La Histo

Vanapresented
RIA DEL
DIO
bY;group 2
 La Histo
Vana
A Book that tells the entire
and how it was discovered by
and engineer Andrés Manuel,
but his names were not used
was discovered by Nils Sefström2,

Ria DEL
Dio
backstory of the element Vanadium
Mexican-Spanish scientist, naturalist
del Río y Fernández back in 1801,
was not credited. Until year 1830 it
a Swedish scientist...

 La His
Van
TORIA DEL
DIO
Andrés Manuel del Río
y Fernández

Andrés Manuel del Río y

Fernández was born on November
10 year 1764 at Madrid, Spain. He
studied analytical chemistry and
metallurgy in Spain where he
was born. He received his
bachelo'rs degree from the
University of Alcala de Henares
in 1870 at the age of fifteen. The
government gave him a scholarship
to enter the Royal Academy of
 Mines in Almadén, Spain, as of
June 1782. He showed great
aptitude. In 1783 he was given a
travel grant by the Spanish
Ministry of Mines. He used it to
study in Paris, with the chemist
Jean Darcet at the Collège de
France. Del Río continued his
studies at the Mining Academy in
Freiberg, Germany, under the
direction of Abraham Gottlob
Werner in 1789.

In Freiberg he got to know Baron

Alexander von Humboldt. Del
Río went on to study at the
Austrian Imperial-Royal Mining
Academy at Schemnitz, Hungary,
with Anton von Rupprecht, as
well as in England. Del Rio
returned to Paris in 1791 where
he was a colleague (asociado) of
Antoine Lavoisier, who is
considered the founder of modern
chemistry, and Abbé René
 Just Haüy, who is considered the
founder of crystallography. Then as
a result of the French Revolution, a
warrant for Lavoisier's arrest was
issued on 4th of November 1793.
Lavoisier was executed on the
guillotine on 8 May 1794. After
Lavoisier's arrest, Del Río escaped
to England. Until year 1801, where
he discovered the element
"Vanadium". He proposed that the
element be given the name
panchromium,
 or later, erythronium, but his
discovery was not credited at the
time, and his names were not used.
Year 1805 del Rio established
and ironworks at Coalcoman.
After overcoming numerous
obstacles, he produced the first
iron in Mexico on 29th of April
year 1807. Four years later during
the Mexican War of
Independence, the royalist
destroyed the ironworks. The iron
he produced was superior to the
celebrated imported iron from
Biscay (Vizcaya) ,
 Spain. Del Rio was bitter about
Humboldt's mistake in not
confirming the discovery of
vanadium, and strongly
reproached him. He continued to
teach at the College of Mines
until his death, a course that
"could well have been taught at
the Polytechnic school in Paris",
according to Michel Chevalier,
who visited del Río shortly before
the latter's death.
Andrés Manuel del Río died at
84 in 1849, after a long and
productive academic career. His
work and his liberal politics
were important to the building of
an independent Mexican nation.
He was the founding professor of
mineralogy at the College of
Mines, which laid the base for
the current Institute of Geology
of the National Autonomous
University of Mexico
(UNAM).

---End of Biography---
 vanadium and it's
features that makes it
special
If you’ve ever pedaled a
bicycle or used a knife to cut up
something in the kitchen, you may
have benefitted from vanadium.
Vanadium is an element that’s
often used to create alloys that
are both strong and durable.
You’ll find traces of vanadium in
 things like bicycle parts and
knives. It’s also commonly used by
those manufacturing steel as an
additive that is capable of
preventing steel from cracking.
Here are some other interesting
facts about vanadium.
 vanadium and it's
features that makes it
special
Vanadium was discovered
twice.
Vanadium was originally
discovered way back in 1801 by a
professor in Mexico City named
Andrés Manuel del Rio. He
discovered it while evaluating the
mineral vanadinite and sent a letter
about how he did it to the Institut
de France. Hoever, his letter was
lost because of a shipwreck and del
Rio was unable
 to prove his discovery later.
Vanadium was then discovered
again by a Swedish chemist named
Nils Gabriel Sefstrôm in 1830. He
did it after inspecting iron samples
that were found in a mine in
Sweden.
 vanadium and it's
features that makes it
special

It’s named after an Old

Norse goddess. Since Sefstrôm
was widely credited with
discovering vanadium, he was
given the opportunity to name
it. He chose to name it after
the Old Norse goddess
Vanadis, who was usually
associated with fertility and
beauty.


Vanadium is not only beautiful, but

also strong. Adding small
percentages of it creates
exceptionally light, tough and more
resilient steel alloys. se goddess
Vanadis, who was usually
associated with fertility and
beauty.
 the history of
vanadium
The element "Vanadium" was
twice discovered. I was first
discovered by Mexican-
Spanish scientist, naturalist
and engineer Andrés Manuel
del Río y Fernández back in
1801. He proposed that the
element be given the name
panchromium,or later,
erythronium, but his discovery
was not credited at the time,
and his names were not used.
 Year 1830's by the Swedish
scientist Nils Sefström2 who found
the substance when investigating
brittleness in iron. As he treated
the iron with acid, he noted that
iron from ore mined at Smålands
Taberg, produced a black powder,
apart from the regular findings.
After testing the powder for the
presence of known substances such
as chromium and uranium, Sefström
concluded that what he had found
was a hitherto unidentified body.
He was able to identify the
substance as a new metal which he
named after the Nordic goddess of
beauty: Vanadis. In the early 1920:s
the Swedish metallurgist Rutger
von Seth3 published an extensive
work on vanadium. In his writings,
he accounted for the location of
known vanadium-bearing ores, its
performance in the blast furnace
and steel making processes and he
describeda new method to
beneficiate vanadium. von Seth
found that vanadium and silicon
were oxidized to an acid slag
 during the first minutes of the
blow in the Bessemer process.
He therefore proposed and
patented a method for recovery
of vanadium from hot metal.
To create a slag with a high
content of vanadium, the
vanadium bearing hot metal
should be pre-blown at a
comparatively low temperature
in an acid lined vessel. In
subsequent experiments, a slag
of barely ten weight per cent
vanadium pentoxide was
obtained. Vanadium containing slag
of the von Seth-type proved itself to
be an excellent raw material for the
production of vanadium pentoxide
and ferrovanadium. The process was
put to industrial use and was
further developed by Christiania
Spigerverk in Norway and by
Domnarfvets Jernverk in Sweden.
In a developed form, von Seth¿s
method is still used to produce
vanadium rich slags in some
countries.
 Vanadium's other
descriptions
Vanadium is a really interesting and
utile component. It is solid at a room
temperature and in it's pure province it
is a grey silvery metal. Vanadium is a
chemical element with symbol V and
atomic number 23. Classified as a
transition metal, vanadium is a solid
at room temperature. It is soft and
malleable and it has good corrosion
opposition to alkalis sulfuric acid
hydrochloric acid and salt waters.
 Its atomic mass is 50.9415. Its
melting point is 1,926° C (3,499°
F). and has a boiling point of 3,380
°C (6,116 °F).

Vanadium has 5 valence electrons

that can be lost. One of the
characteristics of transition metal
is their ability to adopt multiple
oxidation states. Vanadium exhibits
four common oxidation states +5,
+4, +3, and +2 each of which can be
distinguished by its color.

 vanadium's atomic
structure

The nucleus consists of 23

protons (red) and 28 neutrons
(blue). 23 electrons (green) bind
to the nucleus, successively
occupying available electron
shells (rings). Vanadium is a
transition metal in group 5, period
4, and the d-block of the periodic
table.
 Vanadium's sources
and uses
Vanadium rarely exists as a
free element in nature but can be
found in about 65 different
minerals, including magnetite,
vanadinite, carnotite and patronite.
It also can be found in phosphate
rock and some crude oils.
Vanadium is usually obtained by
heating crushed ore in the presence
of carbon and chlorine to produce
vanadium trichloride, which is
 then heated with magnesium in an
argon atmosphere, according to
Jefferson Lab. Around 98 percent of
mined vanadium ore comes from South
Africa, Russia, and China.
Vanadium makes up 150 parts per
million (ppm) of the Earth's core
and comprises 0.019 percent of the
Earth's crust, according to
PeriodicTable.com. The cosmic
quantity of vanadium in the universe
is about 0.0001 percent. Vanadium can
be detected spectroscopically in the
Sun's rays and occasionally in the
light of other stars.
 Vanadium's sources
and uses
Vanadium is found in about 65
different minerals including
vanadinite, carnotite and
patronite. It is also found in
phosphate rock, certain iron ores
and some crude oils in the form of
organic complexes. Vanadium
metal is obtained by reducing
vanadium(V) oxide with calcium
in a pressure vessel.
 The unique properties of
vanadium make it ideal for a new
type of batteries that may
revolutionise energy systems in the
near future – redox flow batteries.
Batteries store energy and generate
electricity by a reaction between two
different materials – typically solid
zinc and manganese. In flow batteries,
these materials are liquid and have
different electric charges. Both are
pumped into a “cell” where the electric
current is generated. A tiny membrane
separates the two liquids, so they are
able to react but don’t come into direct
contact.
 Vanadium's sources
and uses
Vanadium is used in these batteries
as it can convert back and forth
from its various different states,
which can carry different positive
charges. As only one material is
used, the risk of cross
contamination is eliminated. The
liquids have an indefinite life, so
the replacement costs are low and
there are no waste disposal
problems. Also, the battery is
extended to a potentially infinite
lifetime.

Vanadium can be used to make

steel alloys, for use in space
vehicles, nuclear reactors and
aircraft carriers, etc.
Vanadium steel alloys' strength
means that they are perfectly
suited to the creation of tools,
axles, piston rods and as girders
in construction.
 In Vanadium Redox Flow
Batteries (VRFBs), vanadium
is used to create a reliable, safe
and stable solution for the
storage of renewable energy.
Read more about VRFBs >
Vanadium's sources
and uses

Vanadium can be utilised in

ceramics as a pigment.
Vanadium pentoxide can be
used as a catalyst in the
manufacture of dyes and
printing fabrics.
 The new energy reservoir
Vanadium flow batteries are too big
and heavy to replace the lithium
batteries found in your phone,
however. These batteries are instead
used for large stationary long-term
energy storage, or to supply remote
areas, or provide backup power.
They’re the basis for a more
efficient, reliable, and cleaner
electrical energy market.
 The End M ' S
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