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LEARNING ACTIVITY # 9.4
Type of Activity (check or choose from below)
Concept Notes Laboratory Report Portfolio
Skills: Exercise / Drill Illustration Others: ___________________
Activity Title : Energy Through Sound Waves
Learning Target : : Explain how energy travels in the form of sound waves.
References : Science in Our World, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. by Vibal Group Inc.
(Author, Title, Pages) : Sound 101. https://www.ducksters.com/
: Worksheets by Liveworksheet
Activity 1
Direction: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer and encircle the correct answer.

1. A vibration, or wave, that travels through matter (solid, 9. The harder you strike a drum, the greater the sound's
liquid, or gas) and can be heard is called ___________. a. pitch
b. medium
2. The loudness of a sound is called c. volume
a. sound wave. d. frequency
b. volume.
c. amplitude. 10. The unit of frequency is measured in Hertz.
d. Pitch a. True
b. False
3. What happens to a sound if the frequency of the vibrations
increases? 11. When you make sounds by plucking a rubber band, you
a. The pitch increases. make the rubber band move back and forth very quickly.
b. The volume decreases. This movement is called
c. The sound echoes. a. loudness.
d. The sound gets louder. b. amplitude.
c. pitch.
4. The sound you hear when something is moving faster than d. vibration.
the speed of sound.
a. vibration 12. A reflection of sound is called _____________________.
b. pitch wave
c. high pitch 13. When a wave source is moving toward or away from an
d. sonic boom object, the wavelength changes, a phenomenon known as
the ________________________________.
5. Sound waves cannot travel through
a. a solid
b. gases 14. Why is sound used for taking pictures of the babies inside
c. empty space the womb?
d. liquids a. Sound is the least harmful among sound, light, and
heat.
6. As the frequency of a sound wave increases, the b. The babies inside the womb can already hear sounds,
wavelength but cannot see yet.
a. decreases c. Light will not pass through the mother’s skin and flesh,
b. stays the same while heat will be absorb and will not be reflected.
c. increases d. Sound can be transmitted safely through human tissues
d. fluctuates and fluids, and can be reflected back to be used for
imaging.
7. If a sound's pitch is high, its source is
a. an echo. 15. Bats use sound to navigate through caves and to track
b. vibrating quickly. flying insects called
c. nearby. a. Ultrasonic imaging
d. a sonic boom. b. Extrasensory hearing
c. Echolocation
8. Which of the following is a characteristic of sound waves? d. Sound navigation and ranging.
a. A medium is necessary for the waves to travel.
b. The waves are transverse.
c. Different types can be compared on the
electromagnetic spectrum.
d. They travel faster than other waves.

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Activity 2

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LET’S EXPERIMENT!
Name : Sound Proofing
Purpose: Explain how soundproofing works.
Materials:

Glue Whistle
Empty paper cup Paper cup with cotton
balls

Procedure:
 Glue cotton balls all over inside one of the paper cups leaving no gaps between cotton balls.
 Take the empty paper cup, cotton ball cup, and whistle outside.
 Blow the whistle into the empty cup gently.
 Blow the whistle into the cotton ball cup.

Observation and Conclusion:

1. What have you observed?
a. Empty cup
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. Cup with cotton balls

____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Explain your answer.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

ATTACHMENT: LAS # 9.4 (Do not copy)

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WHAT IS A SOUND?
In physics, the sound is defined as a vibration or waves that propagates as an audible wave of pressure, through a medium such as a
gas, liquid or solid.

HOW DOES SOUND MOVE OR PROPAGATE?

The vibration is started by some mechanical movement, such as someone plucking a guitar string or knocking on a door. This causes a
vibration on the molecules next to the mechanical event (i.e., where your hand hit the door when knocking). When these molecules
vibrate, they in turn cause the molecules around them to vibrate. The vibration will spread from molecule to molecule causing the
sound to travel. Without vibrations, there is no sound.
Sound must travel through matter because it needs the vibration of molecules to propagate. Because outer space is a vacuum with no
matter, it is very quiet. The matter that transports the sound is called the medium.
Like light, sound can also be reflected. When a sound wave strikes a smooth, hard surface, it bounces back. The reflected sound is
called echo.
Sometimes, there is a need to confine sounds in a certain area so they cannot disturb. To do this, places like studios install vinyl boards
to trap the sounds within the room and block from being heard outside. This is called soundproofing.

HOW IS SOUND TRANSMITTED AND HEARD?

The force of impact between two bodies and the vibrations of bodies
causes the air molecules around them to vibrate. The vibrating air
molecules pass on the energy to adjacent air molecules.
In each of our ears, we have a very sensitive membrane called the
eardrum. The vibrating air causes the eardrum to vibrate. The small
bones called ossicles, which composes— hammer (malleus), anvil
(incus), and stirrup (stapes), carry the energy to the brain through
the auditory nerve.

SPEED OF SOUND
The speed of sound is how fast the wave or vibrations pass through the medium or matter. The type of matter has a large impact on the
speed at which the sound will travel. For example, sound travels faster in water than air. Sound travels even faster in steel. The sound
you hear when something is moving faster than the speed of sound is called sonic boom.
In dry air, sound travels at 343 meters per second (768 mph) which may decrease or increase depending on the temperature and the
moisture content of the air. At this rate, sound will travel one mile in around five seconds. Sound travels four times faster in water
(1,482 meters per second) and around 13 times faster through steel (4,512 meters per second). Sound travels more slowly than light.

WAYS OF PRODUCING SOUND

The sound produced by these vibrating objects reach your ears as vibrations
1. Tapping/striking an object
2. Strumming/plucking strings
3. Blowing air into an object
4. Rubbing two things together
USES OF SOUND
⁻ Sirens and fire alarms produce sound to warn people of dangers and emergencies.
⁻ Some animals produce sound to attract partners, warn other animals of danger, and to communicate with each other.
⁻ People use the sound of their voice to share information with others, to communicate with one another, and to entertain people.
⁻ Musicians play musical instruments to produce music.
VOLUME
The volume of sound is the measure of loudness. To quantify volume, we
use decibels. The more decibels, the louder the sound is. A soft sound, like
a whisper will measure around 15-20 decibels. A loud sound like a jet
engine is more like 150 decibels. The threshold of pain occurs at around
130 decibels.
Loud sound can actually damage your ears and cause loss of hearing. Even
sounds as loud as 85 decibels can ruin your ears if you listen to them over
a long period of time. For this reason, it is a good idea not to listen loud
music or have your headphones turned up too loud.
PROPERTIES OF SOUND
1. Pitch or frequency refers to the highness and lowness of notes. When
vibrations are fast, high notes are heard. When vibrations are slow,
low notes are heard.

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2. Quality refers to the shape of the sound waves an object produces. The smoother the shape of the waves, the better the quality of
the sound and the more pleasing to the ears. If the shape of the waves are ragged, the sound they produce is noise and unpleasant
to the ears.
3. Loudness or amplitude refers to the volume or sound pressure produced by the vibrations of an object. If the sound produces
high pressure, the sound becomes louder. Sound with high pressure becomes irritating to the ears.
4. Timber is the difference in the sound produced to the same pitch and amplitude. Timbre is actually defined as; if two different
sounds have the same frequency and amplitude, then by definition they have different timbres.

PITCH AND FREQUENCY

An important measurement of sound is the frequency. This is how fast the sound wave is oscillating. This is different than how fast
the wave travels through the medium. Frequency is measured in hertz. The faster the sound wave oscillates the higher pitch it will
have. For example, on a guitar a big heavy string will vibrate slowly and create a low sound or pitch. A thinner lighter string will
vibrate faster and create a high sound or pitch.

TALKING
Not only is hearing sound important, but we also create sound to communicate. The process of making precise sounds for speech is
very complex and involves many parts of the body working together. Sounds are made by our vocal cords vibrating in our throat. This
way we can adjust our volume and our pitch. We also use our lungs to force air past our vocal cords and start them vibrating. We use
our mouth and tongue as well to help form specific sounds. It's truly amazing we can make a sound let alone the complex system of
sounds humans can create to communicate with speech.
ACOUSTICS
Acoustics is the study of how sound travels. It's important in controlling how sound behaves and is used in designing buildings like
auditoriums, theaters, and libraries. In some cases, acoustics is used to help sound travel. For example, in a large concert hall,
acoustics helps so that everyone in the building, even the back seat, can hear the music. In a library, acoustic design would help to
keep sound from traveling to help the library stay quiet.
There are two main ways to control acoustics:
1. Reverberation - reverberation is how sounds bounce off things. Typically, a "loud" room would be one where the sound is
reverberating off the walls and floors. Some materials echo sounds better than others. For example, a tile floor will reverberate a
sound better than a carpeted floor (which would absorb the sound).
2. Absorption - The opposite of reverberation, items that absorb sound don't reflect the vibrations. Soft items such as carpet and
curtains will help to absorb sound and make a room quieter. Sound absorption is a process in which sound energy is reduced
when sound waves pass through the medium or strike a surface.

THE DOPPLER EFFECT

If you are standing still and a car drives past you, the frequency of the sound will change as the car passes you. This is called the
Doppler Effect. The sound pitch will be higher as the car is coming towards you and then lower as the car moves away. The sound
the car is producing is not changing. Its frequency is the same. However, as the car is traveling towards you the speed of the car is
causing the sound waves to hit your ear faster or at a higher frequency than the car is making them. Once the car passes you, the sound
waves are actually reaching your ear at a lower frequency. The Doppler Effect is named for scientist Christian Doppler who
discovered it in 1842.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND WAVES
1. Reflection of Sound Waves:
This property of sound is responsible for the phenomenon of the echo.
Also, the rolling of thunder is largely due to the repeated reflections from
the clouds and land surfaces. The reflection of sound follows the same
principle as light waves. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of
reflection. For an appreciable reflection, the reflecting surface should have
a large surface area, like a cloud. This principle of reflection is used in a
technology known as SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging) where the
sound waves are used, usually underwater, to navigate and communicate.
The sound waves that reflect from objects are used to detect objects on or
under the surface of the water.

2. Refraction of Sound Waves:

Refraction in light occurs when the density of the medium in which light is
travelling changes. Similarly, Refraction in Sound occurs when the density
of the atmosphere it is travelling through changes. The density of a gas
decreases with the rise in temperature, inversely proportional. In fact, it is
so similar to light waves that it even undergoes Total Internal Reflection.

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3. Diffraction of Sound Waves:

Think about this for a minute. If you shut the door and shout for your
friend outside your room, he can still hear you. Sound waves have the
ability to bend around obstacles. If there is a small hole in the door, the
small opening itself would act as a localized source of the sound. The
diffraction of sound waves is an important part of our experience of the
world around us. The lightning strikes close to your sound like a sharp
crack and yet the distant strikes sound of deep rumbling thunder. This is
because the deeper tones of sound waves can bend across obstacles better
than the sharp sounds so you hear only the deep rumbling. Light waves to
undergo diffraction but of a significantly lesser magnitude.
HOW DOES ULTRASONOGRAPHY WORK?
The ultrasound image is produced by sending sound waves of 1-
10 million hertz through a transducer by placing it over
structures of the body. The sound waves are either absorbed or
bounce back to crystals in the head of the transducer. Ultrasound
is safe for the fetus because it uses soundwaves instead of
radiation to produce images of a fetus in the uterus.
ECHOLOCATION
Nature’s own sonar system, echolocation occurs when an animal
emits a sound wave that bounces off an object, returning an echo
that provides information about the object’s distance and size.
Over a thousand species echolocate, including most bats, all
toothed whales, and small mammals. Many are nocturnal,
burrowing, and ocean-dwelling animals that rely on echolocation
to find food in the environment with little to no light. Animals
have several methods for echolocation, from vibrating their
throats to flapping their wings.

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