BLOCKCHAIN

TECHNOLOGY
Presented by:
DELOS SANTOS, Adrian Gabriel
LUY, Enrico Ayrton
Sanchez, Raighen
Valdez, Kenneth Joseph
HISTORY OF BLOCKCHAIN
Satoshi Nakamoto (2008)
How did blockchain technology became a disruptive
technology?

 BLOCKCHAIN
Decentralized Ledger
Decentralized computing and information-sharing
platform
All nodes sharing resources and having equal priority.

 NODES
Full Node Partial Node

Keeps a complete record of all Also called a Lightweight Node

transactions. Keeps track of the transaction's hash
Capable of validating, accepting, and value.
rejecting transactions. This hash value is used to access the
entire transaction.
 LEDGER
It is a digital information database.
The term digital is used since the currency exchanged between nodes is digital like
cryptocurrency.

Three Kinds of Ledgers

Public Ledger Distributed Ledger Decentralized Ledger

Open to all and transparent.
Anyone with access to the
blockchain network can read or
write data.
Every node in this ledger has a local
No one node or group of nodes
copy of the database.
has central control in this ledger.
Set of nodes works together to
Every node takes part in the job's
complete the task, such as verifying
execution.
transactions and adding blocks to
the blockchain.
 WALLET
Cryptocurrency wallet that allows users to digitally store their coins.
Every node in the blockchain network contains a wallet.
Public and private key pairs secure a wallet's privacy.
Cryptocurrency wallets are divided into two categories.

Cold Wallet
Hot Wallet

These wallets do not have internet

These wallets are for everyday
access.
internet transactions.
Extremely secure and cannot be
Online wallet, Software wallet, and
hacked.
Mobile wallet
Paper wallets and hardware wallets
are two examples.
 NONCE
A nonce is a 32-bit number that is generated once at random to assist build a new
block or validate a transaction.
It is added to a hashed or encrypted block on a blockchain and stands for "number
only used once."
It's used to make transactions more secure.
 HASH
Hashing is used to convert the data to a fixed size.
The input of one transaction in a blockchain network is its hash value.
The hash function has the following characteristics:

Collision Resistant Hiding

Puzzle friendliness
Operations
 Cryptocurrency Transactions

Odometer Fraud

APPLICATIONS
Voting

Others
 Application / Service Layer
Side Chain
Smart Contract
Cryptocurrency
Digital Copy

LAYERS OF Blockchain Consensus Layer

Proof of Stake (PoS)

BLOCKCHAIN Delegated Proof of Stake

Proof of Work (PoW)

Data Layer
Data Storage
Merkle Tree
Block
 Network Layer
Communication Mechanism
Peer to Peer Network

LAYERS OF
BLOCKCHAIN
TYPES OF BLOCKCHAIN
1. Public Blockchain
2. Private (or managed) Blockchains
3. Consortium Blockchains
4. Hybrid Blockchains
TYPES OF BLOCKCHAIN
1. Public Blockchain
2. Private (or managed) Blockchains
3. Consortium Blockchains
4. Hybrid Blockchains
 Public Blockchain
PUBLIC Permissionless
BLOCKCHAIN Completely Decentralized
All nodes have equal rights
 Private Blockchain
PRIVATE Permissioned
BLOCKCHAIN Partially Decentralized
Give rights to nodes if
necessary
 Consortium Blockchain
CONSORTIUM Permissioned
BLOCKCHAINS More Decentralized
Requires cooperation
between organizations
 Hybrid Blockchain
HYBRID Controlled by a single
BLOCKCHAIN organization
Combined public and
private
ESSENTIALS OF TRUST
Hard Fork
Soft Fork
 Sources
Simply Explained. (2018, May 30). Blockchains: how can they be used? Use cases for
Blockchains [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQWflNQuP_o

Simply Explained. (2017, November 14). How does a blockchain work - Simply Explained
[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SSo_EIwHSd4

Kaushik V. (2021, September 17). Blockchain Technology Explained- Components and

Applications. https://www.analyticssteps.com/blogs/blockchain-technology-explained-
components-and-applications

GeeksforGeeks (2021, April 08). Components of Blockchain Network.

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/components-of-blockchain-network/
 Sources
Gupta V. (2017, Feb 28). A Brief History of Blockchain. Harvard Business Review.
https://hbr.org/2017/02/a-brief-history-of-blockchain

Ns3 Simulations. (n.d.) Block Chain Research Topics for PhD.

https://ns3simulation.com/blockchain-research-topics-for-phd/
Frankenfield J. (2021, June 24). Hard Fork (Blockchain). Investopedia.
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hard-fork.asp
Frankenfield J. (2021, June 24). Soft Fork (Blockchain). Investopedia.
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/soft-fork.asp
Wegrzyn K. & Wang E. (2021, Aug 19). Types of Blockchain: Public, Private, or Something in
Between. Foley & Lardner. https://www.foley.com/en/insights/publications/2021/08/types-of-
blockchain-public-private-between