Efecto Compton

h⌫
1
= h
E0 = h ⌫ = ~! E1 1 Em = m 0 c 2
=
p1
✓

mp0~ ‘ p~
‘
E0
vF
p F = mF p
1 vF2 /c2

vF ! c
E h⌫ h
p = |~| =F ! =
pm 0 =
c c
P = (p0 , p~)
✓ ◆2
E 2
P 2 = m2F c2 = |~
p|
c
 h
px = p = px = p1 cos ✓ + p0 cos
py = 0 py = p1 sin ✓ p0 sin
Antes ET = E + m0 c 2 E T = E1 + E 0

h
px = p = fotón incidente
h
py = 0 = p1 cos ✓ + p0 cos
fotón +
ET = E + m0 c 2 m0 en reposo 0 = p1 sin ✓ p0 sin
E + m 0 c 2 = E1 + E 0
Después
h
px = p1 cos ✓ + p0 cos = p1 cos ✓ + p0 cos
fotón emergente +
py = p1 sin ✓ p0 sin p1 sin ✓ = p0 sin
m0 en movimiento
E T = E1 + E 0 E = K + E1 K = E0 m0 c 2

h
= p1 cos ✓ + p0 cos ✓ ◆2
p1 sin ✓ = p0 sin h h 2
2 p1 cos ✓ + p21 = p0
E = K + E1 K = E0 m0 c 2

K = c (p p1 )
✓ ◆2 K2
h 2 p0 =
2
+ 2 K m0
p1 cos ✓ = (p0 cos ) c2
2
p21 sin2 ✓ = p0 sin2 ✓ ◆2
h h K2
✓ ◆2 2 p1 cos ✓ + p21 = 2 + 2K m0
h h 2
c
2 p1 cos ✓ + p21 = p0
✓ ◆2
h h 2
E 2
02 2 p1 cos ✓ + p21 = (p p1 ) + 2c(p p 1 ) m0
p0 = m20 c2
c2
2 2
E0 = c2 p0 + (m0 c2 )2 = (K + m0 c2 )2 ✓ ◆2
h h
2 02 2 2 2
c p + (m0 c ) = K + 2 K m0 c + (m0 c ) 2 2 2 2 p1 cos ✓ + p21 = p2 + p21 2 p p1 + 2c m0 p 2c m0 p1
2 02 2 2
c p = K + 2K m0 c K2
2
p0 = + 2 K m0 ✓ ◆
c2 h2 h2 1 1
cos ✓ = + m0 c h
1 1 1
 ✓ ◆
h2 h2 1 1 h 12
cos ✓ = + m0 c h C = = 2, 426 pm = 2, 426 ⇥ 10 m
1 1 1 m0 c
m0 c P h 15
cos ✓ = 1+ ( ) C = = 1, 321 f m = 1, 321 ⇥ 10 m
1 mP c
h
Wavelength 1 µm 100 nm 10 nm 1 nm 100 pm 10 pm 1 pm 100 fm
1 = = C (1 cos ✓) visi ble light soft X−rays gamma rays
ultraviolet light hard X−rays
h 12 Photon energy 1 eV 10 eV 100 eV 1 keV 10 keV 100 keV 1 MeV 10 MeV
C = = 2, 426 pm = 2, 426 ⇥ 10 m
m0 c

P h 15
X-ray crystallography Mammography Medical CT Airport security
C = = 1, 321 f m = 1, 321 ⇥ 10 m
mP c

380 nm 750 nm

Bremstrahlung λmin⇔K’=0 ⇒ h ν=K electrón frenado

0
K
te hc
=
K
en =K=e V
h⌫ e rg min
K em hc
n min =
tó e V
Electrón Fo

Núcleo
K’

Electrón
hc 0
=K K
λmax→∞ ⇒ h ν=0 no hay fotón emergente
λmin⇔K’=0 ⇒ h ν=K electrón frenado
 Proceso de colisión Proceso de colisión
fallido
fotón incidente electrón fotón incidente electrón

✓ ◆
E
Producción de Pares p = p e + p e+ + p R p = , p~
c
e carga negativa
E2
K+ +
e carga positiva p2 = p~ · p~ = 0
+e
c2
R núcleo
E = h⌫
núcleo

-e

K-

h⌫ = E + E+ = (m0 c2 + K ) + (m0 c2 + K+ ) = K + K+ + 2 m0 c2

h ⌫ > 2 m0 c2 Límite inferior para la energía