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4] GEOMETRIC SEQUENCES
SOLUTIONS
Compiled by: Christos Nikolaidis
O. Practice questions
1. (a) u1 = 10, r 2
(b) 5120
(c) 10230
(d) 10 2 n 1 (= 5 2 n )
(e) n 12
1 5 1 5
4. (i) S (ii) S
2 3 2 7
1 1
5 5
5. (a) (i) 2k k k 60 2k 2k 60 k 30
(ii) 30,60,90 and d 30
2k k 60 k 60
(b) (i) 2 4k k 60 3k 60 k 20
k 2k 2k
(ii) 20,40,80 and r 2
5 (3n 1)
(c) 100000 , n 9
3 1
1
8. (a) r 3 , u1 5
1
(b) r , u1 2657205
3
(c) r 3 , u1 5 OR r 3 , u1 5
1
(d) r , u1 20
2
2
11. (a) r=
3
(b) u15 = 1.39
(c) S = 1215
54 162 486
12. (a) 3 hence geometric
18 54 162
(b) (i) r = 3, un = 18 3n 1
(ii) 18 3 n 1 = 1062882 n = 11
a 1 2 1
13. (a) a=4 OR a=4
8 2 a 2
7
1
(b) 8 0.0625
2
1 12
8 1
2
(c) 16.0 (3 s. f ) ( 4095/256)
1
1
2
1
14. (a) 0.5
2
(b) (i) a = 4 (ii) b = 1
16(1 0.5 n )
(c) = 31.9375
(1 0.5)
n=9
2
1800 1800
15. (a) dividing two terms e.g. ,
3000 1080
r = 0.6
(b) u10 = 3000( 0.6)9 = 30.2 (exact value 30.233088)
3000
(c) S = 1875
1 .6
16 1
16. (a) r=
32 2
6 1
1
(b) u6 = 32 × =1
2
OR 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1 u6 = 1
32
(c) S ∞= ,= 64
1
1
2
1 27 81
17. r= S
1
S 20.25
3 4
1
3
2
u 3 2 3 2
18. S= 1 = =
1 r 2 3 5 5
1
3
2
19. u1 = –12 and r =
3
12 36
S = = or – 7.2
2 5
1
3
20. (a) u1 48, u 2 192 ,
u 2 192
r= =4
u1 48
u1 ( r n 1) 48( 4 n 1)
(b) Sn = = 16(4n – 1)
( r 1) 3
3 2 = 6 + 12 + 24 = 42
3
n
22. (a)
n 1
3 2 = 24570.
12
n
(b)
n 1
3
2500
23. (a) r= = 1.25
2000
2000(1.25 6 1)
(b) S6 = = 22517.57813........ = 22518 (to the nearest dollar)
1.25 1
8320
24. (a) r= r = 1.04
8000
(b) Fees = 8000 (1.04)6 = 10122.55 USD (USD not required)
8000(1.04 8 1)
(c) Total = = 73713.81 USD (USD not required)
1.04 1
40 000 = u1(1.05)4
u1 = 32 908 (or 32 900 to 3 s.f.)
METHOD B
For 4 years before 1996 we divide 40 000 by (1.05)4
40000
32908
1.054
4
8 4 2
28. (a) u3 = 8 8 = 18r2 r2 = r =
18 9 3
u1
(b) S ,
1 r
54 54
S 54 , ( 10.8) S = 54 and S = (=10.8)
5 5
(c) 18, 12, 8 and 18, –12, 8
29.
u1 18 27
(b) S
1 r 1 2
1
3
36 1
30. (a) r=
108 3
7
1
(b) u1 = 36 u1 = 78732
3
1 k
787321
3
(c) 118096 =
1
1
3
k = 10
(b) 4 × 39 = 78732
(c) 4 × 3k–1 > 2000
k > 6, So k = 7
1 3 1
32. (a) u4 = u1 r 3 r r=3
81 3
1 n
(3 1)
(b) 81 40; n > 7.9888... So n = 8
2
(c) S7 = 13.49...;, S8 = 40.49... which is > 40
33. (a) (i) –2/3 (ii) –243 (b) –133 (c) -729/5
5
x 45
34. (a) x 225 x 15 or x 15
2
5 x
(b) if x 15 , then y 135 , if x 15 , then y 135
2x 3
37. (a) –1 < < 1. This gives –1.5 < x < 1.5 or x<
3 2
1
(b) When x = 1.2, the common ratio is r = 0.8 and the sum is =5
1 0.8
38. (a) r 4 3x
5
(b) 1 4 3 x 1 1 x
3
(c) x 1.2 u1 0.8 r 0.4
0.8 4
(i) S ( =1.333…)
0.6 3
0.8(1 0.4 n )
(ii) S n 1.328 , Solving gives n 6.02 , 7 terms are needed.
0.6
u1 (1 r 2 ) u1
39. (a) 15 (1), 27 (2)
1 r 1 r
15 5 4 2
Divide (1) by (2): 1 – r2 = r2 r
27 9 9 3
1
(b) u1 = 27 × = 9
3
u1 27 u1 (1 r 3 )
40. (1) and 13 (2)
1 r 2 1 r
13 26 1 1
Divide (1) by (2): 1 – r3 r3 r
27 27 27 3
2
Therefore, u1 = 9.
u1 u (1 r 4 )
41. S 32 and S 4 1 30
1 r 1 r
30 15 1 1
Divide S 4 by S : 1 r 4 r4 r and so u1 16
32 16 16 2
16(1 0.5 8 )
S S 8 32 32 32(1 0.5 8 ) 32 0.5 8 0.0125
1 0.5
6
42. (a) u11 = u1 + 10d –16 + 10d = 39 10d = 55 d = 5.5
(c) 0 (n 1) 12 6 2 n 1 n = 2 or n = 3
(Indeed, the 2nd term of each sequence is 12, the 3rd term of each sequence is 24)
44. u1 2( S1 ) u2 S 2 u1 10 d 8
u32 250
um u32
u2 , um and u32 in geometric progression
u2 um
um2 u2 u32 10 250 um 50
( um 50 not possible) um 50 2 8( m 1) m 7 .
45. (a) let the first three terms of the geometric sequence be
u1 + 2d, u1 + 3d and u1 + 6d
u1 6d u1 3d
u1 3d u1 2d
u12 8u1 d 12d 2 u12 6u1 d 9d 2
2 u1 + 3d = 0
3 3
u1 = – d or a = – d
2 2
a 6d 1.5d 6d 4.5d
(b) r 3
a 3d 1.5d 3d 1.5d
u1 15d u1 10d
46. (a) r
u1 10d u1
u12 20u1 d 100 d 2 u12 15u1 d
0 5u1 d 100d 2 0 u1 20d u1 20d
u 10d 20d 10d 1
r 1 ( )r
u1 20d 2
u
(b) 18 1 u1 9
1
1
2
9
d (= -0.45)
20
7
B. Exam style questions (LONG)
47. (a) 0.5 (b) 31.25 (c) 999.023 (d) 7 (e) 7.8125
360 240 3
48. (a) r= = 1.5
240 160 2
(b) 2002 is the 13th year.
u13 = 160(1.5)13–1 = 20759
(c) 5000 = 160(1.5)n–1 n = 9.49 10th year 1999
OR
Find , u9 = 4100.625 u10 = 6150.9375. 10th year 1999
1.513 1
(d) S13 = 160 = 61958
1.5 1
(e) Nearly everyone would have bought a portable telephone so there
would be fewer people left wanting to buy one OR Sales would saturate.
1
49. (a) (i) Area B = , area C = 64
16
1 1
16 1 64 1 (Ratio is the same.)
(ii)
1 4 1 4
4 16
1
(iii) Common ratio =
4
1 1 5
(b) (i) Total area (S2) = = (= 0.3125) (0.313, 3 s.f.)
4 16 16
1 1
8
1
4 4
(ii) Required area = S8 = = 0.333328 2(471...) = 0.333328 (6 s.f.)
1
1
4
1
1
(c) Sum to infinity = 4 =
1 3
1
4
1st 16 2 nd 8 8 4 1
(ii) nd
rd
Geometric progression, r =
2 8 3 4 16 8 2
10
10 1 16 1
(c) (i) u11 = u1r = 16 = = ( = 0.015625 = 0.0156, 3 s.f.)
2 1024 64
u 16
(ii) S = 1 = = 32
1– r 1– 1
2
8
51. (a) (i) r = 2
(ii) u15 = 3 (2)14 = 49152 (accept 49200)
(b) (i) 2, 6, 18
(ii) r=3
x 1 2 x 8
(c) x2 + 2x + 1 = 2x2 + 2x 24 x2 = 25 x = 5 or x = 5
x 3 x 1
x = 5
1
(d) (i) r=
2
8
(ii) S= S = 16
1
1
2
1 3n
52. (a) 29 524 n = 10.
1 3
1
(b) Common ratio is , (0.333 (3s. f .)
3
10
1
1
(c) 3 = 1.50 (3s.f.)
1
1
3
10 1000
1 1
(d) Both and (or those numbers divided by 2/3) are 0 when
3 3
corrected to 3s.f., so they make no difference to the final answer.
Notes: Accept any valid explanation
(e) The sequence given is G1 + G2
The sum is 29 524 + 1.50 = 29 525.5
1 1
53. (a) 1024r3 = 128 r3 = r= = 0.5
8 2
(b) 1024 × 0.510 = 1
1 8
10241
2
(c) S8 = = 2040
1
1
2
1 n
10241
2
(d) > 2047.968
1
1
2
n = 16
(e) S15 = 2047.9375
S16 = 2047.96875
So n = 16
9
54. (a) (i) T1 = $250
d = $200
T10 = 250 + 9 × 200 = 2050
(ii) T1 = $10
r=2
T10 = 10 × 29 = 5120
10 10
(b) S10 = (250 + 2050) = 11500 OR S10 = {2 × 250 + (10 – 1) × 200}= 11500
2 2
(c) Option One: $10000
Option Two: $11500
10( 210 1)
Option Three: S10 = = 10 230
2 1
Therefore, Option Two would be best.
20(1.5 n 1) 7 n 2 277 n
(f)
(1.5 1) 2 2
n = 10
10