Draft Chap 1 & 2

NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas, Cavite

Tel. No.: (046) 416-6278 Telefax: (046) 416-0166 Mobile No.: +63926-999-9278
Hospitality and Tourism Management Department
ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL OF MANGROVES FOREST AS A

TOURISM DESTINATION IN BACOOR, CAVITE
An Undergraduate Thesis Proposal Presented to the Faculty of

National College of Science and Technology
Dasmariñas City, Cavite
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management
Mercado, Kim Ysabelle C.

Bagares, Alyssa Marie H.
Lopez, Lorelia G.
Luya, Joy Ann P.
Diomon, Maribeth L.
JUNE 2023
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION
The Philippines is an archipelago country made up of 7,107 islands
located completely within the tropics of the Southeastern Coast of Asia.
Meanwhile, Philippine Islands are considered one of the top biodiversity "hotspot"
areas of the world, supporting 1.9% of the world's endemic plants and vertebrate
species (Myers et al 2000). Also, the Philippines were considered as one of the
richest diversity of coastal plants in the world. One of the most important
components of the coastal ecosystem is the mangal community or mangroves on
the landward side of the coastal zone, usually located within the intertidal zone. It
had an estimated 500,000 hectares of mangrove forest in 1918 (Brown & Fischer
1920), and it decreased to 100,000 hectares in 1994–1995 (Primavera 2000).
Approximately 60 to 70 mangrove and associated mangrove species from
26 families are found in the Philippines including the portion of Cavite Province.
Besides, An estimated forty species are considered true mangroves (CV-CIRRD
1993; Primavera 2000) which can be defined as those which are restricted to the
mangrove community while associated species may also grow in other habitats
(Melana & Gonzales 1996). However, the majority of the common genera are
Rhizophora, Avicennia, Bruguiera and Sonneratia (Calumpong & Menez 1996).

As stated in the 2015 census, Noveleta has a population of 45,846 people,
which is a huge number for their narrow land area. This project is seen not only
to be advantageous to the environment but also the people of the said
community. Economically, the projects mean employment and income to masses
of people, which will help the economy of the municipality. Despite covering more
than 80 hectares of saline swamp and mudflats, the mangrove forest of Noveleta,
Cavite, is home to various coastal flora and fauna. There are 18 types of
mangrove species identified in the area, according to the records of the Municipal
Environment and Natural Resources Office (MENRO) and the Municipal
Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council (MFARMC).
Given that Mangroves are considered as the most important components
of the coastal ecosystem. The assessment of mangrove and its species plays a
critical role in the conservation and protection of the Mangrove forests. Thus, the
potentiality upon development interests such as settlements, tourist areas, and
human use causes intervention and over-exploitation of mangroves and their
ecosystems. This can be seen as a threat for the existence of and conversion
into ponds, settlements, industries, etc. as well as logging by the community for
various purposes. The high activity and accessibility to forest areas influences
forest encroachment by the community (Ahmad, Wirakartakusumah, &
Rusolono, 2016).
For instance, efforts to use sustainable principles really need to be
implemented in forest management where one form of management is the use of

environmental services in the form of ecotourism. With that, the potentiality of
Mangrove forests as a tourism object have a lot of potential to be developed as a
tourist area. Besides, the sustainable use of mangrove forest ecosystems
through environmentally responsible tourism activities can be used as
nature-based tourist destinations and these activities contribute greatly to
mangrove conservation (Hakim, Siswanto, & Makagoshi, 2017). Therefore,
mangrove ecotourism can also provide socioeconomic benefits to local
communities through the indirect value of natural resources (Basyuni et al., 2018.
Utilization of mangrove forests is a form of sustainable management of
natural resources but still requires consideration from various perspectives to
produce appropriate policies. The uniqueness of mangrove habitats has
contributed to the economic development of a number of countries through the
expansion of ecotourism activities. But, declining mangrove ecosystems and
habitat fragmentation are causing major problems in all tropical countries in the
world including the Philippines. However, Mangrove forests can also reduce the
impact of tidal floods caused by tides and high rainfall (Giarno, Didiharyono,
Fisu, & Mattingaragau, 2020).
Consequently, Ecotourism takes place in areas of natural richness.
Mangrove areas represent both an attractive ecotourism site and a sensitive
ecosystem. Mangroves provide important ecosystem services, e.g., shelter for
economically important aquatic larvae, a buffer against coastal erosion, and a
major carbon sink. In the tropics, mangrove forests play an important role in
people’s ways of life (Teka et al., 2019). Hence, there may be conflicts between
sustaining a good environment and the economic benefits of mangroves;
activities within mangrove areas can affect their ecosystem service. Ecotourism
is a popular activity in mangrove areas but poses a high risk of pollution (de
Groot et al., 2010). Ecotourism activities vary, and their effects among different
stakeholders can be complicated (Do et al., 2015).

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
As the researchers aimed to assess the potentiality of Mangrove Forest in
Bacoor, Cavite, the researchers found out that Cavite has been depleted in the
past years due to aquaculture conversion and reclamation. Meanwhile, efforts to
the continuous rehabilitation of the mangrove forest as a new tourism object
initiated by the municipal government of Bacoor. In this regard, The potentiality of
the subject to provide a sustainable economic and environmental growth is
possible as the city government creates an initiative for further development to
assess the potentiality of mangrove forest as a tourism destination.
Thus, the researchers were curious about the characteristics of
mangroves forest in terms of environmental and economic potential. The use of
SWOT analysis to determine the accessibility and attractiveness of Mangrove
Forest as a potential tourism destination in order to facilitate the economic-based
approach for the contribution and protection to conserve the said area.
Regardless, in determining possible hazards to mangroves, and the site-potential
livelihood for the community.
Mangrove Forests value is enormous based on the potential and variety of
reasons that can provide vital insights to formulate policies for the sustainable
use. It can definitely help to ensure that tourism activities in mangrove forests are
managed in a sustainable manner to determine more about the conditions of
various related aspects regarding the characteristics of accessibility and

attractiveness of mangrove forests as a new tourism destination, so that the
environment and local communities are not adversely impacted.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
This study will assess the potential of Mangrove Forest to be a new
tourism destination, identify its strategic plan with the Local Government Unit
(LGU) and provide further recommendations and ideas on how to resolve
underlying problems in order to develop a new tourism destination site.
Specifically, this study aimed to achieve the following objectives:
1) To analyze the SWOT of Mangrove Forest characteristics according to its;
a. accessibility
b. attractiveness
2) To assess the potentiality of Mangrove Forest as a tourism destination in
Bacoor, Cavite.
a. accessibility
b. attractiveness
3) To identify significant inputs from the SWOT Analysis and to recommend
future development to the Mangrove Forest in Bacoor, Cavite as a
Potential Tourism Destination.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The study aims to identify the evaluation of the potentiality of Mangrove
Forest in Bacoor, Cavite through SWOT analysis and environmental aspects.
Specifically, the study aimed to seek answers to the following questions:
1) What is the characteristic of mangroves in terms of accessibility and
attractiveness that needs to be evaluated in the SWOT analysis format?
2) How is Mangrove Forest considered to be potential as a tourism object in
terms of accessibility and attractiveness in the aspect of economic and
environmental attributes?
3) Is there a significant difference from the input of SWOT analysis that
needs to be addressed and to further recommend a future sustainable
development plan.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A combination of SWOT analysis and the DPSIR framework were used to
explore the complexity of the groups involved. The SWOT analysis helped
identify critical points, while the DPSIR framework was used to explore the
ecotourism development lifecycle. Administrative organization, site visits, and
secondary-related data will be classified into strengths or weaknesses, as
internal factors of the area. This information was used to define the “state (S)” in
the DPSIR framework of changes in the mangrove forest. External factors are
those arising from laws and rules relating to an area, including environmental
consequences from outside of the area, and used to identify opportunities and
threats for subsequent use as “D”, “P”, “S'', or "R ".
The SWOT analysis allowed the determination of indicators in each
dimension of DPSIR. Each indicator was divided into five levels, from insignificant
to very high importance. The integration of SWOT and DPSIR was an aggregate
innovation, in that they were used as a tool to explore the supply and demand of
ecotourism and understand the importance of socioeconomic and environmental
factors that can lead to sustainable outcomes. Also, the DPSIR ecotourism
framework addressed the dynamic processes of the ecotourism life cycle, with
regard to the carrying capacity of the area. This helped to explain the status of
ecotourism in mangrove areas, using evidence from the study. The policy and
strategies proposed in this study represent innovative ways to organize

sustainable tourism and fulfill the socioeconomic and environmental components
of ecotourism.
Overall, this study developed practical, evidence-based innovations, with a
theoretical grounding, to create an ecotourism framework that included policy and
implications. These sustainable tourism strategies in mangrove areas represent a
significant innovation in tourism, as proposed by Hjalager (1997) and Hall (2009).
In this paper, the researchers integrate these developments into the
DPSIR framework. The researchers adapted the original DPSIR framework to
include both ecosystem services impacts to acknowledge the EBM-DPSER
development to account for wider ecosystem dynamics and welfare impacts.
Also, for the DPSWR development to increase focus on social elements. The
researchers follow Cooper’s broad definition of welfare. In addition, the
recognition of the linkages between elements in the framework so as to account
for dynamics and feedback. Lastly, acknowledgement as the importance of scale,
as each element of the framework affects and is affected by processes occurring
at and across multiple temporal and spatial scales.

Figure 1. The Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework
The researcher observed the compatibility of the DPSIR framework as a
tool used to assess the state of ecosystems and identify the drivers of change
that affect them. This framework can be applied to mangroves, which are vital
ecosystems that provide numerous benefits such as coastal protection, carbon.
The DPSIR framework consists of five components: driving forces,
pressures, state, impacts, and responses. In the case of mangroves, driving
forces may include human activities such as land development, deforestation
and pollution. These activities create pressures on the ecosystem by altering its
physical and chemical properties. The state component refers to the current
condition of the mangrove ecosystem in terms of its biodiversity and productivity.
However, Impacts refer to the consequences of these changes on human
well-being and ecological services provided by mangroves. Finally, responses
involve actions taken to mitigate or adapt to these impacts. Applying the DPSIR
framework can help identify key drivers affecting mangrove ecosystems and
guide management decisions towards sustainable use practices that maintain
their health and resilience.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Figure 2. Conceptual Paradigm of the Study
The researchers used Figure 2 as a paradigm in their search for relevant
information. The paradigm above shows the framework of the study in combined
SWOT and DPSIR format including the output. The Innovations to facilitate
processes for enhancing environmentally sustainable tourism were inspired and
affected by a range of internal and external factors, which were assessed by the
SWOT analysis. These challenges and opportunities will be addressed by
interviewing the Government Agencies in ecotourism activities, members of the
local government unit and officers from sub-district administrative organizations,
as well as making observations during site visits and performing a literature
review. Integrating the DPSIR and SWOT will provide an innovative approach to
address the supply and demand of ecosystem services among stakeholders
engaged in ecotourism in mangrove areas.
Upon obtaining a better understanding of the role played both by the
general public and by stakeholders, the indicators of ecotourism activity-relevant
stakeholders will be engaged in identified, and face-to-face questionnaire
interviews will be conducted, together with site visits. The results will be used to
provide the baseline for the SWOT analysis. In addition, Internal and external
factors related to sustainable tourism should be identified. The DPSIR framework
will be employed. For instance, DPSIR begins with the driving forces (D) that
interact with the environment. This will result in pressure (P) to balance the
environment; the state of the environment (S) then changes accordingly. Lastly, if
a change goes beyond the carrying capacity of an ecosystem, an impact (I),
which is a threat to humans, will be recognized. Society must therefore invent
tools that respond to or alleviate such impacts (R), restoring the balance. DPSIR
is an integrated system that includes both human and natural systems, so

adjustments in dynamic changes, adaptations, and transformations of various
forms and dimensions will be expressed in a single format.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The primary objective of this study is to assess the potentiality of the
mangrove forest in Bacoor, Cavite and determine the environmental and
economic factors as well as the characterization of attraction and accessibility as
a tourism destination. The study contains facts about sustainability of mangroves
as a potential tourism destination determined by the historic status of mangroves
in Bacoor, Cavite. The researchers come up with proposals and
recommendations to further assess the potentiality of the mangrove forest.
The researcher limited this study to the internal and external factors as
well as the indicators of Mangrove Forest as a tourism object. The researchers
chose this study to nurture our estuaries and fuel our nature-based economies,
and the locale of this study is accessible and viable.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will focus on determining the potentiality of mangrove forest as
a tourism destination in Bacoor, Cavite. Moreover, the result of this will be
beneficial to the following:
Researchers- The result of the study will be helpful to the researchers. After all,
they will be able to grasp their chosen topic better because they will have a tool
to help them find credible information essential for understanding the subject
matter.
Tourism Planning and Development Department - This study will further help
them as a guide to improve tourism in a sustainable and responsible
development manner.
Future Researchers -The findings in this study will serve as a reference used as
reference material and as a basis that can give a background overview for future
researchers who want to conduct a broader study about the potentiality of
Mangrove as a tourism destination.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following terms were defined here by definitions that can help the
readers to understand the content of the research better. The following terms are:
Aquaculture is the practice of growing plants in water or farming fish for food.
Avicennia, also known as Api Api Putih, is an iconic tree of the mangrove forest.
Standing at 20 m tall, the leaves excrete salt due to the presence of salt glands.
The tree develops pencil-like pneumatophores that protrude out of the soil
allowing root respiration in the anaerobic muddy soil.
Bruguiera a mangrove nursery (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora apiculata
and Acanthus ilicifolius) that was constructed bordering the ponds helped to
establish a bioshield in the area. Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (Rhizophoraceae) is a
tall tree growing in wet areas of the coast, also where it reaches tidal seawater
and forms mangroves.
Carbon sink is anything that absorbs more carbon from the atmosphere than it
releases – for example, plants, the ocean and soil.
Coastal Erosion is the wearing away of the land by the sea often involves
destructive waves wearing away the coast (though constructive waves also
contribute to coastal erosion).
Flora and Fauna are the plants and animals that are found within a certain area.
Flora is the plant life in an ecosystem. Flora is the foundation for all other life in
an area. They make their own food from sunlight and provide energy for the rest
of the ecosystem.
Fauna are all the animals in an ecosystem. Such as animals like bears, but also
include aquatic species, like jellyfish, coral, and a host of insects on land.
Endemic Plants are the plants that live in a limited area, such as a mountain
range, lake or island, among others.
House Bills are laws in the making, They pass into law when they are approved
by both houses and the President of the Philippines
Legal Basis a provision of substantive law, which specifies the facts giving rise
to the subjective right directly and allows a claim to be raised
Mangroves a tropical tree that grows in mud or at the edge of rivers and has
roots that are above ground.
Mudflats form when silt and mud are brought in by seas, oceans, and tributaries.
The mud and the silt are deposited into bays and lagoons when the tide comes
in. The water mixes with the mud and silt, creating the muddy quicksand that
occurs in mudflats
Rhizophora is a small genus (the type of the family Rhizophoraceae) of tropical
trees and shrubs that have tetramerous flowers and a partly inferior ovary
forming a fleshy berry see mangrove.

Saline swamp are found on the more saline end of the palustrine spectrum,
located in generally flat, low-lying coastal areas near estuaries and the sea.
Sensing method that uses light in the form of a pulsed laser to measure ranges
(variable distances)
Sonneratia It is a tree, with a broad, spreading canopy, usually 15 - 20 m tall,
and sometimes up to 30 m tall. Cream-coloured to brown bark, with smooth, fine,
longitudinal fissures. It bears thick and blunt pneumatophores (conical roots that
emerge vertically from the ground) that are up to 1 m tall.
Vertebrate Species are animals that have a backbone or spinal column, also
called vertebrae. These animals include fish, birds, mammals, amphibians, and
reptiles
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter deals with the literature and related studies directly relevant
to the current study. The topics are organized chronologically based on previous
research and other references.
Characteristics of Mangrove
According to (Hai et al., 2020) Mangroves are ecologically important
components of the coastal ecosystems that are under severe threat globally from
a range of causes and they provide potential contributions in ecological services
(Kumari et al., 2020). Mangroves provide a range of ecosystem services
including coastline protection (Hochard et al., 2019), carbon storage and
sequestration, and provision of habitat for wildlife and commercially important
species (Friess et al., 2020). Mangroves also provide socio-economic benefits
like support to livelihood (e.g., ecotourism; Spalding and Parrett, 2019). However
the mangroves provide natural infrastructure to help protect the area in natural
calamities and Mangrove provides habitat for species. Mangroves are regarded
as a high-priority ecosystem in a number of international conservation initiatives
like the Global Mangrove Alliance (GMA; Bunting et al., 2022).
Several international commitments and targets have been set to bolster
biodiversity conservation and ecosystem restoration (da Rosa and Marques,

2022), Mangrove restoration is a nature-based solution (NbS) advocated to
conserve/protect biodiversity and in climate change adaptation and mitigation
(CCAM) programs (Zari et al., 2019) . However mangrove restoration is an
important tool for preserving and restoring coastal ecosystems. Restoring
Mangroves can help to reduce the impacts of climate change through blue
carbon and other environmental threats. On the other hand, In article titled:
Mangrove Blue Carbon to Climate Change, According to the article of (Catherine
& Ruth, 2020) "Variable Impacts of Climate Change on Blue Carbon" explains
that "blue carbon provides opportunities to mitigate climate change while
increasing ecosystem services for coastal communities, but is vulnerable to
climate change.” On a national scale, blue carbon of mangroves can lessen the
effects of climate change.
DA Friess et al., 2020: Zeng et al., (2021) stated that Carbon accounting
systems are essential for countries to comply with international climate change
agreements. Mangrove extent and carbon stocks are anticipated to be impacted
by climate change in both favorable and unfavorable ways. Mangroves are
expected to face threats from sea level rise throughout their whole range,
whereas cyclone activity will have regional effects. Mangroves can spread into
the coastal regions due to rising air and water temperatures along the latitudinal
border, but in some locations, sea level rise also promotes the establishment of
mangroves inland.
Coastal Development Ecosystem
According to an article of Andiny and Safuridar, (2019) Prihadi et al.,
(2018) One of the potential natural resources in coastal areas are mangrove
forests. Mangroves serve a variety of biological, chemical, and socioeconomic
functions, including serving as a popular destination for travelers. (Amir, 2018)
asserted that there is a need to improve the weaknesses in the planning,
approval, and implementation processes of mangrove-related projects to ensure
the sustainability of their resources. One of the main factors that have decreased
the mangrove distribution along the Pahang coastline is coastal development.
Ahmad et al. (2019) mentioned that these mangrove areas have been cleared to
give space for developments such as human settlements, aquaculture farms,
small markets, parking areas, and others.
As a result, it is feared that the value of resources, such as mangroves,
will decrease Liu et al., (2021) . The reason is, it is critical to assess the potential
of mangroves, for example, using remote sensing methods. The findings can be
used to enhance the development of tourist attractions and strengthen the
branding of mangrove ecotourism destinations in the direction of sustainable
management. Furthermore, the ecotourism branding can facilitate the green
tourism marketing strategy. According to an article entitled Green tourism
marketing Wurarah et al., (2022) is a type of marketing that emphasizes natural
destinations and has indicators of sustainable development based on
environmental hospitality and local social, economic, and cultural characteristics.

Economic and Environmental Impact
According to article entitled: The role of coastal biodiversity on
sustainability and environmental awareness ABIDINet al. (2021) Ecotourism is
defined as a tourism development strategy applying the ecotourism principles of
environmental protection from negative impact Noriega et al. (2020) and
environmental awareness application, providing experiences for visitors and
hosts, empowerment, and economic incentive potentials for local people. Further,
ecotourism is the form of responsible tourism defined as a tool to minimize the
negative social, economic, and environmental impacts and to maximize the
positive impacts of tourism development (Frey and George 2010). Thus, it serves
as the main form of sustainable tourism Phelan et al. (2020), as an incentive for
ecological conservation and as a more sustainable approach Ren et al. (2020).
Environmental and Economic Challenges
Mangroves are also potential sources of livelihood for the community.
Through the development of policies and programs that can help to provide
incentives to local people who are largely dependent on mangroves. A significant
ecosystem, mangroves offer beneficial social, economic, and environmental
benefits. In a significant effort to manage this ecosystem sustainably and meet
national climate goals, Indonesia has made mangroves a national priority.
However, Mangrove management faces difficult problems involving social,

ecological, and economic concerns. An extensive analysis and critique of
mangrove management in Indonesia was conducted in order to meet the
government's promises and goals for mangrove restoration and conservation.
This research sought to offer a thorough analysis of the difficulties and
tactical suggestions for Indonesian mangrove management. In order to
comprehend the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities, and risks associated
with mangrove management in Indonesia, a SWOT analysis was conducted (VB
Arifanti, F Sidik, B Mulyanto, a Susilowati Forests, 2022)
Conservation and Sustainability
Ecotourism concepts have been continuously applied in this region. It was
previously believed to be vulnerable to harm due Eco tourists and local people
had different levels of environmental consciousness. With sustainability serving
as a mediating variable between conservation and environmental awareness, this
study aims to (i) describe the strategy of coastal biodiversity conservation to
improve environmental awareness and its sustainability, and (ii) analyze the role
of conservation on sustainability and environmental awareness. Both descriptive
and Warp Partial Least Square (WarpPLS) data analysis techniques were used.
The findings show that empirical evidence of environmental consciousness,
sustainability, and conservation in CMC Tiga Warna is pertinent to the findings of
statistical analysis. It is thought that conservation will increase the environmental

consciousness of Eco tourists and local populations and ensure the sustainability
of ecotourism destinations (Abidin Z, Setiawan B, Muhaimin AW, Shinta A. 2021)
Legal Basis
The legal basis for addressing the potential of Mangrove as a new tourist
destination in Bacoor, Cavite, may be found in different laws and regulations
aimed at protection, conservation and sustainable development.
House Bill 5609 shall establish and set aside all coastal areas in each
municipality portions of land solely for the conservation, protection, reforestation
and rehabilitation of mangrove forests. Also, House bills 1686, 5442 and 4052, or
the proposed National Mangrove Forests Protection and Preservation Act. The
bill proposes the establishment of reservation areas exclusively for mangrove
forests”. It also provides for the creation of the National Council for the
Preservation of Mangrove Forests. This law recognizes the development and
implementation of a comprehensive program for the preservation, reforestation,
afforestation, and sustainable development of mangrove forests.

Synthesis
The research study and articles regarding potential of Mangroves as new
tourist destination shows similar and different information, some authors
mentioned the development of coastal resources, including mangroves, has been
exploitative in nature. The researchers found the same information from various
authors explaining the same goal depending on what we were looking for.
The authors explain that their common goal is sustainability. According to
(VB Arifanti, F Sidik, B Mulyanto, Susilowati Forests, 2022) mangroves are also
potential sources of livelihood for the community. Through the development of
policies and programs that can help to provide incentives to local people who are
largely dependent on mangroves. A significant ecosystem, mangroves offer
beneficial social, economic, and environmental benefits. In a significant effort to
manage this ecosystem sustainably and meet national climate goals, Indonesia
has made mangroves a national priority. Mangroves also provide socio-economic
benefits like support to livelihood (e.g., ecotourism; Spalding and Parrett, 2019).
Asserted that there is a need to improve the weaknesses in the planning,
approval, and implementation processes of mangrove-related projects to ensure
the sustainability of their resources. One of the main factors that have decreased
the mangrove distribution along the Pahang coastline is coastal development.
Ahmad et al. (2019)

The findings show that empirical evidence of environmental
consciousness, sustainability, and conservation in CMC Tiga Warna is pertinent
to the findings of statistical analysis. It is thought that conservation will increase
the environmental consciousness of Eco tourists and local populations and
ensure the sustainability of ecotourism destinations. (Abidin Z, Setiawan B,
Muhaimin AW, Shinta A. 2021)
Ahmad et al. (2019) asserted that there is a need to improve the
weaknesses in the planning, approval, and implementation processes of
mangrove-related projects to ensure the sustainability of their resources. One of
the main factors that have decreased the mangrove distribution along the
Pahang coastline is coastal development.
An extensive analysis and critique of mangrove management in Indonesia
was conducted in order to meet the government's promises and goals for
mangrove restoration and conservation. This research sought to offer a thorough
analysis of the difficulties and tactical suggestions for Indonesian mangrove
management.
The findings show that empirical evidence of environmental
consciousness, sustainability, and conservation in CMC Tiga Warna is pertinent
to the findings of statistical analysis. It is thought that conservation will increase
the environmental consciousness of Eco tourists and local populations and
ensure the sustainability of ecotourism destination. (Abidin Z, Setiawan B,

Muhaimin AW, Shinta A. 2021) In this part, the various objectives of the author in
their research are shown.
Justification
The research study aimed to recommend a development program about
the potential of Mangrove forest as a new tourism destination in Bacoor, Cavite.
Despite the several articles and studies mentioned, the researcher found out that
there is a lack of sustainable management.
Therefore, the researchers continued to conduct the study in order to
expand other detailed information and to contribute to the knowledge about
Potential of the Mangrove forest as a new tourist destination. Moreover the
researcher attempted to recommend a sustainable development program,
relating to the programs towards the Mangrove ecosystem.

References
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ECOTOURISM ATTRACTION AND STRENGTHENING DESTINATION
BRANDING AND MARKETING: ”GUNUNG PITHING MANGROVE
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NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas, Cavite

Hospitality and Tourism Management Department

ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL OF MANGROVES FOREST AS A

An Undergraduate Thesis Proposal Presented to the Faculty of

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Mercado, Kim Ysabelle C.

Hospitality and Tourism Management Department

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

The Philippines is an archipelago country made up of 7,107 islands

located completely within the tropics of the Southeastern Coast of Asia.

components of the coastal ecosystem is the mangal community or mangroves on

1920), and it decreased to 100,000 hectares in 1994–1995 (Primavera 2000).

Approximately 60 to 70 mangrove and associated mangrove species from

Besides, An estimated forty species are considered true mangroves (CV-CIRRD

Rhizophora, Avicennia, Bruguiera and Sonneratia (Calumpong & Menez 1996).

Hospitality and Tourism Management Department

As stated in the 2015 census, Noveleta has a population of 45,846 people,

to be advantageous to the environment but also the people of the said

community. Economically, the projects mean employment and income to masses

Environment and Natural Resources Office (MENRO) and the Municipal

Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council (MFARMC).

Given that Mangroves are considered as the most important components

potentiality upon development interests such as settlements, tourist areas, and

human use causes intervention and over-exploitation of mangroves and their

forest encroachment by the community (Ahmad, Wirakartakusumah, &

For instance, efforts to use sustainable principles really need to be

implemented in forest management where one form of management is the use of

Hospitality and Tourism Management Department

environmental services in the form of ecotourism. With that, the potentiality of

Mangrove forests as a tourism object have a lot of potential to be developed as a

tourist area. Besides, the sustainable use of mangrove forest ecosystems

through environmentally responsible tourism activities can be used as

nature-based tourist destinations and these activities contribute greatly to

mangrove conservation (Hakim, Siswanto, & Makagoshi, 2017). Therefore,

mangrove ecotourism can also provide socio- economic benefits to local

Utilization of mangrove forests is a form of sustainable management of

natural resources but still requires consideration from various perspectives to

produce appropriate policies. The uniqueness of mangrove habitats has

contributed to the economic development of a number of countries through the

expansion of ecotourism activities. But, declining mangrove ecosystems and

Fisu, & Mattingaragau, 2020).

Consequently, Ecotourism takes place in areas of natural richness.

Mangrove areas represent both an attractive ecotourism site and a sensitive

ecosystem. Mangroves provide important ecosystem services, e.g., shelter for

economically important aquatic larvae, a buffer against coastal erosion, and a

Hospitality and Tourism Management Department

sustaining a good environment and the economic benefits of mangroves;

stakeholders can be complicated (Do et al., 2015).

Hospitality and Tourism Management Department

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

As the researchers aimed to assess the potentiality of Mangrove Forest in

past years due to aquaculture conversion and reclamation. Meanwhile, efforts to

the continuous rehabilitation of the mangrove forest as a new tourism object

initiated by the municipal government of Bacoor. In this regard, The potentiality of

the subject to provide a sustainable economic and environmental growth is

possible as the city government creates an initiative for further development to

assess the potentiality of mangrove forest as a tourism destination.

Thus, the researchers were curious about the characteristics of

mangroves forest in terms of environmental and economic potential. The use of

SWOT analysis to determine the accessibility and attractiveness of Mangrove

Forest as a potential tourism destination in order to facilitate the economic-based

Regardless, in determining possible hazards to mangroves, and the site-potential