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Nature of Roots
 Nature of Roots
Value of discriminant ‘D’ determine the nature of roots of equation,
for a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 where a, b, c ∈ R and a ≠ 0
Discriminant D = b2 - 4ac
 D

D>0 D=0 D<0

Real & distinct roots Real & equal roots Non-real roots
Note: If D is not a Note: a > 0 & D = 0 Note: If a, b ∈ R then
perfect square and a, will imply quadratic roots are conjugate
b ∈ Q then roots are is a complete square complex numbers.
conjugate irrationals.
 Question!

Q The equation 3x2 + 4x + 6 = 0 has

A Two real roots

B One Imaginary and one real

C No real roots

D None of the above

 Question!

Q The equation 3x2 + 4x + 6 = 0 has

A Two real roots

B One Imaginary and one real

C No real roots

D None of the above

Solution :

Here, a = 3, b = 4, c = 6.
So, the discriminant = b2 - 4ac
= 42 - 4.3.6
= 16 - 72 = -56 < 0
Therefore, the roots of the given equation are
not real.
 Question!

Q If the roots of the equation x2 - 8x + a2 - 6a = 0 are real distinct,

then find all possible values of a.
Solution :
 Question!

Q Find the value of ‘p’, if the roots of the following quadratic equation
(p-1)x2 + 4x + 4 = 0 are Coincident
Solution :

For the equation (p - 1)x2 + 4x + 4 = 0

a = p - 1, b = 4 and c = 4.
Since, the roots are equal
Therefore, b2 -4ac =0
(4)2 - 4(p - 1)(4) = 0
1 - p + 1 =0
p=2
Therefore, the value of p = 2
 Question!

Q If one root of equation x2 + px + 12 = 0 is 4, while equation

x2 + px + q = 0 has equal roots, then value of q

C 4

D 49
 Question!

Q If one root of equation x2 + px + 12 = 0 is 4, while equation

x2 + px + q = 0 has equal roots, then value of q

C 4

D 49
Solution :
 Question!

Q If a, b, c are real, then find the nature of the roots of following

equation 3x2 - 2(a + b + c)x + bc + ca + ab = 0

Recall: a2 + b2 + c2 - bc - ca - ab ≥ 0 always.
Solution :

Given, 3x2 - 2(a + b + c)x + bc + ca + ab = 0

The discriminant D is given by
D = 4(a + b + c)2 - 4 × 3(bc + ca + ab)
= 4[a2 + b2 + c2 + 2bc + 2ca + 2ab - 3bc - 3ca - 3ab]
= 4[a2 + b2 + c2 - bc - ca - ab]
which is always ≥ 0
As a, b, c are real, we get D ≥ 0,thus roots of the equation
are real.
 Question!

Q Find ‘K’ such that becomes a

complete square.
Solution :
 Question!

Q If l, m are real and l ≠ m, then show that the roots of

(l - m)x2 - 5(l + m)x - 2(l - m) = 0 are real and unequal.
Solution :
 Question!

Q If P(x) = ax2 + bx + c and Q(x) = -ax2 - dx + c then prove that

P(x) × Q(x) = 0 has at least two real roots.
Solution :

Given, P(x) = ax2 + bx + c and Q(x) = -ax2 - dx + c

Discriminant of P(x) = b2 - 4ac and Q(x) = d2 + 4ac
Here, sum of discriminants of P(x) and Q(x) = b2 + d2
Thus, Sum is always non negative
Thus P(x) × Q(x) will have at least two real roots.
 Question!

Q (a) Form a quadratic equation with rational coefficient

having as one of the roots.
(b) Evaluate value of x3 + 3x2 + 2 at
 Question!

Q (a) Form a quadratic equation with rational coefficient

having as one of the roots.
Solution :
Solution :
Alternate solution
 Question!

Q (b) Evaluate value of x3 + 3x2 + 2 at

Observation
Solution :
Solution :
 Question!

Q If a, b, c, d are four non-zero real numbers such that

(d + a - b)2 + (d + b - c)2 = 0 and roots of the equation
a(b - c)x2 + b(c - a)x + c(a - b) = 0 are real and equal,
then show that a = b = c.
Solution :
Remark

If ax2 + bx + c = 0 is an identity, that is, ax2 + bx + c = 0

is valid for all real values of x, or, ax2 + bx + c = 0 has
more than two real roots,
Then, a = b = c = 0
 Question!

Q Find ‘t’ such that (t2 - 3t + 2)x2 + (t2 - 5t + 6)x + (t2 - 4) = 0 is an

identity.
Solution :
Transformation of Equation
Transformation of Equation
If roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are α & β then equation having roots:
(a) 2⍺ and 2β is ➝

(b) is ➝

(c) ⍺ + 2 and β + 2 is ➝

Remark This shortcut works for equation of any degree.

 Question!

Q The equation whose roots are reciprocal of the roots of the

equation x2 - 11x + 14 =0 is
Solution :
 Question!

Q The equation whose roots are negative of the roots of the equation
x3 - 2x2 - x + 2 = 0
Solution :

Given, x3 - 2x2 - x + 2 = 0
Replace x ➝ -x
-x3 - 2x2 + x + 2 = 0
x3 + 2x2 - x - 2 = 0
 Question!

Q If ⍺, β are the roots of the equation 2x2 - 3x - 6 = 0, find the

equation whose roots are ⍺2 + 2 and β2 + 2.
Solution :
Common Roots
 Common Roots
Given two Quadratic Equations, there are two possibilities-
1. They have one root in common
2. Both the roots are common
Let’s first learn how to handle questions of one root common
Method-I

When we know both roots of one equation make them satisfy

second equation one by one.
 Question!

Q Determine the values of m for which the equations 3x2 + 4 mx + 2 = 0

and 2x2 + 3x - 2 = 0 may have a common root.
Solution :
Method-II

Solve two equations to get common root

 Question!

Q If the equations x2 - ax + b = 0 and x2 + bx - a = 0 have a common

root then

A a=b

B a + b = -1

C a - b = -1

D a-b=1
 Question!

Q If the equations x2 - ax + b = 0 and x2 + bx - a = 0 have a common

root then

A a=b

B a + b = -1

C a - b = -1

D a-b=1
Solution :
 Question!

Q If x2 + bx + 1 = 0 and x4 + bx3 + x2 + x - 2 = 0 have a root in

common then b = ?
Solution :
Method-III

Applying proper condition

Method-III

Applying proper condition

Condition for one root common in
a1x2 + b1x + c1 = 0
a2x2 + b2x + c2 = 0
is (c1a2 - c2a1)2 = (b1c2 - b2c1) (a1b2 - a2b1)
 Question!

Q If ax2 + bx + c = 0 and bx2 + cx + a = 0 have a common root then

find relation between a, b and c
Solution :
Now let’s learn how to handle questions of both roots common
Condition for both roots common in
a1x2 + b1x + c1 = 0
a2x2 + b2x + c2 = 0
is

Remark

If both roots of the equations are same then the equations

are called identical.
 Question!

Q If both the roots of k(3x2 + 2) + rx + x2 - 1 = 0 and

3k(2x2 + 3) + px + 2x2 - 2 = 0 are common then find the value of 2r - p
Solution :
 Question!

Q If a, b, c ∈ R and equations ax2 + bx + c = 0 and x2 + 2x + 9 = 0

have a common root, then find a : b : c.
Solution :
 Question!

Q The equations ax2 + bx + a = 0 and x3 - 2x2 + 2x - 1 = 0

have two roots common. Then find the value of a + b.
Solution :
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