MODULE III : Sigmund Freud’s 
Psychoanalytic
Theory
Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory  and lack of leadership traits.
 Sigmund Freud  in relating with people as they fight these
 An Austrian neurologist who developed
psychoanalysis, a method through which an
analyst unpacks unconscious conflicts based on
the free associations, dreams and fantasies of
the patient. His theories on child sexuality,
libido and the ego, among other topics, were
some of the most influential academic
concepts of the 20th century.
 According to Freud, his theory of
psychosexual development includes five
stages.  A person  goes through these stages
and along  the way there are needs to be met.  perfection, and control
Whether these needs  are met or
not, determines whether the person will develop
a healthy personality or not. 
Psychosexual Development
Sigmund Freud identified the following:
a. erogenous zones – these are specific pleasure
areas that become focal points in each stage of
development.
b. fixation – if needs are not met along the area, a
fixation occurs.  * Based on his studies, he believe that during this
Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development 
1. Oral Stage (birth to 18 months). 
* erogenous is the mouth
* the child is focused on oral pleasures (sucking)
* too much or too little satisfaction can lead to an
Oral Fixation or Oral Personality
  a. Oral receptive – have a stronger tendency to
smoke, drink alcohol, overeat
  b. Oral aggressive – tendency to bite his /her
nails, or use curse words or even  gossip
As a results these persons may become :
a. too dependent on others, easily fooled,
 
b. may become pessimistic and aggressive
tendencies.
2. Anal Stage (18 months to 3 years)
* erogenous zone is the anus
* the child finds satisfaction in eliminating and
retaining feces. 
* toilet training is very important
* fixation during stage can result in being :
a. anal retentive – obsession with cleanliness,
b. anal expulsive – the person may become
messy and disorganized
3. Phallic Stage (3 to 6 years)
* erogenous zone is the genitals 
* During the preschool age, children become
interested in what makes boys and girls different.
* Sometimes, they will be seen fondling their
genitals.
stage boys develop unconscious sexual desire
for their mother. Boys see their father as a rival for
her mother’s affection. 
Phallic Stage – 
Boys may fear that their father will punish
them for these feelings, thus, the castration anxiety.
These feelings comprise what Freud
called Oedipus Complex.  In Greek mythology,
Oedipus unintentionally killed his father
and married his mother Jocasta. 
Proponents of psychoanalysis also believed
that girls may also have a similar experience,
developing unconscious sexual attraction towards
their father, and this is referred to as Electra
Complex. 
 According to Freud, out of fear of castration
and due to the strong competition of their father,
boys eventually decide to identify with them
rather than fight them. By identifying with their
father, the boys develop masculine characteristics
and identify themselves as males and repress their
sexual feelings toward their mother.  while maintaining the person's sense of what is
4. Latency Stage  ( age 6 to puberty)
During this stage sexual urges remain
repressed. Focus of children will be the acquisition
of physical and academic skills. Boys will relate
more with boys and girls with girls.
5. Genital stage ( puberty onwards )
This stage begins at the onset of puberty when
sexual urges are once again awakened. In the
earlier stages, adolescents focus their sexual
urges towards the opposite sex peers, with
pleasure centered on the genitals.
superego - our conscience 
Freud noted that a  well-adjusted person is
one who has strong ego, who can help satisfy the
needs of the id without going against the superego
logical, practical and real. 
The role of the learner's  environment
influnced much his ability to be a well-adjusted
individual. The circumstances and experiences
about how his family met his needs, the extent of
freedom given to him in doings things he wanted to
do, he wanted to explore, the teachings he gained
on doing what is right and wrong, the positive
and negative consequences of the behavior he has
elicited, all leads to the type of personality and
adjustment that he will make. 

Freud beieved that the

persopnality of an
individual is formed
early during the
childhood years. 

Structures of Personality
According to Freud our personality is divided
into  three parts: id, ego, and superego.  Our
behavior is always a product of the interaction of
these three structures. 
id - operates within the “pleasure principle”
ego - operates within the “reality principle”