3.0 Door (Constech)

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY II
QSD182
DOOR
1
INTRODUCTION
⚫ Definition :- Openable barrier secured in a wall opening.

- For excess to and from buildings and between
rooms, compartments, corridors, landings and stairs.
⚫ Can be classed as External & Internal doors.
⚫ External doors are usually thicker and more robust in design

than internal doors.
⚫ Doors can be made from many materials such as;

⚫ Timber
⚫ Metal
⚫ PVC
⚫ Composite
2
NORBAIZURA ABU BAKAR
DOOR TERMINOLOGY
⚫ Basically, there are 3 components
⚫ Door leaf
⚫ Door ironmongeries
⚫ Door frame
3
DOOR TERMINOLOGY (Cont’d)
4
DOOR OPERATION
⚫ Side Hung Swing Door
⚫ Straight Sliding Door
⚫ Folding Sliding Door
5
DOOR OPERATION
Side Hung Swing Door
6
DOOR OPERATION
Straight Sliding Door
7
DOOR OPERATION
Folding Sliding Door
8
DOOR OPERATION
DOOR OPERATION
Exercise
Determine the types of door operation?
1 2
10
DOOR OPERATION
Exercise
Determine the types of door operation?
3 4
11
FUNCTION OF DOOR
⚫ To give access and egress to the inside of the room

or a building.
⚫ Serves as connecting link between the various

internal sections of a building.
⚫ To give a privacy of security
12
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF
DOOR
1. Strength and Stability
⚫ Strength to support its own weight.

⚫ Adequate shape stability for ease of opening.
⚫ Accuracy of closing to the frame or lining.
2. Privacy
⚫ Obscure as the wall or partitions.

⚫ Reduction in sound – use acoustic door.
13
DOOR (Cont’d)
3. Resistance to Weather
⚫ Good fit to exclude wind and rain – external door.
4. Resistance to The Passage of Heat
⚫ Design to give thermal insulation.
5. Resistance to The Passage of Sound
⚫ Design to give sound insulation.

⚫ Reduce sound transmission – solid panel door.
14
DOOR (Cont’d)
6. Security
⚫ Adequate locks and bolts for security.

⚫ Use safety glass to doors.
7. Fire Safety
⚫ Barrier to limit the spread of smoke and fire by

divided larger buildings into compartments of
restricted floor area.
⚫ Protect escape routes along stairways and corridors.
⚫ Use fire doors to resist spread of fire and to control
smoke.
15
DOOR TYPES (Based on material)
⚫ Wood/Timber Door
⚫ Metal Door
⚫ PVC Door
⚫ Aluminium Sliding Door
⚫ Composite Door
16
1) TIMBER DOOR
TIMBER DOORS may be classified as;
⚫ Panelled doors
⚫ Flush doors
⚫ Glazed doors
⚫ Fire doors
⚫ Matchboarded doors
17
WOOD DOOR (Cont’d)
18
WOOD DOOR (Cont’d)
PANELLED DOOR FLUSH DOOR MATCHBOARDED GLAZED DOOR

DOOR
19
PANELED DOOR
20
WOOD DOOR
- PANELLED DOOR
21
WOOD DOOR
- PANELLED DOOR

DOOR LEAF 22
WOOD DOOR
- PANELLED DOOR
Frame for panelled door leaf
⚫ Framed with stiles and rails around a

panels and mullion at the middle.
⚫ Size:
Stiles and top rail 100mm x
38mm/50mm
Middle rail 175mm x 38mm/50mm
Bottom rail 200mm x 38mm/50mm
⚫ The stiles and rails have to be joined to

resist the tendency of the door to sink.
⚫ Have two types of joint
23
WOOD DOOR
- PANELLED DOOR (Cont’d)
Two Types of Joint
a. Mortice and Tenon Joint b. Dowelled Joint
24
WOOD DOOR
Types of Joint
a. Mortice and Tenon Joint
⚫ The strongest types of joint used to frame members at right
angles in joinery work.
⚫ Put together and glued, wedged and cramped around the
panels.
⚫ At least 1 tenon is cut on the ends of the top rail and 2 tenon
are cut on the ends of the middle and bottom rails.
⚫ Small wood wedges can be driven in to make a tight fit.
⚫ To prevent lose door shape, oak pins (dowels) 13mm
diameter are driven through both mortice and tenon.
⚫ Pinned mortice and tenon joints are glued and wedged.
25
VIDEO MORTICE AND TENON
JOINT
26
WOOD DOOR
⚫ Sketches mortice & tenon
27
WOOD DOOR
28
WOOD DOOR
Types of Joint (Cont’d)
b. Dowelled Joint
⚫ Rails and stiles are joined by wood dowel or pins.
⚫ In size 125mm x 16mm are grooved.
⚫ At least 2 dowels used for the top rail and 3 dowels used
for middle and bottom rails.
⚫ Dowel are glued and fitted to holes.
29
WOOD DOOR
30
VIDEO DOWELLED JOINT
31
WOOD DOOR
Panels for Panelled Door
⚫ The traditional panelled door was constructed with four

and six panels with central framing members, muntins,
tenoned to rails.
⚫ The advantage of this arrangement is the width of the

panels is limited to reduce the possibility of shrinkage
cracks.
⚫ Four panel design used for small door.
⚫ Six panel design used for large door.

32
WOOD DOOR
33
FLUSH DOOR
34
WOOD DOOR
- FLUSH DOOR
⚫ Has plain face and flat face (easy to clean & decorate)
⚫ Can be faced with hardboard, plywood or a plastic

laminate or thin sheet veneer
⚫ Divided into 2 groups : skeleton core & solid core flush

doors
35
WOOD DOOR
- FLUSH DOOR (Cont’d)
36
WOOD DOOR
⚫ There are 2 types of flush door
⚫ Skeleton Core Flush Door
⚫ Solid Core Flush Door
37
WOOD DOOR
Skeleton Core Flush Door
⚫ Made with a core of small section timber
⚫ Main members are stiles and rails
⚫ Immediate rails as a base for the facing of plywood or

hardboard
⚫ Light duty door suitable for internal domestic use
⚫ Medium duty door suitable for use internally in domestic and

public buildings and for external use
38
WOOD DOOR
39
WOOD DOOR
Solid Core Flush Door
⚫ Made with a core of timber, chipboard, flaxboard or compressed

fibre board strips
⚫ Core of timber strips glued together with plywood or hardboard

facing both sides glued to the solid core
⚫ Have better shape and surface stability and acoustic resistance
⚫ Used as fire doors with an integrity rating of 20 or 30 minutes
40
WOOD DOOR
41
GLAZED DOOR
42
WOOD DOOR
- GLAZED DOOR
⚫ Door with one or more glazed panels of glass or fully glazed
⚫ Purpose : to give daylight to spaces e.g: halls
⚫ Fixed in an external wall serve as both door and window
⚫ Door framed as solid lower panel with upper glazed panels
43
WOOD DOOR
- GLAZED DOOR (Cont’d)
44
WOOD DOOR
- GLAZED DOOR (Cont’d)
45
FIRE DOOR
46
WOOD DOOR
- FIRE DOOR
⚫ To provide safe means of escape for the

occupants
⚫ To limit the spread of fire in buildings for stated

period of minutes or hours
⚫ Serve to protect escape routes by limiting the

spread of smoke and fire – minimum fire
resistance, integrity of 20 minutes
47
WOOD DOOR
- FIRE DOOR
⚫ There are two types of fire door
⚫ FD30
⚫ The integrity of 30 minutes, solid core fire doors are protected with
wood strips or high density chipboard covered with plywood or
hardboard facings
⚫ FD60
⚫ The integrity of 60 minutes, solid core fire doors are protected with
compressed mineral wool or high density chipboard and hardboard or
plywood facings
⚫ Most fire doors have a solid core construction which can

include: particleboard, chipboard, flaxboard and solid
timber.
48
WOOD DOOR
- FIRE DOOR (Cont’d)
HALF HOUR RESISTANCE
49
WOOD DOOR
ONE HOUR RESISTANCE
50
WOOD DOOR
⚫ The assembly of a fire door can vary greatly, some
have:
⚫ a timber framing around the core with a laminated veneer;
⚫ others have a lipping (5-20mm thick) around the core with
a veneer on top;
⚫ and in some cases a plywood, veneer or MDF facing is
glued on to the core without framing or lippings.
⚫ There is no preferred construction method, as long
as the desired fire rating is achieved
https://www.jbkind.com/info-centre/fire-doors/key-facts-about-fire-doors
51
WOOD DOOR
52
WOOD DOOR
53
VIDEO FIRE DOOR
54
MATCH BOARDED DOOR
55
WOOD DOOR
- MATCHBOARDED DOOR
⚫ A made with a facing of V-jointed boards,

horizontal ledges and braces
⚫ Used for garages, factories, entrance gates

and external door
⚫ Divided into two group:

⚫ Ledged matchboarded door and
⚫ Ledged & Braced matchboarded door
56
WOOD DOOR
- MATCHBOARDED DOOR (Cont’d)
Ledged Matchboarded Door
⚫ Made by nailing matchboards to horizontal ledges
⚫ The nailing of the boards to the ledges does not strongly

frame the door, which is liable to sink and lose shape
⚫ Used for narrow openings only
57
WOOD DOOR
Ledged Matchboarded Door
58
WOOD DOOR
Vee Jointing to Tongue & Groove Vertical Boards
59
WOOD DOOR
Ledged & Braced Matchboarded Door
⚫ Braces fixed between the rails at an angle to resist sinking

on the lock edge
⚫ The matchboarding is nailed to ledges and braces
⚫ Used for narrow openings only
60
WOOD DOOR
Ledged and Braced Matchboarded Door
61
Ledged Match-Boarded door Ledged and Braced door
62
WOOD DOOR
Ledged Matchboarded Ledged and Braced

Door Matchboarded Door
63
64
2) METAL DOOR
⚫ Materials – steel or stainless steel

e.g: garage doors, roller shutter
⚫ Very attractive appearance, minimum obstruction of vision,

excellent waterproofing qualities and little maintenance
⚫ Finishes - natural anodised finish for aluminium alloy unit

- hot-dip galvanised for steel unit and should
be painted
65
METAL DOOR (Cont’d)
Roller Shutter
66
METAL DOOR (Cont’d)
Roller Shutter
67
3) PVC DOOR
⚫ Materials – Plastic
e.g: internal doors
⚫ Produced from press moulded acrylic
⚫ Required no maintenance during their useful life
⚫ Made as white/off white to minimise the thermal expansion
68
PVC DOOR (Cont’d)
PVC Door suitable use for toilet, bathroom and kitchen

69
4) ALUMINIUM SLIDING DOOR
⚫ Have a normal clear glass (safety glass) and thermal

properties
⚫ fitted with adjustable, long-lasting single nylon rollers that

glide smoothly on extruded aluminium tracks
⚫ Used for external door e.g :patio, balcony, living hall
70
ALUMINIUM SLIDING DOOR
71
VIDEO SLIDING DOOR
72
5) COMPOSITE DOOR
⚫ A composite door is an exterior door made
from a multitude of materials, instead of a
singular material such as wood or upvc,
which have been chosen specifically for their
beneficial properties
https://compositedoorshop.co.uk/faqs/
73
COMPOSITE DOOR
⚫ Composite doors have been designed taking
into consideration the common flaws
experienced in singular material doors.
⚫ Using a combination of materials which have
been selected for their beneficial properties,
composite doors allow for the old flaws to be
effectively ‘designed out’
https://compositedoorshop.co.uk/faqs/
74
75
DOOR FRAME
⚫ Made of timbers to support the weight of door and serve as

a surround to the door into which it closes
⚫ Secured in the wall or partition opening to support external

doors and heavier internal doors
⚫ Door frames are rebated to serve as a stop for one way

swing doors
⚫ Head and jambs joined with mortice and tenon joints to

maintain the frame true square
76
DOOR FRAME (Cont’d)
⚫ Sills located at the bottom of the opening
⚫ Architrave fixed at upright (jambs) and head
⚫ Packing piece located between lintel/brickwork and

upright (jambs)
77
78
79
DOOR FRAME INSTALLATION
Fixing Frame to Brickwall
⚫ Can be fixed using 2 methods;

⚫ Built in – fixed frame before brickwall
⚫ Fixed the frame after brickwall done
⚫ Frame is secured to brickwall using galvanised steel cramps
⚫ Cramps is screwed to the back of frame and other is bedded

in horizontal brick course
⚫ Lintel are fixed on the top of frame to prevent damage to the

frame
80
Method installation
81
Method installation (Cont’d)
82
83
84
85
86
DOOR FRAME INSTALLATION (Cont’d)
87
88
DOOR IRONMONGERY
HINGES
Butt Hinge Double Pressed Heavy Steel Skew Butt Hinge Tee Hinge
Steel Butt Hinge
89
DOOR IRONMONGERY (Cont’d)
LOCKS
Mortice Dead Lock Upright Dead Lock Horizontal Dead Lock

90
KNOBS & LATCHES
Knob Cylinder Night Latch Thumb Latch

91
BOLTS
Flush Bolt Barrel Bolt

92
OTHERS
93
THANK YOU
94
TUTORIAL 3
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CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY II

⚫ Definition :- Openable barrier secured in a wall opening.

⚫ Can be classed as External & Internal doors.

⚫ External doors are usually thicker and more robust in design

⚫ Doors can be made from many materials such as;

Folding Sliding Door

⚫ To give access and egress to the inside of the room

⚫ Serves as connecting link between the various

⚫ To give a privacy of security

⚫ Strength to support its own weight.

⚫ Obscure as the wall or partitions.

⚫ Good fit to exclude wind and rain – external door.

4. Resistance to The Passage of Heat

⚫ Design to give thermal insulation.

5. Resistance to The Passage of Sound

⚫ Design to give sound insulation.

⚫ Adequate locks and bolts for security.

⚫ Barrier to limit the spread of smoke and fire by

TIMBER DOORS may be classified as;

PANELLED DOOR FLUSH DOOR MATCHBOARDED GLAZED DOOR

NORBAIZURA ABU BAKAR

⚫ Framed with stiles and rails around a

⚫ The stiles and rails have to be joined to

⚫ Have two types of joint

⚫ The traditional panelled door was constructed with four

⚫ The advantage of this arrangement is the width of the

⚫ Four panel design used for small door.

⚫ Six panel design used for large door.

⚫ Can be faced with hardboard, plywood or a plastic

⚫ Divided into 2 groups : skeleton core & solid core flush

⚫ Made with a core of small section timber

⚫ Main members are stiles and rails

⚫ Immediate rails as a base for the facing of plywood or

⚫ Light duty door suitable for internal domestic use

⚫ Medium duty door suitable for use internally in domestic and

⚫ Made with a core of timber, chipboard, flaxboard or compressed

⚫ Core of timber strips glued together with plywood or hardboard

⚫ Have better shape and surface stability and acoustic resistance

⚫ Used as fire doors with an integrity rating of 20 or 30 minutes

⚫ Door with one or more glazed panels of glass or fully glazed

⚫ Purpose : to give daylight to spaces e.g: halls

⚫ Fixed in an external wall serve as both door and window

⚫ Door framed as solid lower panel with upper glazed panels

⚫ To provide safe means of escape for the

⚫ To limit the spread of fire in buildings for stated

⚫ Serve to protect escape routes by limiting the

⚫ Most fire doors have a solid core construction which can

⚫ A made with a facing of V-jointed boards,

⚫ Used for garages, factories, entrance gates

⚫ Divided into two group:

⚫ Made by nailing matchboards to horizontal ledges

⚫ The nailing of the boards to the ledges does not strongly

⚫ Used for narrow openings only

⚫ Braces fixed between the rails at an angle to resist sinking

⚫ The matchboarding is nailed to ledges and braces

⚫ Used for narrow openings only

Ledged Matchboarded Ledged and Braced

⚫ Materials – steel or stainless steel

⚫ Very attractive appearance, minimum obstruction of vision,

⚫ Finishes - natural anodised finish for aluminium alloy unit

⚫ Produced from press moulded acrylic

⚫ Required no maintenance during their useful life

⚫ Made as white/off white to minimise the thermal expansion