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4 EVS NCERT Hindi Medium Chapter 8 1
4 EVS NCERT Hindi Medium Chapter 8 1
vIik us daMDVj ls lHkh osQ fy, fVdV [kjhns vkSj ge cl esa p<+ x,A
geas cSBus dh lhV fey xbZ] ij ckn esa cl esa brus yksx p<+ x, fd cl
BlkBl Hkj xbZA nks yksxksa dh lhV ij pkj&pkj yksxksa dks cSBuk iM+k! oqQN yksxksa
dks geus Hkh viuh lhVksa ij fcBk fy;kA
dki+Qh yack li+Qj FkkA cl tc vkf[kjh LVkWi ij #dh] rc rd esjs iSj
vdM+ x, FksA eq>ls [kM+k Hkh ugha gqvk tk jgk FkkA
eSa [kq'k Fkh fd vkf[kjdkj ge vEewek osQ xk¡o igq¡p gh x,A ij ugha] li+ Qj
vHkh Hkh ckdh FkkA cl us gesa tgk¡ mrkjk] ogk¡ ,d rji+Q ikuh gh ikuh FkkA
vEek us nwj ikuh osQ ikj b'kkjk fd;k] tgk¡ vEewek dk ?kj Fkk vkSj dgk] ¶oks
ns[kks! gesa ogk¡ igq¡puk gSA¸ ¶ij ge ogk¡ oSQls igq¡pasxs\¸ eSaus lkspkA
vHkh eSa ;g lksp gh jgh Fkh fd ikuh osQ ikj oSQls tk,¡xs fd rHkh ,d
cM+h&lh uko fdukjs ij #dhA vEek cksyha] ¶yks] i+QS jh vk xbZA¸ i+QS jh esa ls
cgqr lkjs yksx mrjsA LowQy osQ cPps] vkSjrsa] vkneh] lHkh viuk&viuk lkeku
fy, FksA vEek us crk;k fd ogk¡ ij ikuh osQ nwljh rji+Q tkus osQ fy, osQoy
i+QS jh dk gh bLrseky gksrk gSA
tSls gh i+QS jh [kkyh gqbZ] p<+us
okyksa dh HkhM+ yx xbZA lHkh dks
p<+us ls igys fdjk;k Hkjuk FkkA
ns[krs gh ns[krs i+QS jh Hkj xbZ vkSj
ikuh ij py iM+hA
eSa rks jsfyax osQ ikl gh [kM+h
vkl&ikl ns[krh jghA i+QS jh rs”kh ls ikuh ij fiQly jgh Fkh] ftlls
vkl&ikl dk ikuh mNy jgk FkkA fdukjs ij ukfj;y osQ isM+ drkj esa yxs
FksA ogha fdukjs ij] dgha yksx ugk jgs Fks vkSj dgha eNyh idM+ jgs FksA oqQN 61
yksx diM+s Hkh /ks jgs FksA
vkl&ikl
lwjt <yus ls igys gh i+SQjh vius fBdkus (Vkiw) ij igq¡p xbZ vkSj ge Hkh
igq¡p x,] vEewek osQ ?kj] brus yacs ij e”ksnkj li+Qj osQ ckn!
Ö vkseuk Vªsu ls mrjus osQ ckn dbZ okguksa esa cSBhA D;k rqEgsa muosQ uke ;kn gSa\
Ö rqEgsa lcls ”;knk e”kk fdl okgu esa li+Qj djus ij vk;k\
Ö vkseuk vgenkckn ls 16 ebZ dks pyh FkhA vEewek osQ ?kj igq¡pus esa mls fdrus
?kaVs yxs\
vè;kid osQ fy,μosQjy osQ dbZ Hkkxksa esa] ,d txg ls nwljh txg tkus osQ fy, i+SQjh vkSj vU;
62 rjg dh ukoksa dk bLrseky gksrk gSA ppkZ djks] ;s D;ksa iz;ksx gksrh gSa\ rqe cPpksa ls mudh uko dh
lokjh osQ ckjs esa Hkh iwN ldrs gks] ftldh mUgksaus lokjh dh FkhA
ukuh osQ ?kj rd
Ö vkseuk osQ vIik us Vªsu] cl vkSj i+QS jh osQ li+Qj osQ fy, fVdV [kjhnkA crkvks
vkSj fdu&fdu okguksa esa tkus osQ fy, fVdV [kjhnuk iM+rk gS\
Ö oqQN txgksa ij vanj tkus osQ fy, fVdV [kjhnuk iM+rk gSA D;k rqe ,slh fdlh
txg osQ ckjs esa tkurs gks\ muosQ uke fy[kksA
Ö jsy&fVdV ns[kksA uhps nh xbZ ckrksa dks fVdV esa <w¡<+dj] mu ij vyx&vyx
jaxksa ls xksyk yxkvksA
Ö Vªsu dk uacj
Ö li+Qj 'kq: gksus dh rkjh[k
Ö cFkZ dk uacj
63
Ö fdjk;k
vkl&ikl
rqe fVdV ns[kdj vkSj D;k&D;k ckrsa irk yxk ldrs gks\ fy[kksA
Ö
jsyos Vkbe&Vscy ls gesa cgqr&lh tkudkjh feyrh gS] tSls Vªsu fdl LVs'ku
ij fdl le; igq¡psxh] fdl le; LVs'ku NksM+sxh] fdruh nwjh r; djsxh] vkfnA
ge fdlh Hkh jsyos LVs'ku ls jsyos Vkbe&Vscy [kjhn ldrs gSaA
vkseuk us ftl Vªsu esa li+Qj fd;k] mlosQ Vkbe&Vscy dk oqQN va'k ns[kks]
le>ks vkSj uhps fn, x, iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nksA
Ö rkfydk esa mu lHkh LVs'kuksa osQ uke ij xksyk yxkvks] ftudk uke vkseuk dh Mk;jh
esa vk;k gSA
Ö Vªsu fdl LVs'ku ls pyh Fkh\
Ö lquhy vkSj ,u dks”khdksM LVs'ku ij mrjs vkSj vkseuk dks^k;e LVs'ku ijA
dks”khdksM LVs'ku osQ fdrus ?kaVs ckn dks^k;e LVs'ku vkrk gS\
Ö Vªsu us 'kq: osQ LVs'ku ls var rd fdrus fdyksehVj dk li+Qj iwjk fd;k\
Ö D;k rqe ,d Mk;jh j[kuk ilan djksxs\ ,d Mk;jh ;k dkWih yksA Mk;jh esa jks”k
fdlh ,d lIrkg rd dh [kkl ckrsa vkSj muosQ ckjs esa vius fopkj fy[kksA viuh
vkSj vius nksLrksa dh Mk;jh feydj i<+ksA
vè;kid osQ fy,μgks losQ rks jsyos Vkbe&Vscy cPpksa dks fn[kk,¡A mls i<+us esa mudh enn djsaA 65
jsyos Vkbe&Vscy ls xf.kr vkSj Hkwxksy dh cgqr lkjh e”ksnkj fozQ;k,¡ dh tk ldrh gSaA