Group 1 - “Nanoscale Fabrication Techniques”

1. Stages of Photolithography Process- Cleaning, Photoresist Application, Exposure and

Developing, Etching, Deposition of Thin Films, Photoresist Removal
2. Also known as Optical Lithography/UV Lithography- Photolitography
3. Thin slice of semi-conductive material such as crystalline silicon that forms the base for
the photolithography- Wafer
4. Most common ion used for Focused Ion Beam.- Gallium Ion
5. The smallest size range that FIB Gas Assisted Etching can fabricate- 200-300 nm
6. It is the typical transformation of bulk materials into nano-sized materials- Top-Down
Fabrication or Top Down Approach
7. This uses a focused electron beam to print a pattern to a resist- Electron Beam
Lithography
8. What are the two methods for Electron Beam Lithography? Etching and Lift-off
9. This means printing to a stone- Lithography
10. In this process of photolitography, a liquid or wet plasma chemical agent removes the
uppermost layer of the substrate in the areas that are not protected by photoresist-
Etching
11. A French scientist who developed the first photoresist, a component fundamental to
photolitography- Nicephore Niepce
12. What are the three distinctive characteristics on the concept of Self-Assembly? Order,
Interactions, and Building Blocks
13. What was the medium used for the alloying of gold-silver systems? Ethanol
14. A process that usually results in an increase in internal organization of the system- Self-
assembly process
15. Encoded in the shape and properties of the molecules that are used- Final/Desired
Structure
16. These are molecular assemblies formed spontaneously on surfaces by adsorption and
that are organized into relatively large ordered domains- Self-assembled monolayers
17. These are are the most commonly used molecules for self - assembly of monolayers. -
Alkanethiols
18. It is a memory technology that has been investigated for its resistance changing
characteristics with varying applied electrical fields which utilizes metal oxides as
switching material.
a. A.)Static Random Access Memory (SRAM)
b. B.)Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)
c. C.)Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM)
19. The main principle of this FIB technique is to adsorb appropriate precursor gas molecules
on a substrate and exhibit them to an ion beam.- Gas-assisted etching
20. What method was used for the alloying of gold-silver systems? Ultrasonic Irradiation
Group 2 – “Nanomeasurement and Characterization Tools”

1. True or False. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is capable of providing 2-D

images of high quality that may even provide the chance to study the interactions among
living cells and nanovehicles. [False]
2. True or False. Backscattered electron detection (BSE) produces imaging that carries
information on the composition of a sample. The BSE images can also provide
valuable crystallographic, magnetic field, and topographic information. [True]
3. True or False. To acquire SEM pictures, the sample must be both electrically grounded
and electrically conductive at the surface so that charge does not collect. [True]
4. True or False. The electron beam used in SEM gains energy as it interacts with the
sample owing to absorption and random scattering by the material. [False]
5. True or False. In TEM, the denser the specimen the more the electrons are scattered
forming a darker image because fewer electrons reach the screen for visualization while
thinner, more transparent specimens appear brighter. [True]
6. Specimens must be very thin so that electrons are able to pass through the tissue. This
may be done by cutting very thin slices of a specimen’s tissue using an ____________.-
Ultramicrotome
7. It is an analytical technique used to identify organic, polymeric, and, in some cases,
inorganic materials. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
8. It is a type of SEM analysis that generates high-resolution digital images of samples that
are luminescent. Cathodoluminescence
9. In FTIR analysis, the spectrum is recorded on a graph with transmittance recorded on the
X-axis and wavenumber recorded on the Y-axis. [False]
10. One of the applications of FTIR that we are familiar with is the determination of
_____________ in a substance. Functional groups
11. True or False. X-Ray Spectroscopy relies on energy level shifts to generate data, [True]
12. It is a technique for detecting and measuring photons, or light particles, with wavelengths
in the X-ray portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray Spectroscopy
13. Technique used to identify the elemental composition of a sample. EDX or EDS
14. What are the four basic components of an EDX? Source, detector, processor, analyzer
15. EDX or EDS stands for? Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy
16. X-ray spectroscopy measures _________, which allows scientists to identify elements and
understand how the atoms within various materials interact. Change in energy
17. Specialized instruments called __________ are used to measure the unique wavelengths
and radiation dispersion patterns of these photons. X-ray Spectrometers
18. It is a powerful technique that enables the imaging of almost any type of surface, including
polymers, ceramics, composites, glass and biological samples. Atomic Force
Microscopy
19. It is an analytical technique used to identify organic, polymeric, and, in some cases,
inorganic materials. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
20. True or False. Atomic Force Microscopy has two primary groups of operating modes
named Substrate preparation and Activation. [False]
Group Number 3 - “Nanomaterials”
1. Type of polymer which can be derived from nature. These polymers were formed using
condensation or addition polymerization. Natural Polymers
2. Proteins are made up of several amino acid units joined together by _________. Peptide
bonds
3. These are small particles made of metal and can be synthesized by physical, chemical, or
biological-based methods. Metallic Nanoparticles
4. One of the components of a nanosensor which is known as a device that converts one form
of energy to another. Transducer
5. It is a type of composites that has more than one solid phase, in which at least one of the
phases has dimensions in the nanoscale range (<50-100 nm). Ceramic
Nanocomposites
6. These are tiny sensors that are used to detect the presence of chemical species and
nanoparticles. Nanosensors
7. Nanomaterials can be defined as any organic, inorganic, or organometallic material that
present chemical, physical, and/or electrical properties that change as a function of shape
and another characteristic of the material. What is this other characteristic? Size
8.It is a type of nanocomposites characterized by film forming ability, activated functionalities,
and dimensional variability. Polymer Based Nanocomposites
9. They are primarily made up of oxides, carbides, phosphates and carbonates of metals and
metalloids such as calcium, titanium, silicon, etc. They have a wide range of applications
due to a number of favorable properties, such as high heat resistance and chemical
inertness.
10. A low-dimension material fabricated by assembling atomic/molecular/ionic species with a
final thickness in the nm range. Thin film
11. During the 1500s, the British found the ancient ________ in _______, which was thought
to be among the first to discover a use for polymers since their children enjoyed playing
with balls made from local rubber trees. Mayan Civilization, Central America
12. These are complex carbohydrates made up of monosaccharide monomer units, and they
may be found in a wide variety of organisms in nature, including microorganisms, animals,
and plants. Polysaccharides
13. It is an example of polysaccharide that can be obtained by removing an acetyl from chitin.
Chitosan
14. Example of protein that is widely found in mammals and it provides strength to the tissues.
Collagen
15. What are the two types of natural polymers? Polysaccharides and Proteins

16. This is a polysaccharide that is produced from brown algae. Alginate

17. He invented the first synthetic polymer in 1869. John Wesley Hyatt
18. Leo Baekeland invented the first synthetic plastic. What is it called? Bakelite
19. Low-dimension material fabricated by assembling atomic/molecular/ionic species with a
final thickness in nanometer range. Thin Films
20. These are nanomaterials with properties between the metals and nonmetals/metalloids.
Semiconductor Nanomaterials
Group 4 - “Applications of Nanotechnology”

1. Which of the following nanoparticles are commonly used as anti-caking agents?

a. Nano-TiO2
b. Nano-SiO-2
c. Crystalline Nano-SiO-2
d. Amorphous Nano-TiO2

2. _________ has been investigated in waste treatment without the use of chemicals,
resulting in waste that is concentrated and intense, lowering transportation and disposal
costs.
a. Nanosensors
b. Nanoparticles
c. Nanofilters
d. Nanophotocatalyst

3. It is a macromolecule with branched repeating units expanding from a central core and
consists of exterior functional groups.
a. Dendrimers
b. Micelles
c. Liposome
d. Nanotubes

4. Which of the following statements about the application of nanoparticles in food are correct?
I. Nanomaterials are applied in nutrients and health supplements for enhanced absorption
and bioavailability.
II. Crystalline Nano-SiO-2 particles are better than amorphous Nano-SiO-2 in terms of
moisture adsorption in food.
III. ZnO Nanoparticles have prolonged antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes.
IV. Nano-TiO2 particles are useful in food products due to its whitening effect.
a. I, III, and IV
b. I and IV only
c. I, II, and IV
d. I, II, III and IV

5. Are sensors that can absorb harmful gas molecules and are composed of single-layer
nanotubes that are 1 nm thick.
a. Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)
b. Nanostructured Membranes
c. Nanosensors
d. Nanofilters

6. Nanosensors for intelligent and flexible grid management capable of managing highly
decentralized power feeds.

a. Superconductors
b. CNT power lines
c. Smart Grid
d. Polymer composites
7. Properties of nanomaterials that are essential in diagnostic imaging are the following
except:
a. lower toxicity
b. enhanced permeability
c. improved retention effects in tissues
d. examine changes in tissue surface

8. A nanomaterial which is used to detect microbial and other food contaminants and regulate
the food environment. Nanosensor

9. Boost absorption and retention of sunlight. Providing modern nanotechnology designs for
solar cells.
a. Photovoltaics – PV
b. Fuel Cell
c. Nuclear Nanocomposite
d. Thermoelectrics

10. Stated below are the functions/characteristics of a catalyst except.

a. It accelerates chemical processes that change hazardous vapors from automobiles and
industrial facilities into safe gases.
b. It can be used to speed up or reduce the temperature of a chemical reaction.
c. Due to its high surface area, it can interact with more substances at once.
d. It costs a lot.

11. According to the IFST, nano-calcium, nano-magnesium and nano-iron are applications of
nanoparticles in food in terms of nutrients and dietary supplement. Which of the following
does IFST correspond to?
a. Institution for Food, Supplements and Technology
b. Institute of Food and Science Technology
c. Institute of Food, Safety and Technology
d. Institute of Food Science and Technology

12. True or False - A single Photovoltaic device is known as a module/panel. [FALSE]

13. These are made up of nanoparticles or nanostructures such as a nanofoam which can be
employed through the gasification process by increasing the rate of chemical reaction.
Nanocatalysts

14. It is a macromolecule with branched repeating units expanding from a central core and
consists of exterior functional groups.
a. Dendrimers
b. Micelles
c. Liposome
d. Nanotubes
15. It is a substance that, when exposed to sunlight, triggers a chemical process without
alteration.
a. Photosynthesis
b. Titanium dioxide
c. Phosphorus
d. Photocatalyst

16. A very hydrophilic and can decompose most organic contaminants nanoparticles that
exhibit more desirable photocatalytic capabilities than bigger particles because they have
a higher surface-to-volume ratio.

a. Ammonium
b. Titanium dioxide
c. Pathogens
d. Uranium

17. What does OLED stand for? Organic Light Emitting Diode

18. The following are the classifications of energy in its application in nanotechnology except.

a. Energy Source
b. Energy Change
c. Energy Distribution
d. Energy Transport

19. It is an amphiphilic surfactant molecule that consists of lipids and amphiphilic molecules.
a. Liposome
b. Micelles
c. Quantum Dots
d. Nanodiamond

20. These are the substances that helps in enhancing the radiodensity of a targeted tissue
by altering the way that electromagnetic radiation or ultrasound waves pass through the
body except:
a. Quantum Dots
b. Gold Colloids
c. Carbon Nanotubes
d. Rare-earth doped Nanoparticles
Group 5 - “Nanomaterials in the Environment”

1. Why does nanotechnology impose health and environmental risks? Because they are
more reactive and can accumulate.
2. It is a one-step method and produces large-scale nanotube material. Floating catalyst
chemical vapor deposition (FC-CVD) Method
3. This provides a total packaging solution that can be categorized as both intelligent and
active packaging. Smart Packaging
4. The process wherein the nanomaterial from the packaging transfers into the foodstuff when
the packaging is used. Nanomaterial Migration
5. It is a disease characterised by transmural inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. It is of
unknown aetiology, but it is suggested that a combination of genetic predisposition and
environmental factors play a role. Crohn's Disease
6. This dictates the pathogenic effects of inhaled solid materials. It is determined by the rates
of deposition and clearance. Lung Burden
7. It is also known as “Grätzel solar cells”, which have a photoanode made of a metallic oxide
and sensitized with a dye. Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC)
8. These are currently known as the most important dyes for the production of highly efficient
DSSCs. Inorganic Dyes
9. It demonstrated remarkable applicability potential and has been established that these
particles are non-toxic by nature. Silica Nanoparticles
10. Silica Nanoparticles are synthesized via these two approaches. Top-Down and Bottom-
Up Approach
11. Known as one of the most diverse groups of secondary metabolites found in edible plants.
Silver nanoparticle
12. Silver nanoparticles are known for? High thermal stability and highest antimicrobial
activity
13. It is one of the most vital and fascinating nanomaterials among several metallic
nanoparticles that are involved in biomedical applications and according to studies, its
market will reach USD 3 billion by 2024. Silver Nanoparticles
14. True or False. The effect of silver nanoparticles on rice is dependent upon the size and
concentration of the silver nanoparticles. [True]
15. A photoprotective topical product for the skin that helps protect against sunburn and most
importantly prevent skin cancer. Sunscreen
16. Two common inorganic components of sunscreen which are commonly known as physical
blockers of sunlight. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Titanium oxide (TiO2)
17. Responsible for causing photo-ageing, photo-immunosuppression and photo-
carcinogenesis and it ranges between 315-400 nm. UVA rays
18-19.) Two types of UV radiation that are primarily for causing carcinogenic skin damage.
UVA and UVB
20. Measure of how much solar energy (UV radiation) is required to produce sunburn on
protected skin relative to the amount of solar energy required to produce sunburn on
unprotected skin. Sun protective factor (SPF)