Quantum cosmology

Quantum cosmology[1][2] is the attempt in

theoretical physics to develop a quantum
theory of the universe. This approach
attempts to answer open questions of
classical physical cosmology, particularly
those related to the first phases of the
universe.

Classical cosmology is based on Albert

Einstein's general theory of relativity (GTR
or simply GR) which describes the
evolution of the universe very well, as long
as you do not approach the Big Bang. It is
the gravitational singularity and the Planck
time where relativity theory fails to provide
what must be demanded of a final theory
of space and time. Therefore, a theory is
needed that integrates relativity theory and
quantum theory.[3] Such an approach is
attempted for instance with loop quantum
cosmology, loop quantum gravity, string
theory and causal set theory.[4]

In quantum cosmology, the universe is

treated as a wave function instead of
classical spacetime.[5]
See also
String cosmology
Brane cosmology
Loop quantum cosmology
Top-down cosmology
Non-standard cosmology
Loop quantum gravity
Canonical quantum gravity
Dark energy
Minisuperspace
Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein equation
Theory of everything
References
Bojowald, Martin (2011). Quantum
Cosmology. A Fundamental Description
of the Universe. Lecture Notes in
Physics. Vol. 835. Springer. ISBN 978-1-
4419-8276-6.

Notes

1. Bojowald, Martin (2015). "Quantum

cosmology: A review". Reports on Progress
in Physics. 78 (2): 023901.
arXiv:1501.04899 (https://arxiv.org/abs/15
01.04899) . Bibcode:2015RPPh...78b3901B
(https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015RP
Ph...78b3901B) . doi:10.1088/0034-
4885/78/2/023901 (https://doi.org/10.108
 8%2F0034-4885%2F78%2F2%2F023901) .
PMID 25582917 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.
nih.gov/25582917) . S2CID 18463042 (http
s://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1846
3042) .

2. Chiou, Dah-Wei (2015). "Loop quantum

gravity". International Journal of Modern
Physics D. 24 (1): 1530005–1530331.
arXiv:1412.4362 (https://arxiv.org/abs/141
2.4362) . Bibcode:2015IJMPD..2430005C
(https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IJ
MPD..2430005C) .
doi:10.1142/S0218271815300050 (https://
doi.org/10.1142%2FS021827181530005
0) . S2CID 16655619 (https://api.semantics
cholar.org/CorpusID:16655619) .
3. Stephen Hawking wrote 1999: So what the
singularity theorems are really telling us, is
that the universe had a quantum origin, and
that we need a theory of quantum
cosmology, if we are to predict the present
state of the universe."Quantum Cosmology,
M-theory and the Anthropic Principle -
Stephen Hawking" (https://web.archive.org/
web/20150214222724/http://www.hawkin
g.org.uk/quantum-cosmology-m-theory-and
-the-anthropic-principle.html) . Archived
from the original (http://www.hawking.org.u
k/quantum-cosmology-m-theory-and-the-an
thropic-principle.html) on 2015-02-14.
Retrieved 2015-02-14.

4. Klebanov, Igor & Maldacena, Juan (2009).

"Solving Quantum Field Theories via Curved
 Spacetimes" (https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.
3074260) . Physics Today. 62 (1): 28.
Bibcode:2009PhT....62a..28K (https://ui.ads
abs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PhT....62a..28
K) . doi:10.1063/1.3074260 (https://doi.or
g/10.1063%2F1.3074260) .

5. He, Dongshan; Gao, Dongfeng; Cai, Qing-yu

(2014). "Spontaneous creation of the
universe from nothing". Physical Review D.
89 (8): 083510. arXiv:1404.1207 (https://ar
xiv.org/abs/1404.1207) .
Bibcode:2014PhRvD..89h3510H (https://ui.
adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhRvD..89h3
510H) . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.89.083510
(https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.89.0
83510) . S2CID 118371273 (https://api.se
manticscholar.org/CorpusID:118371273) .
External links
A Layman's Explanation of Quantum
Cosmology (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20090917194718/http://www.damtp.
cam.ac.uk/user/gr/public/qg_qc.html)
Lectures on Quantum Cosmology by J.J.
Halliwell (https://arxiv.org/abs/0909.25
66)

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