Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María

Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental

Transferencia de Materia

Ayudantía N°1
Difusión
AYUDANTE: NATALIA FLORES
 DIFUSIÓN
𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒖𝒔𝒊ó𝒏 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓:
𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑙é𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣é𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑎 𝑢𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛.

𝑬𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝑳𝒆𝒚 𝒅𝒆 𝑭𝒊𝒄𝒌: 𝐽# = 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑜 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 del soluto A.

𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑑𝐶# 𝐷#% = 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝐴 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝐵.
𝐽# $ = −𝐷#% 𝑑𝐶#
𝑚 𝑠 𝑑𝑧 = 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛.
𝑑𝑧
𝑪𝟏 𝑪𝟐 𝐶# = 𝐶 ⋅ 𝑥#

𝑑𝐶# 𝑑𝑥#
𝐽# = −𝐷#% = −𝐷#% ⋅ 𝐶 𝑣& 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑛
𝑪𝟏 > 𝑪𝟐 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑧 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝑢𝑛 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜.

𝑬𝒍 𝒇𝒍𝒖𝒋𝒐 𝒔𝒆 𝒑𝒖𝒆𝒅𝒆 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒂𝒓 𝒕𝒂𝒎𝒃𝒊é𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒐: 𝑣̅ 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜

𝑭𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒛𝒂 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒔𝒐𝒓𝒂: 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛
𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛. 𝐽# $ = 𝑐& 𝑣& − 𝑣̅ (𝑶𝒃𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒓 𝒎ó𝒗𝒊𝒍) 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝑢𝑛 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜.
𝑚 𝑠
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑁# $ = 𝑐& ⋅ 𝑣& (𝑶𝒃𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒓 𝒇𝒊𝒋𝒐) 𝑣& − 𝑣̅ 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒
𝑚 𝑠
𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑖
 DIFUSIÓN
𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒖𝒔𝒊ó𝒏 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓:
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑁# 𝑁% 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒖𝒔𝒊ó𝒏 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓: 𝐽# $ = 𝑐& 𝑣& − 𝑣̅
𝐷#% = 𝐷%# 𝑚 𝑠
𝑨 𝑩 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑁# = −𝑁% 𝑁# $ = 𝑐& ⋅ 𝑣&
𝑚 𝑠
𝑵𝑨 = 𝑱𝑨

𝑬𝒏 𝒖𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒂 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒍𝒂 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒅 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒐 𝒆𝒔 𝟎

()* ,-"
𝐽# = 𝑁# = −𝐷#%
(!+ ,.
 DIFUSIÓN
𝑪𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒅𝒆 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒂:

𝑁# = 𝐾/ ⋅ ∆𝐶# 𝐾/ = 𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎

∆𝐶# = 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛.

𝑁# = 𝐾- (𝐶& − 𝐶# )

𝑻𝒆𝒐𝒓í𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝒑𝒆𝒍í𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂:
𝑬𝒏 𝒍𝒂 𝒛𝒐𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝒅𝒐𝒔 𝒇𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒔 𝒔𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂 𝒖𝒏𝒂
𝒑𝒆𝒍í𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒇𝒍𝒖𝒊𝒅𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒊𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒂.
𝑬𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒔 𝒑𝒆𝒍í𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝒔𝒐𝒏 𝒍𝒂 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 𝒂 𝒍𝒂 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒊𝒂
𝒅𝒆 𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒂.

𝐷#% 𝐷#%
𝑁# = ∆𝐶 → 𝛿 =
𝛿 𝐾-
Ejercicio 1
 Solución: 𝑐𝑚$
𝐷#% = 1,7 ⋅ 1001
G L 𝑠
L
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾/ =?
𝑁# = 0,027
ℎ ⋅ 𝑚$ 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑙í𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝛿 =?
𝑥# = 0,0003

𝑥#,& = 0,0025
L
G
𝑁# 0,027
𝑁# = 𝐾/ ⋅ ∆𝐶# = 𝐾/ ⋅ 𝐶 ⋅ ∆𝑥# 𝐾/ = =
𝐶 ⋅ ∆𝑥# 𝐶 ⋅ 0,0025 − 0,0003

𝑘𝑔
𝜌#34# 1000 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚5
𝐶 ≈ 𝐶#34# = = = 55,6 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑃𝑀#34# 𝑘𝑔 𝑚5 0,027 𝑚
18 ℎ ⋅ 𝑚$
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾/ = = 6,14 ⋅ 1001
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑠
55,6 ⋅ 0,0025 − 0,0003
𝑚5
Solución:
𝑁# = 𝐾- ⋅ ∆𝐶#
𝑻𝒆𝒐𝒓í𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝒑𝒆𝒍í𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂 $
01 𝑐𝑚
𝑁# =
𝐷#%
⋅ ∆𝐶# 𝐷#% 1,7 ⋅ 10 𝑠
𝛿 𝛿= = 𝑐𝑚 = 0,0028 [𝑐𝑚]
𝐾- 0,00614
𝑠
Ejercicio 2
 Solución: 𝐷#% = 0,784
𝑐𝑚$
𝑠
𝒂)𝑭𝒍𝒖𝒋𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒂 (𝑵𝑨 )
𝑃 = 1 𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒖𝒔𝒊ó𝒏 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓
𝑥# = 0,8 𝑥# = 0,25 𝑇 = 25 [°𝐶] 𝑁# = −𝑁%

𝑁$ 𝐻$ 𝑑𝐶# 𝑑𝑥#
0,001 [𝑚] 𝑁# = −𝐷#% = −𝐷#% ⋅ 𝐶 𝑁# 𝑑𝑧 = −𝐷#% ⋅ 𝐶𝑑𝑥#
(𝑨) (𝑩) 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑧

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑢𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 → 𝑁# 𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒

0,15 [𝑚] 𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜:

𝑧$ − 𝑧6 ⋅ 𝑁# = −𝐷#% ⋅ 𝐶(𝑥$ − 𝑥6 ) 𝐶 𝑥$ − 𝑥6
𝑁# = −𝐷#% ⋅
𝑧$ − 𝑧6
𝑃 𝑛
𝑇𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖é𝑛 𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒: 𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 → = =𝐶
𝑅𝑇 𝑉

𝑃 𝑥$ − 𝑥6 𝑚$ 101 𝑃𝑎 0,25 − 0,8 𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑁# = −𝐷#% ⋅ 𝑁# = −0,784 ⋅ 1007 ⋅ = 0,0116
𝑅𝑇(𝑧$ −𝑧6 ) 𝑠 𝑚5 𝑠 ⋅ 𝑚$
8,314 𝑃𝑎 ⋅ ⋅ 298 𝐾 ⋅ 0,15
𝑚𝑜𝑙 ⋅ 𝐾

𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝜋 $
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐹# = 𝑁# ⋅ 𝐴 = 0,0116 ⋅ ⋅ 0,001 𝑚$ = 9,12 ⋅ 1008
𝑠 ⋅ 𝑚$ 4 𝑠
 Solución: 𝐷#% = 0,784
𝑐𝑚$
𝑠
𝒃)𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒅 𝒅𝒆 𝑵𝟐 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐 𝒂 𝒖𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒂
𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒂𝒅𝒂𝒔.
𝑃 = 1 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑥# = 0,8 𝑥# = 0,25 𝑇 = 25 [°𝐶] 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒖𝒔𝒊ó𝒏 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓
𝑁# = −𝑁%
𝑁$ 𝐻$ 𝑁# = 𝐽# = 𝑐# ⋅ 𝑣#
0,001 [𝑚]
(𝑨) (𝑩)
𝐽# 𝑁# 𝑁#
𝑣# = = =
𝑐# 𝑐# 𝐶 ⋅ 𝑥#
0,15 [𝑚]
𝑚𝑜𝑙
0,0116 $ 2,87 ⋅ 1007
𝑣# 𝑣# = 𝑠 ⋅ 𝑚 =
101 𝑃𝑎 𝑥9!
𝑥# ⋅
𝑃𝑎 ⋅ 𝑚5
8,314 ⋅ 298 [𝐾]
𝑚𝑜𝑙 ⋅ 𝐾

𝑥9!