ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE (EEE337)

ANSWERS
OBJ

ANS. Q1 TO Q4

1. B
2. C
3. A
4. E
ANS Q5 TO Q8

5.C

6.C

7.B

8.D
ANS Q9 TO Q11

9.D

10.D

11.D
ANS Q12 TO Q16

12.C

13.C

14.C

15.C

16.D
ANS Q17 TO Q20

17. C

18.C

19.D

20.C
ANS TO Q1.

Q1.a

i. Safety
ii. Maintenance schedule
iii. Skill and training

b. A process is an industrial system where materials are transformed or converted through a series of
steps or stages, and electricity is used to control and power the various stages of the process. Examples
of processes include chemical manufacturing, food processing, and oil refining.

A continuous process, on the other hand, is a type of process that runs continuously, without
interruption, for extended periods of time. Examples of continuous processes include oil refining, power
generation, and water treatment.

c.

i. fuses
 ii. isolators
iii. current transformers
iv. light arrester
v. circuit breaker

Di.) The importance of periodic inspection of power transformer are:

1. To identify any signs of wear and tear or damage to the transformer components.

2. To check the oil level and quality, as well as the condition of the insulation.

3. To perform testing on the transformer to ensure that it is operating within the specified parameters.

4. To identify any potential issues before they become major problems, and to plan for maintenance or
repairs as needed.

dii. Methods of cooling transformers having output up to 20KVA; from 20KVA to 500KVA.

1. Transformers up to 20KVA are typically air-cooled, with the heat dissipated through natural
convection or forced air flow.

2. Transformers from 20KVA to 500KVA are typically oil-cooled, with the heat dissipated through the
transformer oil. The oil is circulated through the transformer using a pump and cooled using a heat
exchanger.

diii.) Effect of sustained overloading:

Sustained overloading can cause the transformer to overheat, which can lead to damage to the
insulation and other components. This can reduce the lifespan of the transformer and can also increase
the risk of electrical faults and fires.

div) Temperature effect on the oil:

Temperature can affect the viscosity of the oil, which can impact its ability to flow through the
transformer and dissipate heat. High temperatures can also cause the oil to break down and can lead to
the formation of sludge and other contaminants. It is important to monitor the temperature of the oil
and to ensure that it is within the specified range to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the
transformer.
ANS TO Q2.

a) Lack of cleanliness and lubrication are indeed common causes of breakdowns and faults in machines.
This is because dirt, dust, and debris can build up over time and cause friction, which in turn can cause
parts to wear out faster. Additionally, without proper lubrication or greasing, parts can become dry and
brittle, leading to cracking, breaking, and other forms of damage.

To achieve trouble-free operation of machinery, it is important to implement a regular maintenance

program that includes cleaning and lubrication. Regular cleaning can help prevent dirt and debris from
building up, while lubrication or greasing can help ensure that parts are well-oiled and less likely to wear
out. It is also important to regularly inspect machines for signs of wear and tear, and to replace any
damaged parts as soon as possible to avoid further damage.

b) Three operational quantities

i. accuracy
ii. precision
iii. resolution.

Three environmental quantities

i. Temperature
ii. Humidity
iii. vibration.

C)

i. oscilloscope.
 ii. A current transformer
iii. Tachometer
iv. A megohmmeter
v. A chart recorder
vi. A true RMS meters

ANS TO Q3.

a) Three reasons for earthing electrical installations and earthing the metal parts of electrical machinery
are:

i. Safety
ii. Equipment protection
iii. System stability

Bi) The main function of a switchgear is to protect electrical equipment and power systems from
damage due to overloads, short circuits, and other electrical faults. Switchgear is essentially a
combination of electrical disconnect switches, fuses, and circuit breakers, which are used to control and
isolate electrical equipment from the power supply.

ii) As a maintenance engineer or technician, three methods to which detections of fire outbreaks can be
confined are:

i. Thermal sensors
ii. Smoke detectors
iii. Flame detectors
c)

i. Sliprings: Sliprings are used to transfer electrical power and signals from a stationary component
to a rotating component, such as in an electric motor or generator.
ii. Brushes: Brushes are used to transfer electrical power between stationary and rotating parts in
an electric motor or generator. They are typically made of carbon or graphite and are designed
to wear down over time.
iii. Belts: Belts are used to transfer power from one rotating component to another, such as in a
belt-driven machine.
iv. Bearings: Bearings are used to support rotating shafts and reduce friction between moving parts
in a machine.
v. Capacitors: Capacitors are used to store electrical energy and release it when needed, such as in
a motor starting circuit.
vi. Tachogenerator: A tachogenerator is a device that generates a voltage proportional to the speed
of rotation of a machine. It is often used in conjunction with a tachometer to measure the speed
of a motor.
vii. Gears: Gears are used to transmit power between rotating shafts and to change the speed or
torque of a machine.
viii. Commutator: A commutator is a device used to switch the direction of current flow in an electric
motor or generator. It is typically made of copper segments and is used in conjunction with
brushes.
ix. Thermostat: A thermostat is a device used to control the temperature of a machine or system. It
can be used to turn on or off heating or cooling systems as needed.
x. Exciter: An exciter is a device used to provide the initial electrical power to start a generator. It is
typically a small generator that is driven by an external power source.

MIDSEM ANS TO QUE. PT

 Q1a.

Switchgear is a term used to describe a range of electrical equipment that is used to control,
protect, and isolate electrical power systems. It includes devices such as circuit breakers,
transformers, load break switches, protective relays, busbars, and surge arresters.

b)

i. Circuit Breakers
ii. Transformers
iii. Load Break Switches
iv. Protective Relays
v. Busbars
vi. Surge Arresters

c).

 Operating Conditions
 Age of Equipment
 Type of Switchgear
 Manufacturer's Recommendations
 Regulatory Requirements

Q2. The possible causes are

i. Lack of lubrication
ii. Contaminated lubricant
iii. Overloading
iv. Misalignment
v. Improper installation
vi. High ambient temperature

To normalize the situation, the root cause should be identified and addressed, and the bearings should
be properly lubricated, aligned, and installed as per the manufacturer's recommendations.

Q3. A

Maintenance is the process of keeping equipment in good working condition, which involves regular
checking, cleaning, repairing, replacing, and servicing of components. The main goal of maintenance is
to prevent breakdowns and prolong the lifespan of equipment.

There are two main types of maintenance: breakdown maintenance and preventive maintenance.

1. Breakdown maintenance

2. Preventive maintenance
Q3B.

As a maintenance IOC (In-charge), I would adhere to preventive maintenance, specifically condition-

based maintenance. This is because it is a more proactive approach that can prevent breakdowns and
prolong the lifespan of equipment. By monitoring the actual condition of the equipment, we can identify
small issues before they become major problems, and perform maintenance tasks only when necessary.
This can save time and money in the long run, as well as improve the reliability and safety of equipment.

NB. LEARN THE MIDSEM AS WELL

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