QUESTION BANK

SUBJECT: EE6603 POWER SYSEM OPERATION AND CONTROL

SEM / YEAR: VI/III - Academic Year 2018 – 19 (EVEN)

Bloom’s
S.No. Important questions taxonomy COs POs Year
level
UNIT I - INTRODUCTION
Part- A
RE CO1 PO1,PO MAY/JUNE
1 Define spinning reserve. 2016
2
What is the function of load frequency control. UN CO1 PO1,PO Nov/
2 Dec 2017
2
Discuss advantages of pool operation with respect to LFC. UN CO1 PO1,PO
3
2
List uses of secondary loop in ALFC system. RE CO1 PO1,PO
4
2
Define connected load. RE CO1 PO1,PO Nov/
5 Dec 2011
2
Summarize the role of computers in the operation and control of power RE CO1 PO1,PO
6
system. 2
State the factors affecting load forecasting. RE CO1 PO1,PO APRIL /MAY
7 2018
2
What is the need for frequency regulation in power systems? UN CO1 PO1,PO Nov/
8 Dec 2016
2
Define load factor. RE CO1 PO1,PO Nov/
9 Dec 2016
2
Illustrate the need for load forecasting. RE CO1 PO1,PO April/May 2017
10 Nov/
2 Dec 2017
 Discuss the need for voltage regulation in power systems. RE CO1 PO1,PO
11
2
Define diversity factor. RE CO1 PO1,PO Nov/
12 Dec 2016
2
Show the effect of load factor on the cost of generation. RE CO1 PO1,PO
13
2
What are browouts?. RE CO1 PO1,PO April/May 2017
14
2
Discuss system level control. RE CO1 PO1,PO
15
2
What are the effects of variable load in power system? RE CO1 PO1,PO
16
2
What is the objective of power system control? RE CO1 PO1,PO
17
2
Differentiate load curve and load duration curve. UN CO1 PO1,PO Nov/
Dec 2016
18 2 Nov/
Dec 2017
Discuss different types of load. Classify system load. RE CO1 PO1,PO MAY/JUNE
19 2016
2
Write the implications of high diversity factor and list any two methods RE CO1 PO1,PO APRIL /MAY
20 2018
employed to increase the diversity factor. 2
Part - B
(i) Define the following: (1) Hot reserve (2) Cold reserve (3) AN CO1 PO1,PO Nov/
Dec 2016
diversity factor. 2,PO3
ii)A generating station has the following daily load cycle: Nov/
Time in Dec 2017
(hrs) 0-6 6-10 10-12 12-16 16-20 20-24
1
Load(MW) 2 25 30 25 35 20
20
Draw the load curve and calculate maximum demand, units
generated per day, average load, load factor.
Describe the following: (i) Load forecasting (ii) Economic dispatch control UN CO1 PO1,PO
2
2
 Explain the following terms: Installed reserve, spinning reserve, UN CO1 PO1,PO
3
cold reserve, hot reserve. 2
A power station has to meet the following demand: A power station has to AN CO1 PO1,PO MAY/JUNE
2016
meet the following demand: 2,PO3
Group A:200KW between 8 A.M and 6 P.M
Group B:100KW between 6 A.M and 10 A.M
Group C:50KW between 6 A.M and 10 A.M
4
Group D:100KW between 10 A.M and 6 P.M and then between 6
P.M and 6 A.M.
Plot the daily load curve and calculate diversity factor, units generated per
day and load factor. Plot the daily load curve and calculate diversity factor,
units generated per day and load factor.
Summarize objectives of modern trend in real time control of power system? UN CO1 PO1,PO MAY/JUNE
2016
Consider an inductive load of type Z=R+jX. How would a 1 %drop in 2
5
frequency affects the real load, if the load is assumed to a power factor of
0.8?
A diesel station supplies the following loads to various consumer UN CO1 PO1,PO APRIL /MAY
2018
Industrial load=100MW , Commercial load=15MW 2,PO3
Domestic Power=12MW , Domestic light=20MW
6 If the maximum demand on the station is 110MW and the number of Units
generated per annum is 322x106,determinethe diversity factor and annual
load factor.
(i) Explain the need for voltage and frequency regulation in power system. UN CO1 PO1,PO April/May 2017

(ii) A generating station has maximum demand of 400 MW. The annual AN 2,PO3
7 load factor is 65% and plant capacity factor is 50% and plant use
factor 72% .Evaluate the reserve capacity of the plant, daily energy
produced and maximum energy that plan can be produced.
UN CO1 PO1,PO April/May 2017
8 Describe briefly about plant level and system level control Nov/
2 Dec 2017
9 UN CO1 PO1,PO Nov/
i) Classify load curve and load duration curve elaborately? Describe the Dec 2016
2 Nov/
 Dec 2017
importance of load forecasting and explain the method of least square fit
forecasting the base load.

A diesel station supplies the following loads to various consumer AN CO1 PO1,PO
Industrial load=1500KW 2,PO3
Commercial load=750KW
Domestic Power=100KW
10
Domestic light=450KW
If the maximum demand on the station is 2500KW and the number of KWhr
generated per annum is 45x105,determinethe diversity factor and annual
load factor.
UNIT II - REAL POWER - FREQUENCY CONTROL
Part- A
RE CO2 PO1,PO2 Nov/
1 Illustrate the advantages of state variable model. Dec 2007

State the control objective of two area load frequency control. RE CO2 PO1,PO2 Nov/
2 Dec 2014
Show the conditions necessary for sharing load operating in parallel RE CO2 PO1,PO2 Nov/
3 Dec 2017
between the two synchronous machines.
Define area control error. RE CO2 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE
4 2016
Define control area. RE CO2 PO1,PO2 Nov/
Dec 2016
5 April/May
2017
What are the types of ALFC interconnected power system? RE CO2 PO1,PO2 Nov/
6 Dec 2017
Distinguish between primary and secondary feedback loops in load RE CO2 PO1,PO2 APRIL /MAY
7 2018
frequency control.
Contrast the functions of “speed Governor” and “ speed changer” in a speed RE CO2 PO1,PO2
8
governing systems of a turbine generator set.
Brief the application of secondary ALFC loop in power system networks. RE CO2 PO1,PO2 APRIL /MAY
9 2015

What is called coherent group of generators? RE CO2 PO1,PO2 APRIL /MAY

10 2009
11 How real power in power system is controlled? UN CO2 PO1,PO2
What is meant by free governor operation? RE CO2 PO1,PO2 APRIL /MAY
12 2011
 What is the need of integral controller in ALFC? UN CO2 PO1,PO2 April/May
13 2017

Define speed droop. RE CO2 PO1,PO2

14
List the uses of dynamic and static responses of ALFC. RE CO2 PO1,PO2 Nov/
15 Dec 2016
16 What is the use of secondary loop in ALFC system? RE CO2 PO1,PO2
Define i.AFRC & ii.AGC RE CO2 PO1,PO2 Nov/
17 Dec 2011
18 Point out whether changes in AVR loop will be reflected in ALFC loop. UN CO2 PO1,PO2
List the components of speed governing mechanism. RE CO2 PO1,PO2 APRIL /MAY
19 2018
What is the principle of tie line bias control? RE CO2 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE
20 2016
Part - B
AN CO2 PO1,PO2 Nov/
Dec 2014
Two synchronous generators operating in parallel. Their capacities are ,PO3
300MW and 400MW. The droop characteristics of their governors are 4%
and 5% from no load to full load. Assuming that the generators are
1
operating at 50HZ at no load , how would be a load of 600MW shared
between them. Calculate the system frequency at this load? Assume free
governor action.

Develop the state variable model of a two area system and state the UN CO2 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE
2 advantages of the model.
2016

Draw the block diagram of uncontrolled two area load frequency control UN CO2 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE
3 2016
system and describe the salient features under static condition.
Analyze speed governor mechanism model? Explain its operations with the AN CO2 PO1,PO2
4
speed load characteristics.
Examine and derive the transfer function model and draw the block diagram UN CO2 PO1,PO2 Nov/
Dec 2016
for single control area provided with governor system. From the transfer
5
function derive the expression for steady state frequency error for a step
load change.
Obtain the state variable model of single area ALFC system. UN CO2 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE
2016
6 Nov/
Dec 2016
 Two 1000KW alternators operate in parallel. The speed regulation of first AN CO2 PO1,PO2
alternator is 100% to 103% from full load to no load and that of other 100% ,PO3
to 105%. Show how will the two alternators share load of 1200KW and at
7 what will one machine cease to supply any portion of the load. (For a
system regulation =4Hz/p.u.MW,Kp=150 Tp=18sec,ΔP0=0.01p.u.Calculate
the dynamic response of uncontrolled case. Explain and derive the equation
used.
Explain the tie bias control of two area system. UN CO2 PO1,PO2 Nov/
8 Dec 2017
Deduce the expression for steady state frequency change for single area UN CO2 PO1,PO2 April/May
2017
system with the following cases. (i)Changes in load with fixed speed (ii)
9
changes in speed with fixed demand. Also explain the dynamic analysis of
single area system.
Estimate the primary ALFC loop parameters for a control area having AN CO2 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE
2016
the following data. ,PO3
Total rated area capacity Pr=2000MW. Normal operating load
Pd=1000MW. Inertia constant H=5.0
10 Regulation R=2.40 Hz/pu MW (all area generators) We shall assume that
the load frequency dependency as linear meaning that the old load would
increase 1% for 1% frequency increase ii) Express briefly the importance of
regulating frequency and voltage of the power system.

UNIT-3 REACTIVE POWER–VOLTAGE CONTROL

Part - A
What is the need of reactive power control in electrical power transmission RE CO3 PO1,PO2
1 lines?

2 Distinguish between load compensation and system compensation. RE CO3 PO1,PO2

RE CO3 PO1,PO2 April/May
3 What is exciter ceiling voltage ? 2017

List the uses of series capacitors in transmission lines. RE CO3 PO1,PO2 April/May
4 2017

5 Define reactive power control. RE CO3 PO1,PO2

 Summarize the methods used for compensating the uncompensated RE CO3 PO1,PO2
6 transmission lines?

RE CO3 PO1,PO2 April/May

Show that the shunt compensation improves critical voltage as well as 2015
7 power factor

8 Name the sources of reactive power. RE CO3 PO1,PO2

9 State the advantages of slope in SVC dynamic characteristics. RE CO3 PO1,PO2

RE CO3 PO1,PO2 Nov/

10 What are the advantages and disadvantages of synchronous compensators? Dec 2017

RE CO3 PO1,PO2 APRIL /MAY

State the main objectives of reactive power and voltage control in power 2018
11 systems.

RE CO3 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE

12 What is SVC ? 2016

RE CO3 PO1,PO2 Nov/

13 What is called series compensation? Dec 2016

Summarize the common advantages of STATCOM. RE CO3 PO1,PO2

14
UN CO3 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE
15 How the reactive power and voltage control are interrelated? 2016

16 List the functions of excitation system. RE CO3 PO1,PO2 Nov/

Dec 2016
RE CO3 PO1,PO2 Nov/Dec 2017
17 Where booster transformer is used?

Distinguish between ON load tap changing transformer and OFF load tap UN CO3 PO1,PO2
18 changing transformer.

19 What are the methods to improve the voltage profile in the power system? RE CO3 PO1,PO2
RE CO3 PO1,PO2 APRIL /MAY
Outline the role of synchronous generators adopted for generation and 2018
20 absorption of reactive power.

Part - B
 Examine various methods of voltage control and explain any three in detail. UN CO3 PO1,PO2 Nov/
1 Dec 2013
Name the generators and consumers of reactive power in a power system. UN CO3 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE
2 2013

Explain static and dynamic response of AVR. UN CO3 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE

2016
3 Nov/
Dec 2016
EV CO3 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE
Draw the circuit for a typical excitation system and derive the transfer 2016
function model and draw the block diagram. Nov/
4 Dec 2016
April/May
2017
Nov/Dec 2017
Describe the different methods of voltage control? Examine any two UN CO3 PO1,PO2
5 methods in detail.

UN CO3 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE

6 Explain the role of tap changing transformer in voltage control? 2016
Nov/Dec 2017

Explain Static VAR compensator? Explain its operation. Also state the RE CO3 PO1,PO2
7 merits of static VAR compensator over the other methods of voltage control.

RE CO3 PO1,PO2 April/May

Point out the relations between voltage, power and reactive power at a node 2015
8 for applications in power system control.

Analyze various methods of reactive power compensation and explain any RE CO3 PO1,PO2 April/May
2017
9 two in detail.

Explain the injection of reactive power by swithed capacitors to maintain UN CO3 PO1,PO2 April/May
10 2014
the acceptable voltage profile.
UNIT-4 UNIT COMMITMENT AND ECONOMIC DISPATCH
Part - A
RE CO4 PO1,PO2 Nov/
1 What is FLAPC? Dec 2017

RE CO4 PO1,PO2 Nov/

2 List the condition for the optimal power dispatch in a lossless system. Dec 2017

3 RE CO4 PO1,PO2 April/May

Define incremental cost in power dispatch?
 2017

RE CO4 PO1,PO2 April/May

4 Define spinning reserve. 2015

What is the significance of Unit Commitment? RE CO4 PO1,PO2

5
Draw the incremental cost curve of a thermal power plant. RE CO4 PO1,PO2
6
List the equality and inequality constraints considered in the economic RE CO4 PO1,PO2
7 dispatch problem.

Relate the necessary condition for the existence of minimum cost operating RE CO4 PO1,PO2 APRIL /MAY
8 2018
thermal power system.
Differentiate minimum up and minimum down time in unit RE CO4 PO1,PO2
9 commitment problem?

List the condition of normal operation of power system. RE CO4 PO1,PO2 April/May
10 2017
11 Interpret participation factor with respect to economic load dispatch. RE CO4 PO1,PO2
Express co-ordination equation taking losses into account. RE CO4 PO1,PO2 Nov/
12 Dec 2016
Illustrate incremental cost curve. RE CO4 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE
2016
13 Nov/
Dec 2016
Compare unit commitment and Economic load dispatch problems. RE CO4 PO1,PO2 APRIL /MAY
14 2018
15 List the few constraints that are accounted in unit commitment problem. RE CO4 PO1,PO2
Describe priority list method. UN CO4 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE
16 2016
Find the incremental transmission losses for a two area power system, where UN CO4 PO1,PO2 APRIL/MAY
2015
17 the bus voltages are kept fixed and the line power flow is a function of line
angle. Power loss is a function of generation of area B only.
Give the advantages of using forward dynamic programming method. RE CO4 PO1,PO2
18
Distinguish between economic dispatch and unit commitment RE CO4 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE
19 2014
20 Differentiate between load frequency controller and economic dispatch RE CO4 PO1,PO2
 controller
Part - B
Explain the unit commitment problem. With the help of a flow chart, UN CO4 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE
2016
1 explain forward dynamic programming solution method of unit commitment Nov/Dec 2017
problem
The fuel inputs per hour of plants 1 and 2 AN CO4 PO1,PO2 Nov/Dec 2017

are given as F1= 0.2P12+40P1+120Rs/hr ,PO3

F2=0.25P22+30P2+150Rs/hr
2 Calculate the economic operating schedule and the corresponding cost
of generation. The maximum and the minimum loading on each unit
are 100MW and 25MW. Assume the transmission losses are ignored
and the total demand is 180MW. Also determine the saving obtained if
the load is equally shared by both the units.
(i) With the help of Flow chart explain Economic dispatch by λ AN CO4 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE
2016
Iteration method with and without loss. ,PO3
Nov/
(ii) The fuel cost of two units are given by Dec 2016
3 F1=F1 (PG1) = 1.5+20PG1+0.1PG12 Rs\hr April/May
2017
F2=F2 (PG2) = 1.9+30PG2+0.1PG22Rs\hr
If the total demand on the generator is 200 MW. Calculate the
economic load scheduling of the two units.
(i) Describe unit commitment problem? List the constraints that are to AN CO4 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE
2016
be accounted in unit commitment problem. ,PO3 Nov/
4 Dec 2016

The fuel inputs per hour of plants 1 and 2 AN CO4 PO1,PO2 Nov/
Dec 2013
are given as F1= 0.2P12+40P1+120 Rs/hr ,PO3
F2=0.25P22+30P2+150Rs/hr
5 Examine the economic operating schedule and the corresponding cost of
generation if the maximum and minimum loading on each unit is 100MW
and 25MW.Assume the transmission losses are ignored and the total
demand is 180 MW. Also determine the saving obtained if the load is
equally shared by both the units.
 The fuel cost functions for three thermal plants in AN CO4 PO1,PO2
$/h are given by ,PO3
F1=0.004Pg12+5.3Pg1+500
F2=0.006Pg22+5.5Pg2+400
F3=0.009Pg32+5.8Pg3+200 where Pg1,Pg2,Pg3 are in MW.
6
Estimate the optimal dispatch and the total cost
when the total load is 925 MW with the
following generator limits.
100MW≤Pg1≤450MW,
100MW≤Pg2≤350MW,100MW≤Pg3≤225MW
AN CO4 PO1,PO2 April/May
2017
(i)Evaluate the priority list for the units given below. ,PO3
H1=510+7.20P1+0.00142P12 .Pmin=150MW.Pmax=600MW. Fuel
cost=1.1Rs/MBtu.
7 H2=310+7.85P2+0.00194P22 .Pmin=100MW.Pmax=400MW.
Fuel cost=1.0Rs/MBtu
H3=78+7.97P3+0.00482P 2 .P3 min=50MW.Pmax=200MW.
Fuel cost=1.2Rs/MBtu
ii)Deduce the co ordination equation with losses neglected.
8 (i) The cost characteristics of three plants of a system are AN CO4 PO1,PO2 April/May
2017
2
C1=0.05P1 +17.0P1+160 Rs/hour ,PO3
C2=0.06P22+14.4P2+200 Rs/hour
C3=0.08P32+9.0P3+240 Rs/hour Where P1,P2,P3 are in
MW.
The incremental transmission losses for the network with respect to
plants 1,2 and 3 are 0.05,0.10 and 0.15 MW per MW of generation.
Examine the optimal dispatch for a total load of 100MW and also its
incremental cost of received power. ii) The input output curve
characteristics of three units are F1=750+6.49Pg1+0.0035Pg12.
F2=870+5.75Pg2+0.0015Pg22.
F3=620+8.56Pg3+0.001Pg32. The fuel cost of unit 1 is 1.0 Rs/MBtu,
1.0 Rs/MBtu for unit 2 and 1.0 Rs/MBtu for unit 3. Total load is
 800MW. Use the participation factor method to Estimate the dispatch
for a load is increased to 880MW?
The fuel-cost functions for three thermal plants are AN CO4 PO1,PO2
given by F1=0.004Pg12+5.3Pg1+500 $/hr ,PO3
F2=0.006Pg22+5.5Pg2+400 $/hr
F3=0.009Pg32+5.8Pg3+200$/hrWhere Pg1,Pg2and Pg3 are in
9 MW.Estimate the optimum scheduling and the total cost
per hour for a total load of 975 MW with the following
generator limits. 100MW≤Pg1≤450MW
100MW≤Pg2≤350MW
100MW≤Pg3≤225MW
(i)Formulate the Forward Dynamic Programming method of solving unit UN CO4 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE
2016
commitment problem with neat flow chart.
10
(ii) Compose the priority list method of solving unit commitment
Problem. State merits and limitations of this method.
Give out the priority list of unit commitment using full load average AN CO4 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE
2013
production cost for the given data:
Heat rate of unit1 H1= 510+7.2PG1+0.00142 PG12MW\hr
Heat rate of unit2 H2= 310+7.85PG2+0.00194PG22MW\hr
Heat rate of unit3 H3= 78+7.97PG3+0.00482PG32MW\hr.
PD=500MW
11
Mm
Unit Max(MW) Fuel Cost (K)
(MW)
1 150 600 1.1
2 100 400 1.0
AN3 50 200 1.2
UNIT V COMPUTER CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEMS
Part- A
 RE CO5 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE
Give out functions of SCADA. 2016
1 Nov/
Dec 2016
RE CO5 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE
Define state estimation. 2016
2 Nov/
Dec 2017
RE CO5 PO1,PO2 Nov/
3 What is SCADA? Dec 2017

RE CO5 PO1,PO2 MAY/JUNE

Give any two functions of Load Dispatch Centre. 2012
4
RE CO5 PO1,PO2 Nov/
5 Define network topology in power system. Dec 2012

RE CO5 PO1,PO2 Nov/

6 List the different operating states in power system. Dec 2015

Distinguish between reliability and security of power system. RE CO5 PO1,PO2

7
RE CO5 PO1,PO2 APRIL /MAY
8 List the basic functions of EMS. 2018

List out the conditions for normal operations of a power system. RE CO5 PO1,PO2
9
Explain what do you understand by security constraints? RE CO5 PO1,PO2
10
Explain contingency analysis program. RE CO5 PO1,PO2
11
RE CO5 PO1,PO2 Nov/
What is power system security ?List the factors that affect the power system Dec 2014
12 security.

Illustrate the typical sensors used in power system application. RE CO5 PO1,PO2
13
Explain when power system considered to be secured? RE CO5 PO1,PO2
14
RE CO5 PO1,PO2 Nov/
Summarize the tasks of energy control centre. Dec 2016
15 April/May
2017
16 List the important types of relay used for protection. RE CO5 PO1,PO2
 Give the hierarchical levels used in EMS. RE CO5 PO1,PO2
17
Point out the importance of state estimation in power system. RE CO5 PO1,PO2
18
RE CO5 PO1,PO2 APRIL /MAY
19 State the weighted least square criterion. 2018

List the functions of load control centre. RE CO5 PO1,PO2

20
Part - B
UN CO5 PO1,PO2, MAY/JUNE
Discuss various functions of SCADA with neat diagram. Also list some 2016
1 of the common features of all SCADA systems PO5 Nov/
Dec 2016

Discuss the various functions, system monitoring and control of load UN CO5 PO1,PO2
2
dispatch center.
(ii) Design the block diagram to show the hardware configuration of UN CO5 PO1,PO2, April/May
2017
3 a SCADA system for a power system and explain the application of PO5 Nov/Dec 2017
SCADA in monitoring and control of power system
Explain the security monitoring using state estimation with necessary UN CO5 PO1,PO2
4 diagrams.(i)Prepare need of computer control of power system. (ii)
Evaluate the major functions of system security control.
Show various state transitions and control strategies using state transition UN CO5 PO1,PO2, MAY/JUNE
2016
diagram. PO5 Nov/
5 Dec 2016
April/May
2017
Nov/Dec 2017
Illustrate the various functions of energy control centre. UN CO5 PO1,PO2, Nov/
6 Dec 2016
PO5
Explain the various contingencies that are generally considered for steady UN CO5 PO1,PO2
7 sate security analysis. Explain the major functions of system security
control.

8 What is EMS? What are its major functions in power system operation and UN CO5 PO1,PO2 April/May
 control? 2013

(i) Explain the network topology determination method with the factors UN CO5 PO1,PO2
9 involved in it. (ii) Explain the power system security and control with neat
flow chart.
UN CO5 PO1,PO2, Nov/
10 Explain in detail about energy control centre and its functions. Dec 2014
PO5