TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of content…………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………….i

CHAPTER ONE………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….……......1

1.0 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….………..1
1.1 Institution attended with dates…………………………………………………………………….……..….……….1
1.2 Qualification obtained…………………………………………………………………………………….…….………...1
1.3 Professional work experience………………………………………………………………………….……………….1

CHAPTER TWO……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….……….2

2.0 Summary of work Experience………………………………………………………………………………….…….………2

CHAPTER THREE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………3

3.0 Details of Engineering Work Experience………………………………………………………………………………..3

3.1 Installation of 3 pole GCB to replace the defective single mechanism on Osogbo/Akure - Ado
132kV line…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….......3-26
3.1.1 Project particulars…………………………………………………………………………….......26
3.1.2 Project Description…………………………………………………………………………………27
3.1.3 Regulation and Test Standard…………………………………………………………………28
3.1.4 Health, Safety and Environment Standard………………………………………………29
3.1.5 Scope of work…………………………………………………………………………………………29-31
3.1.6 My involvement in this project……………………………………………………………….32-33
3.1.7 Details design and preparation of detailed drawings………………………………34-36
3.1.8 Challenge encountered and solution……………………………………….……………..37
3.1.9 Experience gained………………………………………………………………………….….……37

CHAPTER FOUR………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………38

4.0 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..38

CHAPTER FIVE………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….39

5.0 Endorsement………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..39
APPENDICES...............................................................................................................................40
APPENDIX I: Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation for the replacement of defective
circuit breaker on Osogbo /Akure- Ado 132kV line………………………………………………………….......40-42

APPENDIX II: Breakdown of manpower for the installation and commissioning of Osogbo/ Akure – Ado
132KV line breaker at Osogbo 132kV T/S……………………………………………………………………………………..43
APPENDIX III: Design pictures……………………………………………………………………………………………………….44-45
APPENDIX IV: Picture of equipment used……………………………………………………………………………………..46-47
APPENDIX V: Single line diagram…………………………………………………………………………48

APPENDIX VI: Abbreviation and symbols……………………………………………………………………………….49

i
 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION
I, Okunola, Adeyemi Adetoyese born on 10th December 1990 from the city of Ada, Boripe local
government Osun State. Below is my academic background and my professional work experiences:

1.1 INSTITUTIONS ATTENDED WITH DATES

Osun – State College of Technology Esa – Oke, Osun - State 2016 – 2019

Salem Comprehensive College Ada, Osun - State 2002 – 2008

Salem Nursery and Primary School Ada, Osun - State 1996 – 2002

1.2 QUALIFICATIONs OBTAINED

HND (ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING) Upper Credit

Senior Secondary School Certificate (NECO) June 2008.

1.3 PROFESSIONAL WORK EXPERIENCE:

1. Maintenance of power transformer and their auxiliaries

2. Installation and commissioning of protective relays
3. Tan delta test on 330kV and 132kV power transformers
4. Installation and commissioning of circuit breakers
5. Regular maintenance of equipment as per preventive maintenance
6. Maintenance of 110V and 50V DC Battery charger and their control scheme
7. Calibration, programming and commissioning of protective devices
8. Installation, wiring and testing of instrument transformers (CT & VT)
9. Installation and wiring of Energy meter
10. Testing of earth resistance in 330kV and 132kV T/S

1
CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Summary of Work Experience.

DURATION SUPERVISOR
PERIOD DETAIL OF PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES (MONTHS)
NAME SIGNATURE

EMPLOYER: Transmission Company of Nigeria

POSITION: Officer II (PC&M)
PROJECT: Protection, Control, Metering and
Installations Works
EXAMPLES OF ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN:
1. Preventive and breakdown maintenance of

JUNE. power transformers.

2. Preventive and breakdown maintenance of
2013
grounding transformers.
to
3. Preventive and breakdown maintenance of gas
Date
circuit breaker.
4. Preventive and breakdown maintenance of
power station isolators.
5. Preventive and breakdown maintenance of shunt
reactor. 96Months ENGR.

6. Preventive and breakdown maintenance of - Date

power station 110V and 50V DC battery chargers.
7. Decommissioning, installation and
commissioning of power station equipment.
8. Testing of power station equipment and material
used.

CHAPTER THREE

2
 3.0 DETAILS OF ENGINEERING WORK EXPERIENCE

3.1 INSTALLATION OF 3 POLE GCB TO REPLACE THE DEFECTIVE

SINGLE MECHANISM ON OSOGBO/AKURE-ADO 132KV LINE

PREAMBLE ABOUT THE PROJECT.

Following the total failure of 132kV gas circuit breaker which is used to supply Akure, 132kV

transmission station and Ado-Ekiti 132kV transmission station as a result of the faulty breaker

mechanism on September 13th 2019, in this case there was a need for the new installation of the gas

circuit breaker using three pole for the three phase in order to ensure continuous supply to the

feeder at the accepted voltage and frequency in safe and economic way, a new gas circuit breaker

(GCB) was provided for its replacement, and between September 16th to November 18th 2019 the

work was in progress in which the old GCB single pole was decommission and removed from the

bay, the new one was installed with three pole mechanism which pave a way for modification of

the plinth and the control circuit.

BRIEF INSIGTH ABOUT CIRCUIT BREAKER

A circuit breaker is an essential piece of equipment which can:

 Make or break a circuit either manually or by remote control under normal or abnormal

condition

 Break a circuit automatically under fault conditions

 Make a circuit either manually or by remote control under fault condition

Thus a circuit breakers incorporates manually [or remote control] as well as automatic control for

switching functions. Under fault conditions a protective relay is used in isolating fault.

3
Main parts of a circuit breaker include;

i. poles with interrupter, support porcelain

ii. Arc quenching medium

iii. Operating mechanism

iv. Support structure

v. Electrical control circuit

Types of high voltage circuit breaker.

A circuit breaker is named according to its arc quenching medium, the most commonly used circuit

breaker are as follows:

I. Air circuit-breaker [ACB]

II. Oil circuit breaker tank type or bulk oil [OCB]

III. Gas circuit breaker (GCB)

IV. Vacuum circuit breaker (VCB)

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF THE CIRCUIT BREAKER

A circuit breaker is a switching and current interrupting device which consists essentially of fixed

and moving contacts, which are touching each other and carry current under normal condition i.e.

when the circuit is closed. When circuit breaker is closed the current carrying contacts, called the

electrodes engage each other under the pressure of a spring.

4
During the normal operating condition the breaker can be opened or closed by a station operator

(control engineer) for the purpose of switching and maintenance. To open the circuit breaker, only

a small pressure is required to be applied on a trigger. Whenever a fault occurs on any part of the

power system that the breaker is protecting, the trip coil of the breaker get energized and moving

contact are pulled apart by some mechanism, thus opening the circuits. The separation of current

carrying contact produces an arc. The production of the arc not only delays the current interruption

process but also generates enormous heat which may cause damage to the system or the breaker

itself.

Therefore the main problem in a circuit breaker is to extinguish the arc within the shortest possible

time so that heat generated by it does not reach a dangerous value.

The circuit breakers are rated in terms of maximum voltage, number of poles, frequency, maximum

continuous current carrying capacity, and maximum interrupting capacity. The interrupting or

rupturing capacity of a circuit breaker is the maximum value of current, which can be interrupting

by it without any damage.

The basic construction of the circuit breaker requires the separation of contacts in an insulating

fluid which serve two functions.

1. Extinguishes the arc drawn between the contacts when the circuit breaker opens.

2 .Provides insulation between the contacts and from each contact to earth.

Replacement work started properly from the civil work till the commissioning day as follows:

CIVIL WORK

The civil work started on September 20th 2019 and ended on the 14th of October 2019.This involved:

5
 • Measurement and marking out of proposed plinths’ foundation were done.

• Digging for plinth was done.

• Iron bending and mat construction was done.

• Blinding was done.

• Form work was done.

• Construction of slabs for cable trench cover.

• Plinth construction was done considering and using the foundation bolts with respect to the

dimension on the base of the stand of the equipment.

Basic tools used here included measuring tape, spirit level, concrete mixer, shovels, head pans, hand

trowel etc.

The plinths’ arrangement is summarized in the block diagram below.

Block diagram of Osogbo /Akure-Ado 132kV equipment plinth.

3-POLE MECHANISM GCB

R- Y- B-
PHASE PHASE PHASE
GCB PLINTHS

MARSHALLING
KIOSK
MK PLINTH

MECHANICAL OR STRUCTURAL WORK.

This had to do with design and construction of the various support structures and gantries. The GCB
were fabricated using angle iron, channel iron, flat metal plate, etc. The structural supports/gantries
were constructed by (EMD) in addition to the equipment installation and I was actively involved.

6
While the civil work was going on at the site in Osogbo 132kV Transmission Station switchyard, the
mechanical design and construction were going on at the Mechanical workshop in Osogbo Sub-
Region.
This involved:
• Purchase of the materials (channel iron, angle iron, flat metal plate, bolts and nuts etc.)

• Measurement and cutting of the main support and brazing iron to the required dimensions

was done.

• Marking of the holes was done for assembly purpose.

• Drilling of the marked holes was done on the iron.

• Cutting of the flat iron plate for coupling to the foundation bolts was done.

• Making of foundation holes on the flat iron plates using gas cutting.

• Welding of the flat iron plate to the main iron support was done.

• Coupling of the main support (brazing) for mechanical strength was done using bolts and

nuts.

Tools used here included electric welding machine, power hacksaw, power drilling machine, try

square, scraper, measuring tape, spirit level, punch, pencil, scrapper, hammer etc.

MOUNTING OF THE SUPPORT STRUCTURES AND GANTRIES

On 23rd October 2019, the gantries for the 3-pole mechanism, including the one for the marshalling

kiosk was ready to be mounted. After proper assembly, the support structure was mounted on the

foundation bolt with the support of all technical crew which I was actively involved. Mounting of

the base for the equipment in the bay was also done successfully.

INSTALLATION OF THE BREAKER

7
After the successful mounting of the support structure on the plinth, the next action is the installation

of the breaker which was done on 4th November 2019, the installation of the breaker was done by the

technical crew which I was actively involved, with the help of Hiab the breaker was properly

installed. The marshalling kiosk was also mounted that same day, this completed all electrical

installation of the project.

DETAILS OF EQUIPMENT

Name plate Data of the newly installed Osogbo/Akure-Ado 132kV line breaker.

 Serial Number R phase-X310219, Y phase-X310219, B phase-X310219

Standard IECB2271 – 100

MAKE >> - CROMPTON Greaves Limited (INDIA).

Type >> - 120 – sfm – 32B

Rated lighting impulse withstand voltage > > 650KVP

Rated voltage (KV) >> - 145

Rated normal current >> - 3150A

Rated frequency >>- 50HZ

First pole to clear factor >> - 1.5

Rated short time current >> - 40KA/3SCE

Rated sf6 gas pressure 7kg/cm^2 >> – g (at 20^0C)

Rated short circuit breaking current >> - 40KA

Rated making capacity >> - 100KAP

LINES MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT (LMD) WORK

This involved the connection of the conductors from one equipment to another and to the 132kV bus

bar using aluminum clamps of various types.

8
On the 11th of November 2019, the connection of the conductors for the bay commenced and it ended

on the 18th of November 2019 with the connection of the new bay to the existing 132kV bus.

PROTECTION CONTROL AND METERING DEPARTMENT (PC&M) WORK

This is my department, the main function of my department in this project include:

Termination of all electrical wiring

Testing of the equipment, to ascertain its condition

Testing of the instrument transformer (CT & VT) associated with the circuit

Calibration of the protective devices associated with the circuit.

I was actively involved in the wiring and testing of the breaker from the beginning of the project till

the commissioning day.

WIRING FOR THE NEW INSTAIIED BREAKER, OSOGBO/ AKURE-ADO 132KV GCB

WIRING SCHEDULE

RED PHASE POLE MECHANISM, 24 CORE CABLE (R1)

9
S/N CB FERRULE CABLE MK FUNCTION

NO CORE

1 XR1 : 7 K13R 1 X1 : 36 REMOTE

CLOSE
2 XR1 : 3 J4 2 X1 : 13

3 XR1 : 6 K3 3 X1 : 30 ANTI
PUMPING
4 XR1 : 8 K17R 4 X1 : 39

5 XR1 : 9 K27R 5 X1 : 48 REMOTE

OPEN

6 XR1 : 10 K31R 6 X1 : 51 TRIP

SUPERVISION

7 XR1 : 11 K45R 7 X1 : 60 PROTECTION

TRIP

8 XR1 : 12 K49R 8 X1 : 63 TRIP

SUPERVISION

9 XR1 ; 4 J8 9 X1 : 16 -VE
PROTECTION
TRIP

10 XR1 : 16 K83 18 X1 : 74 POLE

DISCRIPANCY
11 XR1 : 17 K85 19 X1 : 77

10
12 XR1 : 23 M5R 22 X1 : 92 MOTOR

13 XR1 : 22 M2 23 X1 : 89

14 XR1 : 2 H7 23 X1 : 6 240V AC
SUPPLY
15 XR1 : 1 H4 24 X1 : 3

16 XR1 : 5 J9 10 X1 : 19 SPRING
CHARGING
17 XR1 : 15 K61R 11 X1 : 71

18 XR1 : 14 K55 12 X1 : 67 SF6 GAS

19 XR1 : 13 K53 13 X1 : 66

20 XR1 : 18 K101 14 X1 : 80 CB
INDICATION
21 XR1 : 19 K103 15 X1 : 81

22 XR1 : 20 K111 16 X1 : 85

23 XR1 : 21 K113 17 X1 : 86

24 XR1 : 25 L2R 20 X1 : 99 LOW SF6 GAS

25 XR1 : 24 L1R 21 X1 : 100

OSOGBO/AKURE 132KV GCB RED PHASE, 24 CORE CABLE (R2)

S/N CB FERRULE NO CABLE CORE MK

NO

11
1 XR1 : 46 R11 1 XMR : 1

2 XR1 : 47 R12 2 XMR : 2

3 XR1 : 48 R13 3 XMR : 3

4 XR1 : 49 R14 4 XMR : 4

5 XR1 : 50 R15 5 XMR : 5

6 XR1 : 51 R16 6 XMR : 6

7 XR1 : 52 R17 7 XMR : 7

8 XR1 : 53 R18 8 XMR : 8

9 XR1 : 54 R19 9 XMR : 9

10 XR1 : 55 R20 10 XMR : 10

11 XR1 : 56 R21 11 XMR : 11

12 XR1 : 57 R22 12 XMR : 12

13 XR1 : 58 R23 13 XMR : 13

14 XR1 : 59 R24 14 XMR : 14

15 XR1 : 60 R25 15 XMR : 15

16 XR1 : 61 R26 16 XMR : 16

17 XR1 : 62 R27 17 XMR : 17

18 XR1 : 63 R28 18 XMR : 18

12
19 XR1 : 64 R29 19 XMR : 19

20 XR1 : 65 R30 20 XMR : 20

21 21

22 22

YELLOW PHASE POLE MECHANISM, 24 CORE CABLE (Y1)

S/N
CB FERRULE NO CABLE CORE MK

1
XY1 : 7 K13Y 1 X1 : 37

2
XY1 : 3 J4 2 X1 : 14

3
XY1 : 6 K3 3 X1 : 31

4
XY1 : 8 K17Y 4 X1 : 40

5
XY1 : 9 K27Y 5 X1 : 49

6
XY1 : 10 K31Y 6 X1 : 52

7
XY1 : 11 K45Y 7 X1 : 61

13
8
XY1 : 12 K49Y 8 X1 : 64

9
XY1 : 4 J8 9 X1 : 17

10
XY1 : 16 K83 18 X1 : 75

11
XY1 : 17 K85 19 X1 : 78

12
XY1 : 23 M5Y 22 X1 : 93

13
XY1 : 22 M2 23 X1 : 90

14
XY1 : 2 H7 23 X1 : 7

15
XY1 : 1 H4 24 X1 : 4

16
XY1 : 5 J9 10 X1 : 20

17
XY1 : 15 K61Y 11 X1 : 72

18
XY1 : 13 K55 12 X1 : 68

19
XY1 : 14 K57 13 X1 : 69

20
XY1 : 19 K105 14 X1 : 83

21
XY1 : 18 K103 15 X1 : 82

22
XY1 : 20 K113 16 X1 : 87

23
XY1 : 21 K115 17 X1 : 88

24
XY1 : 25 L2Y 20 X1 : 98

25
XY1 : 24 L1Y 21 X1 : 97

14
YELLOW PHASE, 24 CORE CABLE 2 (Y2)

S/N CB FERRULE NO CABLE CORE MK

1 XY1 : 46 Y11 1 XMY : 1

2 XY1 : 47 Y12 2 XMY : 2

3 XY1 : 48 Y13 3 XMY : 3

4 XY1 : 49 Y14 4 XMY : 4

5 XY1 : 50 Y15 5 XMY : 5

6 XY1 : 51 Y16 6 XMY : 6

7 XY1 : 52 Y17 7 XMY : 7

8 XY1 : 53 Y18 8 XMY : 8

9 XY1 : 54 Y19 9 XMY : 9

10 XY1 : 55 Y20 10 XMY : 10

11 XY1 : 56 Y21 11 XMY : 11

12 XY1 : 57 Y22 12 XMY : 12

13 XY1 : 58 Y23 13 XMY : 13

14 XY1 : 59 Y24 14 XMY : 14

15
15 XY1 : 60 Y25 15 XMY : 15

16 XY1 : 61 Y26 16 XMY : 16

17 XY1 : 62 Y27 17 XMY : 17

18 XY1 : 63 Y28 18 XMY : 18

19 XY1 : 64 Y29 19 XMY : 19

20 XY1 : 65 Y30 20 XMY : 20

21 (Spare Core)

22

BLUE PHASE POLE MECHANISM, 24 CORE CABLE (B1)

S/N CB FERRULE NO CABLE CORE MK

1 XB1 : 7 K13B 1 X1 : 35

2 XB1 : 3 J4 2 X1 : 15

3 XB1 : 6 K3 3 X1 : 29

4 XB1 : 8 K17B 4 X1 : 38

16
5 XB1 : 9 K27B 5 X1 : 47

6 XB1 : 10 K31B 6 X1 : 58

7 XB1 : 11 K45B 7 X1 : 59

8 XB1 : 12 K49B 8 X1 : 62

9 XB1 : 4 J8 9 X1 : 18

10 XB1 : 15 K83 18 X1 : 73

11 XB1 : 16 K85 19 X1 : 76

12 XB1 : 20 M5B 22 X1 : 94

13 XB1 : 19 M2 23 X1 : 91

14 XB1 : 2 H7 23 X1 : 8

15 XB1 : 1 H4 24 X1 : 5

16 XB1 : 5 J9 10 X1 : 21

17 XB1 : 14 K61B 11 X1 : 70

18 XB1 : 13 K53 13 X1 : 65

19 XB1 : 17 K101 14 X1 : 79

20 XB1 : 18 K111 16 X1 : 84

21 XB1 : 22 L2B 20 X1 : 96

22 XB1 : 21 L1B 21 X1 : 95

17
BLUE PHASE, 24 CORE CABLE (B2)

S/N CB FERRULE CABLE CORE MK

NO

1 XB1 : 46 B11 1 XMB : 1

2 XB1 : 47 B12 2 XMB : 2

3 XB1 : 48 B13 3 XMB : 3

4 XB1 : 49 B14 4 XMB : 4

5 XB1 : 50 B15 5 XMB : 5

6 XB1 : 51 B16 6 XMB : 6

7 XB1 : 52 B17 7 XMB : 7

8 XB1 : 53 B18 8 XMB : 8

9 XB1 : 54 B19 9 XMB : 9

10 XB1 : 55 B20 10 XMB : 10

11 XB1 : 56 B21 11 XMB : 11

12 XB1 : 57 B22 12 XMB : 12

13 XB1 : 58 B23 13 XMB : 13

14 XB1 : 59 B24 14 XMB : 14

18
15 XB1 : 60 B25 15 XMB : 15

16 XB1 : 61 B26 16 XMB : 16

17 XB1 : 62 B27 17 XMB : 17

18 XB1 : 63 B28 18 XMB : 18

19 XB1 : 64 B29 19 XMB : 19

20 XB1 : 65 B30 20 XMB : 20

21 21

TEST CARRIED OUT ON THE CIRCUIT BREAKER BEFORE FINAL Formatted: Font: Bold

COMMISSIONING Formatted: Font: Bold

1. Dielectric Test : This test was performed on the new breaker in order to check the power

frequency and impulse voltage withstand capacity. This test voltage with a frequency

between 15 – 100HZ is applied as follow :

i. Between poles and earth with circuit breaker open.

ii. Between poles with circuit breaker close.

iii. Across terminals with circuit breaker open with the voltage is gradually increased

and maintained at test value for 1 (one) minute.

2. Mechanical Test : This mechanical endurance type of test involves repeated opening and

closing of the breaker. The breaker wad opened and closed at correct speed and performed

its operation with no mechanical failure observed. It was opened and closed ten times.

19
 3. Thermal Test : This test was carried out in order to check the thermal behavior pattern of

the breaker. During these test, the temperature was raised 40degree celsius rated current and

should not exceed it while the contact resistance (fixed and movable) were also measured at

these was responsible for generation of heat and subsequent temperature rise.

COMMISSIONING TESTS AND RESULTS:

The following tests were carried out on the newly installed breaker, the test results gave good and

satisfactory results as test results conform with international standard. The test carried out include:

1 Insulation Rresistance Ttest

2 Contact Resistance Test

3 Coil Resistance Test

4 Operation Test

5 Ready For Charging

6 Earth Resistance Test

7 Breaker Continuity Test

1 INSULATION RESISTANCE TEST (using 5kV Megger)

20
IR test result on Osogbo/Akure-Ado 132kV Gas Circuit Breaker

Test Point Applied Duration Resistance Leakage Remarks

Voltage (V) Current

(seconds) (GΩ)

(µA)

RФ – GRD 5000 60 32.4 0.15 Okay

YФ – GRD 5000 60 32.6 0.15 Okay

BФ – GRD 5000 60 37.0 0.14 Okay

The leakage current for the 3Фs were calculated as follows:

From Ohms Law, V = IR……….(x)

From (x), I = …………..(y)

For RФ, 1R = = x 10-9

.

= 154.3 x 10-9A == 0.15µA

For YФ, 1y = = x 10-9

.

= 153.4 x 10-9A == 0.15µA

For BФ, 1B = = .
x 10-9

= 135.1 x 10-9A == 0.14µA

2 CONTACT RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT Formatted: Numbered + Level: 1 + Numbering Style: 1, 2,

3, … + Start at: 2 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0.5" +
Indent at: 0.75"

21
 PHASE Across each Pole

R 37.58 micro10^-6 ohms

Y 32.17 micro 10^-6 ohms

B 35.02 micro 10^-6 ohms

3 3. COIL RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT Formatted: Normal, No bullets or numbering

Coil measure value in (Ω)

Trip coil I 21.1

Trip coil II 20.7

Close coil 21.5

4 4 OPERATION CHECKS : Formatted: Normal, Indent: Left: 0.5", No bullets or

numbering

Local operation - checked okay

Ground correction - checked okay

Proper alignment and operation test - checked okay

Alarm and status output checked - checked okay

56 READY FOR CHARGING YES/NO

6 Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 12 pt

Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.5", Line spacing: Multiple 1.15
li

22
 Formatted: Heading 1 Char, Indent: Left: 0.5", Line
spacing: single
11. EARTH RESISTANCE TEST Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.5", Line spacing: Multiple 1.15
li, No bullets or numbering
Test Location Value in ohms (Ω)

Red phase bay 0.26

Yellow phase bay 0.25

Blue phase bay 0.25

Marshalling kiosk bay 0.25

Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 16 pt

12. 7 BREAKER CONTINUITY TEST
Formatted: No bullets or numbering

Phase Breaker position Remark Ohmic value (Ω)

Open Open ok 0.1

Red phase Close Close ok 0.1

Open Open ok 0.1

Close Close ok 0.1

Yellow phase

Open Open ok 0.1

23
 Close Close ok 0.1

Blue phase

BREAKER INSTALLATION CALCULATIONS

BREAKING CAPACITY.

In Osogbo 330KV Transmission station:

Total transformer rated capacity is 390MVA.

1. 4T1 = 150MVA

2. 4T6 = 150MVA

3. 4T2 = 90MVA

Total 390MVA

In this calculations we are going to show that the installed circuit breaker on Osogbo/ Akure / Ado

132KV lines rated short circuit breaking current of 40KA can withstand any fault current that

occurs on the line whenever the breakers trip.

Here we are going to show the calculation by getting the fault MVA calculation of Osogbo 132KV.

OSOGBO 132KV FAULT MVA CALCULATION

Nomenclature Power rated % impedance Voltage level

Remarks

4T1 150MVA Z = 12.16 330 / 132KV

24
 4T2 90MVA Z = 11.40 330 / 132KV Note the % impedance

of the transformer
4T6 150MVA Z = 11.92 330 / 132KV
nominal tap was used

for the calculation.

Fault MVA = Rated MVA / Impedance

At nominal tap from the three (3) transformer at 330KV side.

4T1 = 150 / 12.16% = 150 / 0.1216 = 1233. 5526MVA

4T2 = 90 / 11.40 = 90 / 0.1140 = 789.474MVA

4T6 150 / 11.92 = 150 / 0.1192 = 1258.389MVA

For a parallel connection

MVA Total = Sm 4T1 + Sm 4T2 + Sm 4T6

= 1233.553 + 789.474 + 1258.389

Sfault Total = 3281.416MVA

At 132KV bus, fault level = 3281.416MVA

Isc = Fault MVA /√3 x VLL = 3281.416 x 10^6 / √3 x 132 x 10^3

Isc = 14. 3524728Amps

Isc = 14.35KA

25
Therefore the fault current on our 132KV bus is 14.3524728Amps = 14.35KA while the newly

installed circuit breaker, breaking capacity is 40KA, conveniently the newly installed circuit

breaker can withstand any fault level as it has higher breaking capacity than that of the 132KV bus

breaking capacity.

ENERGIZATION OF THE NEWLY INSTALLED BREAKER

After successful completion of the installation work on Osogbo Akure/Ado 132KV gas

circuit breaker (GCB) and also the commissioning tests and checks which gave good

and satisfactory results, the protective relay protecting the circuit was as well calibrated

okay, and also the circuit breaker bay was cleared of debris.

The Earth resistance test gave good results

The permit holder for the installation/replacement work went to the control room and

informed the system operator on duty to seek approval from National control center

(NCC) through the area control center (ACC), approval was granted by the NCC and the

breaker was closed to service successfully with no abnormalities.

3.1.1 Project Particulars

Client : Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN)

Project cost : #28,273,250

Consultant : TCN maintenance crew, Osogbo Sub region (OSR)

26
 Position held : Officer ii PC&M

Period : 2 Months

3.1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT

This project is one of the paramount, crucial and major projects that if not attended to on time, it

can cause blackout in two major states in Nigeria; namely Ekiti state and Ondo state.

Osogbo/Akure Ado 132kV line GCB is one of the four, 132kV line breakers in Osogbo sub region,

hence it is a major 132kV line breaker with the capacity of 80MW.

OBJECTIVE

1. The line breaker is responsible for transmission of electricity from Osogbo 132kV

transmission station, Osun state to Akure 132kV transmission station, Ondo state and also

to Ado – Ekiti, 132kV transmission station, Ekiti State.

2. Through this breaker 50MW of energy is being transfer to Akure Ondo state, and also 30MW

of energy is being transfer to Ado – Ekiti state.

3. The new breaker (3pole) is of high quality than the defective single mechanism.

27
 4. The circuit is being monitored/protected by a digital protective relay in the control room

(OPTIMHO RELAY).

5. The transmission line tower from Osogbo to Akure is 1 – 325 with the length of 113.75KM,

and also from Akure to Ado Ekiti the tower is between 1 – 148 with the length of 51.8KM.

3.1.3 Regulation and Standards

Operation at High Voltage level in TCN by System Operators is backed and defined by National and
International standards such as:
i. Nigerian Electricity Supply and Installation Standards Regulations of 2015 of the Nigerian
Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC)
ii. The Grid Code
Iii Standard Protection Code (SPC)
iv. IEC 62271 -100 & 200 of 2017 (for high voltage switchgear and control gear) IEC 62271- 4 of
2013 (for Handling procedures for SF6 switchgears)
V. ANSI/IEEE C37 of 2017 (Guides and standards for circuit breakers, switchgear, Relays,
Substation and fuses)

TCN OPERATIONAL FORMS

These are standard forms contained in the standard protection code used in carrying out operation safely
and also protection of men at work and equipment. The following are examples of operation form used by
system operator in TCN.
OF1: Application for Protection Guarantee
OF2: Work Permit
OF3: Work and Test Permit
OF4: Station Guarantee
OF6: Work Permit Tag
OF11: Self Protection
OF12: Hold Off
OF13: Caution Tag
OF14: Operation under a Work and Test Permit

28
OF15: Danger Sign for work and test Permit
OF16: Limit for safe Working Space
OF17: Order to Operate
OF19: Trouble and Repair report
OF53: Interruption and Outage Report

3.1.4 Health, Safety and Environmental Standards

As a matter of fact the rule of safety in electrical job is very important because any slight error can always
lead to a serious consequence and injury or death. Particular attention was taken to ensure application of
safety throughout the work. Measures adopted in accordance with Company Safety Rules and Standard
Protection Codes, Nigerian Electricity Health and Safety Standards Manual of NERC, were as follows:
1. Work and test permit approval through an application for protection guarantee was obtained
by permit holder from the system operator in other to de-energize and isolate the feeder bay
for work.
2. Danger warning tags were placed within the limits of safe working space to ensure personnel
do not go beyond the work area.
3. Personnel protective equipment (PPE) including helmet, safety belts & boots, overall, and
hand gloves were worn by workmen before entering the switch yard.
4. Temporary grounding sticks were applied within the working space to discharge residual
charges on the line and equipment.
5. Proper positioning of wooden ladder before climbing with someone holding it on the ground
level for additional support.
6. First Aid Kit was made available in an event of emergency.

3.1.5 SCOPE OF THE WORK Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 12 pt, Bold

Before decommissioning of the faulty Osogbo/Akure - Ado 132KV GCB, an application for

protection Guarantee (OF1) was made and approval was granted. Work and Test permit

29
was issued and made effective to the permit holder for the replacement work with the

supervision of a safety officer. Steps were taken to ensure safety which includes the

following:

I. Order to operate from detailing apparatus to open, isolators; in their correct order of

operations.

II. Work and test permit form was issued and made effective to workmen stating the

guarantee items which were properly tagged by “DO NOT OPERATE TAG” and Formatted: Font: Bold

no switching operation must be made without the consent of the workmen.

III. Operating rods, 110Vd.c control and relaying fuses were tagged and kept in the

control room to avoid switching by a third party.

IV. Temporary grounding/earthing was applied on the switchgear and a 132KV

conductors from both ends for safety of workmen.

V. Personal protective equipment – hardhat, safety boots, safety cloth and hand gloves

were provided for the workmen.

VI. First – Aids kit was made available.

VII. Restoration is made only when the permit holder had surrendered the work and test

permit issued by the system operator.

After all necessary safety precautions was observed, the total decommissioning of the old

defective breaker begins as follows:

a. The electrical wiring of the defective circuit breaker was decommissioned, in order to

pave way for the removal of the circuit breaker from the plinth, and the wiring was well

master for the new wiring of the circuit breaker.

b. The defective circuit breaker was removed from the plinth with the help of Hiab

30
 c. Erection of plinth for the new breaker was done with assistance of bricklayers and

labors under close supervision of civil engineers

d. Supporting structure was mounted on the foundation bolt on the plinths

e. Installation of the new 3 pole mechanism circuit breaker was successfully achieved and

the marshalling kiosk for wiring connections was properly positioned.

f. The 3 pole circuit breaker was tested, as the tests result conform with international

standard.

g. Laying of cables from marshalling kiosk to each pole of the breakers mechanism

h. Electrical wiring of the 3 pole circuit breaker was done successfully

i. Final commissioning tests and checks gave satisfactory results as the circuit breaker

was finally commissioned to service.

j. Post restoration checks was done as the circuit breaker was monitored to be working

perfectly.

BILL OF ENGINEERING MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION (BEME)

Refer to appendix I

31
 3.1.6 My involvement in this project

Worked as a protection control and metering technical staff, I performed the following:
1. I joined the crew of engineers in laying of cables:
a. Control cables
b. DC cables
c. AC cables
2. I participated in the installation of the GCBs (3-pole breaker)
3. I took part in terminating the cables, glanding and ferruling of the cables
4. I joined the crew of engineers in carrying out earthing resistance test on the new
circuit breaker earth pit and bay.
5. Calibration of the protective relays viz the distance protective relay and the
backup relay protecting the circuit breaker (Osogbo/Akure-Ado line breaker)
6. I participated in the final commissioning test and checks, and successful
commissioning of the new circuit breaker to service
7. I also participated during civil work and mounting of gantries on the foundation
bolt
8. I joined the crew of engineers in mounting of mechanical steel (circuit breaker
supporting structures)
9. I participated in post restoration checks and monitoring, hence the circuit breaker

was restored okay and in good condition. Tests and checks of the circuit breaker

was successful.

FEASIBILITY STUDIES.

32
On the 16th of September 2019, a team constituting of staffs from each of technical department

namely, EMD, PC&M, LMD and the civil contractor went to the station for feasibility studies.

Things the team checked included:

• Load transfer: study of the load pattern of Osogbo/Akure-Ado to another circuit breaker in

order to maintain supply pending the time of replacement of the defective breaker.

• Space consideration in the switchyard.

• Measurement of the length of existing structures so as to ensure uniformity with the new

equipment to be installed thus ensuring neatness of the switchyard.

Counting of needed plinths and gantries for costing purposes for both the civil work and the

mechanical work.

The PC&M, EMD, LMD and the civil work contractor submitted their required materials for

the installation and the cost implication. The summary of the requirements of the various

departments can be found in the Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation in appendix

I.

33
3.1.7 DETAILS DESIGN AND PREPARATION OF DETAILS DRAWINGS Formatted: Normal
Formatted: Font: Times New Roman, 12 pt, Bold
Formatted: Font: Times New Roman, 12 pt, Bold

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT

34
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

35
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

36
 3.1.8 CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED AND SOLUTION Formatted: Outline numbered + Level: 3 + Numbering
Style: 1, 2, 3, … + Start at: 8 + Alignment: Left + Aligned
at: 1" + Indent at: 1.5"
CHALLENGE ENCOUNTERED Formatted: Indent: Left: 1"

 After the installation we noticed that the breaker was operating locally but not remote Formatted: Bulleted + Level: 1 + Aligned at: 0.5" + Indent
at: 0.75"

electrically, with several troubleshooting we found out that the control cable laid from

the control room was observed damaged due to insulation breakdown.

 The SF6 gas leakage was observed as monitored on the pressure gauge.

 The problem of adaptation, since the new circuit breaker was adapted (married) to the

old one. Some modification was made.

 Blue phase breaker (One of the three pole breaker) did not respond to closing impulse,

therefore it caused pole discrepancy.

SOLUTION PROFFERED: Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.75"

 New control cable of higher rating was tested and laid for termination Formatted: Bulleted + Level: 1 + Aligned at: 0.5" + Indent
at: 0.75"

 Leakage points were identified and sealed with appropriate sealant.

 The blue phase mechanism was well lubricated and serviced.

 After proper maintenance the breaker eventually closed together with other two phases

3.1.9 EXPERIENCE GAINED : Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 12 pt, Bold
Formatted: Outline numbered + Level: 3 + Numbering
 Exposure to the adaptation of an old circuit breaker to a new one. Style: 1, 2, 3, … + Start at: 8 + Alignment: Left + Aligned
at: 1" + Indent at: 1.5"
Formatted: Bulleted + Level: 1 + Aligned at: 0.5" + Indent
 I understood how to marrying old breakers schematic drawing of single mechanism to 3 at: 0.75"
Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 12 pt
pole breaker mechanism.

 Exposure to this projects it is very paramount in career building to the young engineer in

the power sector. The skill and experiences acquired through challenges faced in the

course of executing the project and proffered solution go a long way in confidence

building in problem solving.

37
 CHAPTER FOUR Formatted: Font: 14 pt, Bold
Formatted: Heading 1 Char, Centered

4.0 Conclusion Formatted: Font: Times New Roman, 12 pt, Bold

Formatted: Heading 1 Char, Indent: Left: 0.5"

As I stated above in this report, I have gained adequate Work Experience in Electrical

Engineering (wiring, control and bay adaptation) as well as knowledge in designing and

marrying the old breaker schematic diagram with new breaker wiring of different make, old

breaker is Seimens single mechanism, while the newly installed breaker is Crompton

Greaves (CG) 3pole mechanism breaker, both the local electrical, remote electrical, control

and mechanical operation of the breaker was well understood.

In addition I certify that this report results from my active involvement in various Electrical

Engineering work carried out is not copied from any materials, nor a duplicate of anyone

pervious work. Every technical activities written in this report were carried out under close

supervision of registered Engineers.

With regards to the professional Engineering Work Experience I have gained so far, I

finally wish the COREN to consider, evaluate and approve my application for registration

as an Engineering Technologist.

Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.5", Tab stops: 2.98", Left

Name: ................................................…
Signature: ………………..………………………….
Date: …………………………………………………….

38
 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 ENDORSEMENT Formatted: Outline numbered + Level: 2 + Numbering

Style: 1, 2, 3, … + Start at: 0 + Alignment: Left + Aligned
at: 0.5" + Indent at: 0.75"

5.1 Endorsement I

I, the undersigned, have gone through the report that has been prepared and we endorse the Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.5"

experience attainted and reported by the writer. Based on our personal knowledge of the

character and professional reputation of the applicant, I recommend for acceptance of this

work experience report by the COREN in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

registration as an Engineering Technologist.

--------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------

Name Stamp and signature

5.2 Endorsement II Formatted: Justified, Line spacing: 1.5 lines

I, the undersigned, have gone through the report that has been prepared and we endorse the Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.5"

experience attainted and reported by the writer. Based on our personal knowledge of the

character and professional reputation of the applicant, I recommend for acceptance of this

work experience report by the COREN in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

registration as an Engineering Technologist.

---------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------

Name Stamp and signature

39
 APPENDICES

APPENDIX I

BEME – BILL OF ENGINEERING MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION, FOR

INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING TO SERVICE OF OSOGBO / AKURE – ADO

132KV LINE BREAKER AT OSOGBO 132KV TS.

ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QUANTITY RATE(#) AMOUNT(#)

A 1 SWITCH GEAR SET 1 6, 000, 000 18,000,000
132KV GCB (3- POLE) 18,000,000
A >>> SUB TOTAL 18, 000,000

B CABLING
CONTROL CABLE 2500 750, 000
1 2.5mm2 x 24 CORE PVC METRES 300 2,1500 75600, 000
2 2.5mm2 x 4 CORE PVC METRES 400 1,5001800 60720, 000
3 4.0mm2 x 4 CORE PVC METRES 400 1,80080000 72080, 000
80,00080,
4 CABLE GLAND 16/25/32mm2 LOTS 1 80, 000
000
5 TM(SOCKET/FERRO/LABLE) LOTS 1 80,0009000 8072, 000
MCB & AUXILLARY 9,000160,
6 LOTS 8 72160, 000
SWITCH 000
160,000 4,
7 EARTHING LEAD LOTS 1 1604, 000
000
4,0003,
8 ELCTRO – CLEAN GALLUM 1 49, 000
000
9 LASSOVIC TAPES ROLL 3 3,000 9,000

40
 2475000
B>>> SUB – TOTAL 2,475,000

C LINE WORK 8, 000 120, 000

132KV CLAMPS (T/L
1 NOS 15 8,000 120,000
STRAIGHT)
250mm2 ALUMINIUM
2 40 4,000 160,000
CONDUCTOR (ACSR)
2 4, 000 `160, 000
3 BIMETAL PLATES SHEET METRES 3040 4,000 120,000
4, 000 120, 000
BOLTS AND NUTS
43 NOS 20030 300 60,000
(GALVANIZED)

STRING OF GLASS DISC

54 NOS 15 10,000300 1560, 000
INSULATOR
6 SPACERS NOS 15200 4,000 60 ,000

670,000 150,
C >>>5 SUB – TOTAL 10, 000
000
NOS 15 4, 000 60, 000
STRUCTURAL STEEL
D6 NOS 15
WORK
100,000 670,
1 GALVANIZED ANGLE IRON NOS 20 5,000
000
C>>>
GALVANIZED CHANNEL
2 LOTS 25 4,000 100,000
IRON
3 WELDING MATERIALS LOTS 4,0005000 50,000 100000
GF 20

41
D SUB – TOTAL 4000 250,000100000

E PLINHT AND CIVIL WORK 50000

1 132KV BREAKER 3- POLE NOS 3 150,000 450, 000

GRAFTING OF THE 132KV

2 LOAD 3 50,000 150,000
BAY
CONTROL CABLE
3 LOTS 1 50,000 50,000
PATHWAY

4 CONCRETE SLABS NOS 40 3,000 120000

E SUB – TOTAL 770,000

GRAND SUB – TOTAL (A+

22,165,000
B+ C+ D+ E)
1 CONTINGENCY 5% 1,108,250
TRANSPORTATION OF
2 MATERIALS TO SUB – LOTS 3,000,000
STATION

3 LABOUR LOTS 2,000,000

SUB – TOTAL 6,108,250

GRAND TOTAL 28,273,250

42
 APPENDIX II

BREAKDOWN OF MANPOWER FOR THE INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING OF

OSOGBO / AKURE – ADO 132KV LINE BREAKER AT OSOGBO T/S.

SECTION ENGINEERS TECHNOLOGIST TECHNICIANS LABOUR TOTAL

SYSTEM 2 2 _ _ 4

OPERATION

PC&M 2 2 3 _ 7

ELECTRICAL 2 3 4 _ 9

MECHANICAL 1 2 5 _ 8

CIVIL 1 1 2 10 14

LINES 1 2 7 _ 10

TOTAL 9 12 21 10 52

43
APPENDIX III

DESIGN PICTURES

DEFECTIVE SINGLE MECHANISM 3-POLE BREAKER (SIEMENS)

44
NEWLY INSTALLED 3 POLE MECHANISM GCB (CROMPTON GREAVES)

CIVIL WORK

45
ERECTION OF PLINTH

APPENDIX IV

PICTURES OF TEST EQUIPMENT USED

OMICRON CPC 100

46
MULTIMETER

MEGGER MIT520/2 INSULATION TESTER

47
DET4TCR2 EARTH RESISTANCE TESTER

APPENDIX V

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF OSOGBO 132/33KV TRANSMISSION STATION

48
 APPENDIX VI

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

TCN Transmission Company of Nigeria

BEME Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation

MVA Mega volt Ampere

MW Mega watt

IR Insulation Resistance

EMD Electrical maintenance department

PC&M Protection control and metering

LMD line maintenance department

SO System operation

KV Kilo volt

49
V Volts

SLCD Single line circuit diagram

GCB Gas circuit breaker

T/S Transmission station

SF6 Sulphur Hexa fluoride

VT Voltage transformer

CT Current transformer

Formatted: Font: Times New Roman, 12 pt, Bold

50
51