03a Paper Paperboard and CFB

4/1/2018
Internationally Approved Food Technology Program by IFT and IUFoST

ITP431 Food Packaging and Storage Technology
Dr. Nugraha E. Suyatma and Prof. Dr. Rizal Syarief

Food Science and Technology Department
Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB
Learning Outcome
Upon successful completion of this topic,

students will be able to:
 3. describe the properties of paper and

paperboard materials and their application as
food packaging.
2
Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST
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Sub Topik
3.1 Paper Making
3.2 Paper Types and

Application
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4
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History of Paper Making

105 A.D. Ts'ai Lun, a Chinese court official, invented
paper mulberry bark, hemp and rags with water
Paper was first produced in Egypt around 900 A.D.
England early in the 14th Century
To this point all paper and books

were produced by hand
Gutenberg Press in 1436

On September 30, 1452 Guttenberg's Bible
was published
The printing press allowed

printed materials to be
produced at a greater rate
thus increasing the demand
for paper
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History of Paper
TheMaking
Fourdrinier
1st Fourdrinier machine in

the US, 1827

Two major advancements in pulping were
developed in the late 1800s
1866 1879
American Benjamin Tilghman German chemist, C. F. Dahl,
developed the sulfite developed the Kraft
pulping process pulping process
Dominant pulping 1930s dominant pulping
process until the 1930s process and still is
today
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Sources of Cellulose Fibre
Paper and paperboard are sheet materials produced

from cellulose fibers derived from wood, straw,
bagasse, ...
Sources of Cellulose Fibre

Source Fibre length
hardwoods 2 mm
softwoods 4 mm
straw, bagasse < 2 mm
recycled paper wide range, depending on source
PAPERMAKING
The process of going from Pulp to Paper
Objectives of Papermaking:
 Good formation
 Physical and optical properties
 High capacity (tons paper/day)
01/04/2018 Food Packaging and

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Storage Technology
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PAPERMAKING STEPS
STOCK PREPARATION (WET-END)
 Refining, Screens, Cleaners, Chemical
additives
PAPERMACHINE
 Headbox, Forming section, Press Section,
Dryers, Size Press, Paper Reel
DRY-END
 Coating, Calendaring, Rewinding, Packaging

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Storage Technology
PAPERMAKING STEPS

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Storage Technology
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Pulping processes
Pulping aims to separate cellulose fibers from the
wood structure.
Possible types of pulp production are:
»Kraft (68%)
»mechanical (22%)
»semi-chemical (4%)
»sulphite (4%)
»dissolving (2%).

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Storage Technology
Kraft Pulping
Sulfate or Kraft pulping was invented in
Germany in 1884 and remains the
dominating technology today.
Advantages:
 higher pulp strength
 wider variety of wood species may be used
 more effective at removing impurities like resins.
Disadvantage:
 the pulp yield is low, less than 50%.
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WET-END OPERATIONS: 1. REFINING

Purpose of Refining:
 Collapse fibers to improve bonding
 Fibrilates (Shreds fibers) to improve bonding

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Storage Technology
WET-END OPERATIONS: 1. REFINING

Refining Increases Bonding
Before Refining After Refining

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Storage Technology
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2. PRESSURE SCREENS
Remove large contaminants
 Plastics
 Metals
 Rocks
3. Centrifugal Cleaners
Use centrifugal force to remove contaminants
Remove particles that are lighter or heavier than
pulp, e.g. Plastics and Dirt

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Storage Technology
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4. Chemical Paper Additives

 Acids and Bases
 Control pH
 Sizing Agents
 Rosin, waxes
 Used for paper grades requiring water reppelency or
controlled rate of water absorption.
 Dry Strength Additives
 Starch and other polymers.
 Used to improve strength and stiffness of paper
 Wet Strength Additives
 Polymers that crosslink to fiber surfaces
 Used for paper grades such as towelling
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Storage Technology
4. Chemical Paper Additives (Cont.)

 Fillers
 Clay, talc, TiO2
 Used to improve optical and surface properties for
printing grade papers
 Retention Aids
 Polymers that improve retention of fiber fines and
fillers.
 Defoamers
 Improve water drainage and sheet formation
 Slimicides
 Controls slime growth and other microorganisms in
papermachine whitewater.
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Storage Technology
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PAPER MACHINE
Headbox and Forming Section
Press Section
Dryer Section

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Storage Technology
PAPERMACHINE BASICS: Fourdrinier Machine
Headbox: Distribute fibers onto wire

Forming Section: Form sheet and remove water
Press Section: Remove more water and improve
smoothness and bonding
Dryer Section: Dry paper using steam
Paper Reel: Roll up paper
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Storage Technology
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DRYER SECTION
Water removed by evaporation using steam heated
cylinders

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Storage Technology
SIZE PRESS
Puts surface coating of a sizing agent on a sheet,
usually starch.
Decreases water and air permeability and increase
paper strength.

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Storage Technology
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CALENDARING
Means to "press with a roll", to smooth surface of
paper sheet.
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PAPER REEL : To roll paper

This is the end of the Line papermaking
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DO YOU KNOW ??
Paper can be made from Cotton, bagasse, bamboo,
rice straw, wheat straw, Grass...
or from almost anything which has cellulose?
PAPER IS A PURE CELLULOSE PLUS SOME

ADDITIVES.
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3.2 TYPES OF PAPER
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a. Kraft Paper
Kraft paper is made using kraft processing
with the use of sulfate in the conditioning of
the wood pulp, which also helps to add to the
overall strength of the finished paper.
One of the most common uses of plain brown
kraft paper is in the manufacture of paper
bags for use in grocery stores.
b. Sulfite Paper
 Lighter and weaker than kraft paper.
 Sulfite paper is glazed to improve its appearance
and to increase its wet strength and oil resistance.
 In the production process of sulfite paper, the wood
pulp is treated with peroxide or hypochlorite and
subjected to operations that yield a thick paper
product.
 It can be coated for higher print quality, and is also
used in laminates with plastic or foil.
It is used to make small bags and wrappers
for packaging biscuits and confectionery.
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c. Greaseproof Paper
 Greaseproof paper is made by a process known as beating, in

which the cellulose fibers undergo longer than normal
hydration period that causes the fibers to break up and
become gelatinous.
 These fine fibers thereafter pack densely to provide a surface
that is resistant to oils but not to wet agents.
 Greaseproof paper is used to wrap snack foods, cookies,
candy bars and other oily foods, a use that is being replaced
by plastic films.
 Glassine is greaseproof paper with a highly smooth and glossy
finish. It is used as a liner for biscuits, cooking fats, fast foods
and baked goods.
d. Parchment Paper
 Parchment paper is produced from acid-treated pulp
(passed through a sulfuric acid bath).
 The acid modifies the cellulose to make it smoother
and impervious to water and oil, which adds some
wet strength.
 It does not provide a good barrier to air and
moisture, is not heat-sealable, and is used mostly to
package bakery products with a high fat content.
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e. PAPER BOARD
 Paperboard is thicker than paper, with a higher

weight per unit area, and is often made in multiple
layers.
 It is commonly used to make containers for

shipping, such as boxes, cartons and trays and is
seldom used for direct food contact.
 There are several different types of paperboard,

including white board, solid board, fiber board and
chipboard (Soroka,1999).
PAPERBOARD IS WIDELY USED AS DISTRIBUTION

PACKAGING
• Secondary and tertiary packaging
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PAPERBOARD IS WIDELY USED AS DISTRIBUTION

PACKAGING
CLASSIFICATION
Single face
Single wall
double wall
triple wall
Flat sheet
Corrugated paper
atau “medium”
Flat sheet
Flute
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BERDASARKAN profile lapisannya (Flute), CFB dibedakan

menjadi:
Flute Tinggi medium Jml flute per Panjang flute
(mm) meter (mm)
A (besar) e>4,5 110 - 116 8,6 – 9,1
B (kecil) 2=<e<3,5 152 - 159 6,3 – 6,6
C (sedang) 3,5=<e<8,1 123 - 137 7,3 – 8,1
E (mikro) <2 294 - 313 3,2 – 3,4
Perbedaan fungsi lapisan CFB:
1. Lapisan datar: resisten terhadap gesekan, goresan, kelembaban
dan tempat pelabelan.
2. Lapisan medium/bergelombang:
• Memberikan ketebalan CFB
• Menambah kekuatan thd flexion, compression, tensile strength
PEMBUATAN KARTON BERGELOMBANG (CFB)
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Video PEMBUATAN KARTON BERGELOMBANG (CFB)
BENTUK-BENTUK KEMASAN CFB….1
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4/1/2018
BENTUK-BENTUK KEMASAN CFB…..2
CARA PENYAMBUNGAN:
1. Diplester
2. Dilem
3. Dikelim dgn
1 2 3 "stapler"
BENTUK-BENTUK KEMASAN CFB…..STANDAR ECMA
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Automatisasi Kemasan Karton dan Paperboard
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Penandaan (labeling), Pemotongan pola dan

perlakuan khusus kemasan karton dan
paperboard
Penandaan (labeling) kemasan karton dan paperboard (NF ISO 780)
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Penandaan (labeling) kemasan karton dan

paperboard
Symbol grafis pada kemasan transport (NF ISO 780)
Perlakuan khusus kemasan karton dan

paperboard
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KEMASAN KARTON/CFB TAHAN AIR
 Pelapisan dengan parafin, wax

 inkorporasi lemak/minyak dalam proses pembuatan
Skema pembuatan kemasan karton/paperboard (folding karton)
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Cara Penumpukan
Penumpukan Lurus Penumpukan Menyilang
MANA YANG LEBIH BAIK ????

Penampakan tumpukan
Luas penampang tumpukan lebih besar dari penampang
lebih kecil dari luas penampang palet
palet

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Jarak antar papan pd palet menentukan ketahanan thd

tekanan dr atas dr kemasan karton
Kehilangan daya tahan terhadap tekanan vertikal yang disebabkan oleh cara
penumpukan kemasan logistik (L'emballage Ondulé de France - ONDEF, 2000)
Yang tumpukan lurus lebih kuat dibandingkan yang disilang-silang.
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Ketahanan kemasan karton terhadap

stress/kompressi
Pengaruh bentuk dinding kemasan terhadap tekanan dari atas

(bukan merupakan fungsi dari penjumlahan sederhana).
Tekanan yang dialami produk/kemasan logistik

selama penanganannya:
Tekanan yang dialami kemasan produk paling
bawah mengalami dua macam tekanan:
• gaya tekan dari atas dan gaya reaksi.
(Handbook of Food Package Engineering)
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Pengaruh waktu penyimpanan dan Kelembaban (RH) terhadap RCV
Pengaruh Kelembaban (RH) terhadap Ketahanan beban tumpukan
Kadar air karton sebagai fungsi dari Suhu

dan kelembaban
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Pengaruh waktu penyimpanan dan Kelembaban (RH) terhadap RCV

Ketahanan thd tekanan suatu kemasan dipengaruhi oleh
lama penyimpanan dan kondisi klimatik.
(Nilai 100: t=0 bulan)
Warna merah: disimpan pada 23°C - RH 50%
Warna kuning: disimpan pada 38°C - RH 90%
DEFORMASI KEMASAN KARTON AKIBAT TEKANAN DARI DALAM DAN

DARI LUAR
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4/1/2018
‫شكرا‬ ‫شكرا‬ ‫شكرا‬
ขอขอบคุณ
谢谢
ありがとうございました
63
32

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4/1/2018

Internationally Approved Food Technology Program by IFT and IUFoST

Dr. Nugraha E. Suyatma and Prof. Dr. Rizal Syarief

Upon successful completion of this topic,

 3. describe the properties of paper and

3.1 Paper Making

3.2 Paper Types and

History of Paper Making

To this point all paper and books

Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

History of Paper Making

Gutenberg Press in 1436

The printing press allowed

Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

1st Fourdrinier machine in

History of Paper Making

Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

Sources of Cellulose Fibre

Paper and paperboard are sheet materials produced

Sources of Cellulose Fibre

Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

01/04/2018 Food Packaging and

01/04/2018 Food Packaging and

01/04/2018 Food Packaging and

01/04/2018 Food Packaging and

Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

WET-END OPERATIONS: 1. REFINING

01/04/2018 Food Packaging and

WET-END OPERATIONS: 1. REFINING

01/04/2018 Food Packaging and

Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

01/04/2018 Food Packaging and

4. Chemical Paper Additives

4. Chemical Paper Additives (Cont.)

01/04/2018 Food Packaging and

PAPERMACHINE BASICS: Fourdrinier Machine

Headbox: Distribute fibers onto wire

01/04/2018 Food Packaging and

01/04/2018 Food Packaging and

PAPER REEL : To roll paper

PAPER IS A PURE CELLULOSE PLUS SOME

3.2 TYPES OF PAPER

Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

 Greaseproof paper is made by a process known as beating, in

Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

 Paperboard is thicker than paper, with a higher

 It is commonly used to make containers for

 There are several different types of paperboard,

Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

PAPERBOARD IS WIDELY USED AS DISTRIBUTION

Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

PAPERBOARD IS WIDELY USED AS DISTRIBUTION

Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

BERDASARKAN profile lapisannya (Flute), CFB dibedakan

PEMBUATAN KARTON BERGELOMBANG (CFB)

Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

Video PEMBUATAN KARTON BERGELOMBANG (CFB)

Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

BENTUK-BENTUK KEMASAN CFB….1

Internationally Recognized Undergraduate Program by IFT & IUFoST

BENTUK-BENTUK KEMASAN CFB…..2