
the history of the world. They traveled thousands of
kilometers across the Pacific Ocean in large double
canoes. They could look at the stars and know which
way to go. They also understood the wind and ocean
currents. They made maps of the stars and ocean
currents. They made these maps out of sticks and
shells.
About four thousand years ago a group of people
lived in Southern China. They were a mixture of
white, black, and Mongol people. When the Chinese
moved farther and farther into the South, these
people needed to find safer homes.
 The Polynesians
Slowly these Polynesians left China in their double
canoes and started toward the southeast. They took
animals and plants with them. A group of people
might arrive at an island and stay there until they
have children, grandchildren, and great
grandchildren. Then a few families might start
traveling again. Some canoes went one way and
some another. It took hundreds of years for them to
reach all of the islands in Polynesia.
The Polynesian double canoe is one of the greatest
inventions in history. The Polynesians were among
the greatest sailors in history. They understood how
to sail by the stars, wind, and ocean currents. This
made them great explorers.
 Vocabulary • history
1. The Polynesians were probably the best ... in • maps
the ... of the world. • grand-
2. They also understood the wind and ocean ... children
3. The Polynesian double canoe is one of the ... • canoes
inventions in history. • might
4. The Chinese moved farther and farther into the • currents
south, these people needed to find ... homes. •
southeast
5. A group of people ... arrive at an island and • double
stay there until they had great grandchildren.
• safer
6. They traveled thousands of miles across the
Pacific Ocean in large ... ... • explorer
7. They made ... of the stars and ocean currents. • greatest
8. They made these ... out of sticks and ... • shells
 Vocabulary Review • relaxing
• tempe-
1. Some people work in town but they like to live rature
in the ... • yet
2. The students are ... under a tree. • Age
• country
3. You have ... time to have lunch before this. • jumped
4. The 16th century was the ... of Exploration for • official
Europeans. • silk
5. The ... in New Zealand is lower than that in • cassette
Hawaii. • enough
6. Polynesia is in the ... of a triangle. • enter
7. Three frogs and two fish ... into the water. • metal
• calmer
8. Is your nephew going to ... the sports • shape
competition?
• bell
9. Sulawesi's fabric is well known for its fine ... • frog
10. Robby goes to the gym to get a good body ...
Comprehension: True/False/No Information
1. Hawaiians are Polynesians.
2. Maori are Polynesians.
3. Polynesians came from southern China.
4. Polynesians are a mixture of different groups of
people.
5. They traveled from one group of islands to another
very quickly.
6. Some people died on the way to new islands.
7. The Polynesian double canoe is a great invention.
8. The Polynesians were great sailors and explorers.
9. They made maps on paper.
10. They took herbal vegetation with them from China.
 Spelling Review
• Write the plural forms: • Write the plural forms:
– knife, wife, thief – mango, potato, tomato
– century, try, fly – papaya, banana, guava
– shift, gift, stick – fish, dish, kiss
– goose, tooth – rock, dock, knock
– sandwich, beach, torch – city
– family, baby, lady – child
– number, trader, eraser – canoe, decade
 Spelling Review
• Add -est to these • Add -est to these
adjectives: adjectives:
– big, thick, quick – long, light, bright
– high, safe, large – shallow, narrow, low
– hot, deep, tight – heavy, lazy
– pretty, lucky, happy – near, dear
– muddy, dirty, murky – bold, loud
– smart, brave
 Word forms: Verb, Noun, and
Adjectives
• 1. Always think about the (danger) ...when you play
in the stock market.
• 2. Miko plans to study (Economy) ...and be an ...
• 3. Dicky works in a (bank) ...and he has a dream to
be a ...
• 4. Dul's car hit three cars. He has several (injure)...
• 5. ...(sail) did the work on sailing ships. These ships
has ...to catch the wind. They ...all over the world.
 Topic 5
• Contents:
– Reading (A Giraffe in Central Asia)
– Vocabulary
– Comprehension: Matching the Words
– Oral Drill
– Written Drill
– TOEFL Exercise
 A Giraffe in Central Asia
Tamerlane (1336-1405) was a very strong Mongol
leader. He and his soldiers fought until Tamerlane
became the ruler of all Central Asia. Other countries
wanted to make friend with Tamerlane. It was safer
to be friends than enemies.
Ambassadors from other countries took gifts to
Tamerlane. They took beautiful cloth, jewelry, gold
(Au), and silver (Ag). They often took something
unusual for gift too.
In 1404, near the end of Tamerlane's life, an
Egyptian ambassador arrived in Samarkand. This
was here where Tamerlane lived. The ambassador
and his men traveled on horses and camels. They
brought a giraffe from Africa as a gift.
 A Giraffe in Central Asia
Egyptian horses and camels were
used to walking in the desert. They did it
all the time. A giraffe is not used to the
desert. But, this giraffe walked 5,000
kilometers from Cairo to Samarkand.
We know about ambassador's gift
because several people wrote about it.
No one wrote that Tamerlane liked it.
However, we suppose that he was very
pleased to have this starnge African
animal in Central Asia.
Vocabulary
1. ...from many countries took ... to Tamerlane.
make friends 2. Egyptian camels and horses were ... walking
ambassadors in the desert.
jewelry 3. Tamerlane was a very strong Mongol ...
used to 4. They took beautiful cloth, ..., ..., and ...
ruler 5. However, we ... that he was very ... to have
gifts this strange African animal in Central Asia.
leader 6. He and his soldiers fought until Tamerlane
suppose was the ... of all of Central Asia.
pleased 7. They brought a ... from Africa as a gift.
gold 8. Some people like to wear expensive ...
silver 9. Didi is not here today. I ... he is sick.
giraffe 10. A ... has a very long neck and tail.
soldiers 11. Lovers normally change ... for birthdays.
Egyptians 12. When Sumatran students study in Italy,
they can't get ... with the cheese and pasta.
Mongol
13. Ali got an A for his English, he was very ...
Central Asia
Match the words than mean opposite
Column B
Column A • performers
• arrive • fewers
• safe • find
• inside • leave
• fans • outside
• start • dangerous
• dead • great
• lose • lower
• higher • stop
• more • yearly
• somebody • alive
• nobody
 Comprehension
1. Tamerlane was ...leader.
a. an Egyptian, b. a Chinese, c. a Mongol, d. an Arab
2. Other countries wanted to ...friends with
Tamerlane.
a. make, b. give, c. buy, d. find
3. Ag means ...
a. jewelry, b. gold, c. gifts, d. silver
4. A giraffe was ...gift.
a. an usual, b. a safe, c. a doubble, d. a dead
5. Giraffes are not ...walking in the desert.
a. arrived, b. bought, c. used to, d. wrote
 Oral Drill (Exec.)
1. Gandi has returned from a swim, so his hair is
all wet.
2. I have never been to a dangdut concert, so I
am ...
3. The World Cup finals are on TV tonight, so
the streets ...
4. Liem has recieved his black belt in The Kwan
Do, so ...
5. Kiky has had vacation, so she ...
 Oral Drill: Since and For
• Use a specific date/time after since:
– I haven't been to a Malay Festival since I was a
child.
• Use an expression of duration, a period/time
after for:
– I haven't been to a Malay Festival for six years.
• Practices:
– got a haircut/for
– written to my boyfriend/since
– gone to the beach/for
– done the dishes/since
 Written Drill: Simple Past or
Present Perfect
1. ...you ever ...(go) to Sianok Valley before?
yes, I ...(go) there three years ago.
2. Dear Daddy, sorry that I ...(not/write) you last
week, but I ...(be) so busy lately at the stock
market. Two of the bankers ...(be) sick, so I ...
(to) fill for them all last week.
3. have Daniel and I finally ...(go) to see the
dance. I ...(never/see) such a crowd at our
theater! Our seats ...(be) quite good, and we
could see the dancers very well.
 Spelling Review: Adjectives _y and
_ish
• Make an adjective with • Make an adjective with
adding -y: adding -ish:
– rock, noise - slug, dark
– wave, storm - child
– mood, trend - green, red, black
– stick, juice - blue, purple, white
– bulk, bulg - hollow
– bold, speed
 Spelling Review: Adjectives _ful and _ing
• Make an adjective with • Add -ing to these verbs:
adding –ful: – swim, fly, walk
– hand, mouth – hug, kiss, touch
– meaning, thought – write, bring
– care, doubt – come, dive, drive
– beauty, joy – study, plan, go
– sing, bring
– thank, merci, great
– talk, meet
– chew, blow
 Topic 6:
• Reading: The First Woman on Mount
Everest
• Grammar: Past Perfect Tense
 The First Woman on
Mount Everest

1. Where is Mt. Everest?

2. Do you know any mountain
climbers?
3. Do you like to climb mountains?
 The First Woman on Mount Everest
Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the World. It
is in the Himalayan Mountains between Nepal and
China, it is 8,900 m high. Sir Edmund Hillary from
New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay from Nepal were
the first people ever to climb Mt. Everest. They
climbed it in 1953. Men from several different
countries climbed it after that.
Junko Tabei, a Japaese from Hokaido, was the first
woman to make this difficult climb. A Tokyo
newspaper-televisin company organized the Mt.
Everest climb in 1975. The choose 15 women from
mountaineering clubs to go to Nepal. The group
climbed for several days. Then there was an
avalanche. The heavy ice and snow injured 10 of the
women. They had to stop climbing. The other 5
continued.
Only Ms. Tabei was able to climb the last 2,070 m.
She was standing on top of the World. She was the
first woman there. Ms. Tabei was 35 years old at the
time. She started climbing mountains in 1960. She
still climbs mountains. She is not an ordianry
Japanese housewife. Her busband works fro Honda
Motor Company. He likes to climb the mountains,
too. But he can't have enough vacation from his
work to go with his wife all the time. So he stays
home to take care of the house and children.
Ms. Tabei earns money from her trips by teaching
English and piano to children. She also speaks to
groups of people about her mountain climbing. She
climbs a mountain about three times a year. She
climbed the highest mountains on six continents.
Finally, she wants to climb the highest mountain in
every country in the World. When she reaches the
top of a mountain, she thinks, "I'm glad that I'm at
the happy top". Then she climbs back down.
 Exercise
1. They ... fifteen women from mountainering ... to go
to Nepal.
2. Only Ms. Tabei ... to climb the last 2,070 m.
3. She ... climbs the mountains.
4. A Tokyo newspaper-TV company ... the Mount
Everest climb in 1975.
5. She is not an ... Japanese wife.
6. The ... ice and snow ... ten of the women.
7. When she reaches the top of a mountain, she thinks,
"I'm ... that I'm at the top.
8. Then there was an ...
9. ..., she wants to climb the highest mountain in every
country in the world.
 Vocabulary
• injured • finally
• heavy • organize
• glad • clubs
• ordinary • highest
• was able • climb
• avalanche • chose
• kilograms • Nepal
• still • New Zealand
 Match the words
1. gift a. maybe
2. pleased b. between
c. thing
3. great
d. ruler
4. among e. shave
5. leader f. wonderful
6. completely g. sled
7. fewer h. present
8. pretty i. crows
j. less
9. suppose
k. glad
10. perhaps l. all
11. cattle m. beautiful
 Comprehension
1. When people climbed Mt. Everest, most of them start
in .... a. China; b. New Zealand; c. India; d. Nepal
2. A company in ...organized the climb. a. Tokyo; b.
Hokkaido; c. Nepal; d. New Zealand
3. ...injured ten of the women. a. A club; b. An ordinary; c.
An avalanche; d. Storm
4. Junko Tabei's age was ...when she climbed the
highest mountain in the world. a. 25; b. 30; c. 35; d. 40
5. When Ms. Tabei climbs all the high mountains in the
world, she will feel... a. afraid; b. sad; c. glad; d. b and
c
 Past Perfect Tense
Simple Past Tense Past Perfect Tense
Describe one event occurs in Two events are stated, the past
the past perfect is used to describe the earlier
event

Jaka went to Pekanbaru in 2012. Jaka had graduated from high school
before he went to Pekanbaru.
 Time words for Past Perfect Tense
Time words Examples Note
1. Before I had gradutaed from FE before In conversation,
I got married. the simple past is
I got married after I had often used with
2. After
graduated from FE. before and after

3. Already I had already graduated from

FE when I got married.
4. By the time I had graduated from college by
the time I got married.
5. Until He had never swum until he
moved to Riau.
Use the simple past
in the by the time
clause
Use past perfect is
optional.
 Time words for Past Perfect Tense
Time words Examples Note
6a. when The students had already Use past perfect to
(meaning been arrived when Dr. Samiaji describe the event
before) come in. which happened
first.
6b. when The students were arrived Use the simple past
(meaning right when Dr. Samiaji come. in both clauses to
after) show that both
events occurred
almost at same time
6c. when The students were arriving Use a simple past or
(meaning at the when Dr. Samiaji was coming. past progressive
same time as) tense
Written Drill: Past, Present Perfect, Past Perfect
• I will never forget the best vacation of my life. I and a
friend (decide) ... to go to Lombok because we
(go/never) ...there before. We (wake up) early
morning. We (pack) ...the bags and (make) ...then
convenient for our holiday. I remember that it was hot
and sunny week. By the time we (arrive) ...in Lombok
Airport our enthusiasm (grow) ...bigger. The taxi
(drive) ... us to Senginggi Beach Hotel (pass)
...fantastic view of coastline. The next 4 days we (tour)
... to fascinating Gili Islands, fantastic Rinjani Mount,
enchanting Sasak Village, and pristine Kuta Beach.
 Topic 7
• Contents:
– The European Raja of Sarawak
– Vocabulary
– Comprehension: Matching the Words
– Grammar: Future Perfect Tense
– Oral Drill
– Written Drill
– TOEFL Exercise
 The European Raja of
Sarawak

1. Where is Sarawak?
2. Is Sarawak near Europe?
3. What do they call the leader of Sarawak?
 The European Raja of Sarawak
James Brooke (1803-1868) was born in India.
However, he was British, not Indian. India was a
British colony at that time, and James' father was an
official in the colonial government.
James attended school in England, and then he went
into the army. He was injured in a war in Burma, so
he left the army. He bought a boat and explored the
islands off the coast of Asia.
Sarawak is on one of these islands. The name of the
island is Kalimantan. Today most of Kalimantan
belongs to Indonesia. While Mr. Brooke was
travelling in Asia, there were problems in Sarawak.
Some of the people did not like their leader, the raja,
so they started against him. The fighting continued
and the raja couldn't stopped. Finally he asked Mr.
Brooke to help.
Mr. Brooke asked the British navy to help him. They
soon defeated the raja's enemy. When the war was
over, the raja asked Mr. Brooke to become the ruler of
Sarawak. He bacame the raja. It was very unusual to
have a European raja in Asia.
He was a good ruler. He organized a strong
government, and there was no more fighting. Some of
the people in the jungle were head hunters. They
killed people and kept their heads. He made them
stop. After Jame Brooke's dead, his son became raja.
Today Sarawak is part of Malaysia. Malaysia is an
independent country instead of a British colony.
Sarawak has a governor, but he is not British. There
are no more British rulers in Sarawak or Malaysia.
•
Vocabulary
belongs to
• Kalimantan 1. Sarawak has a ..., but he is not British.
• raja 2. Some people did not like the leader,
• jungle the ...
• governor 3. Today most of ... belongs to Indonesia.
• independent 4. Malaysia is an ... country instead of a
• colonial British colony.
• problems 5. "Mr. Ahok" was appointed as the ... of
• death Jakarta last year.
• navy 6. After Jame Brooke's ... his son become
• defeated raja.
• attend 7. Some people in the ... were head
• against hunters.
• over 8. When the war was ..., the raja asked Mr.
• Sarawak Brooke to be the ruler of Sarawak.
•
•
belongs to Vocabulary
Kalimantan
• raja 1. The Dayak live in the ... in Kalimantan.
• jungle 2. Kuching is the capital of ....
• governor 3. Gary is in the army. His brother is a sailor in
• independent the ...
• colonial 4. The class begins at 13:00. It is ... at 14:50.
• problems 5. Who does this jacket ... I found it yesterday.
• death 6. Elizabeth II became queen of Great Britain
• navy after the ...of her father.
• defeated 7. All of the old colonies in Africa are ... countries
• attend now.
• against 8. A number of 65 students ... the MSEC
• over meeting.
• Sarawak 9. Every state in the US has a ...
 Underline the word that does not
belong
1. double, once, twice, two
2. going to, might, maybe, perhaps
3. giraffe, hippo, camel, spider
4. agree, pleased, glad, happy
5. see, teach, explore, ring
6. yearly, completely, monthly, weekly
7. heavy, thick, gift, ordinary
8. middle, common, ordinary, usual
9. best, worst, oldest, farthest
 Future Perfect Tense
Future Future Perfect

expresses one event in the expresses one event in the future which is
future completed before another event in the
future

The company will give our By the New Year arrives, the company will
bonus on December 30th. have given our bonus.

I will be 48 years old by I will have celebrated my 48th birthday by

Idul Adha. Idul Adha.
 Written Drill: Future or Future Perfect
1. Many sociologists say that people (have) ...more
free time in the next decades.
2. They believe that advanced technology (perform) ...
the work of people.
3. Many economists worry that this (mean) ... more
unemployment.
4. Other economists think, however, that by that time
social scientists (find) ... a solution to the
unemployment problem.
5. They think that in the next century, the government
(discover) ...ways to reduce the number of working
hours and increase wages.